Functional beta cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses from compensated insulin resistance to beta cell failure resulting in uncompensated hyperglycemia, a process replicated in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. (nature.com)
Loss of beta cell identity and/or reprogramming represents an important feature of beta cell dysfunction in genetic models of diabetes, as well as in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (columbia.edu)
Here we discuss these observations in relation to previous functional and ultra-structural data as well as the secretory defects of Type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
Medical Tourism Corporation has joined hands with San Diego-headquartered GIOSTAR, a global leader in stem cell research and therapy, for treating both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. (medicaltourismco.com)
In type 2 diabetes , beta cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin to overcome the prevailing insulin resistance . (medscape.com)
Although a few FDA-approved therapies for type 2 diabetes (meglitinides, sulfonylureas, incretin-based drugs) directly enhance beta-cell function, no therapies for any form of diabetes lead to the growth of healthy, new beta cells to replace those that were lost or dysfunctional. (medscape.com)

In addition, alpha cell dysfunction is recognised as a prominent feature of the disease [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
Reviewed are recent reports that evidence a role for NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1) in beta cell dysfunction. (nih.gov)
For the first time in beta cells these data integrate distinct pathways associated with beta cell dysfunction. (nih.gov)
Hyperglycemia in T2D patients is the consequence of both insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction or failure [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Clinical studies in humans indicate that β-cell dysfunction in MODY3 patients leads to a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is responsible for chronic hyperglycemia ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
A greater understanding of how a person's individual characteristics ‒ including genetics, biomarkers and immune and beta cell dysfunction ‒ contribute to T1D risk and progression may lead to more precise therapeutic targets, better characterization of disease risk and how it may progress in an individual, improved opportunities for safe and effective intervention and, ultimately prevention of T1D. (jdrf.ca)
Documenting the series of events that leads to beta cell dysfunction and loss, particularly during the early stages of life and the asymptomatic phase of human T1D, would provide critical insights into the origin of the disease. (nih.gov)
Diabetes results from loss or dysfunction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. (lu.se)
In recent years, we have come to appreciate that loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing islet beta cells underlies virtually all major forms of diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)

PDGF isoforms as well as nerve growth factor induced morphological changes showing neuronal cell maturation. (jci.org)
Previous studies from our laboratory have resulted in a short list of candidate regulators of beta-cell maturation. (ca.gov)
In our lab, we found that hundreds of genes enriched in functional beta cells were not properly induced in the nonfunctional cells derived from embryonic stem cells, suggesting that manipulating critical regulators that can affect multiple beta cell genes simultaneously might be instrumental in directing beta cell differentiation and maturation in the culture dish. (ca.gov)
Our studies have identified several novel regulators of gene expression, including transcription factors and small non-coding RNAs, which we predict will have critical roles in beta cell maturation. (ca.gov)
Preliminary studies so far show that forced expression of select candidates in immature precursor cells can induce the expression of several genes critical for beta cell maturation. (ca.gov)
I deleted Nkx2.2 specifically in beta cells during their maturation and in adults. (columbia.edu)
Ca V 3 channels are ontogenetically downregulated with the maturation of certain electrically excitable cells, including pancreatic β cells. (mdpi.com)
This led us to question whether excessive Ca V 3 channels, retained mistakenly in engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived islet (hiPSC-islet) cells, act as an obstacle to hiPSC-islet maturation. (mdpi.com)
The objective of our research is to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control beta cell maturation and function in the embryonic and adult pancreas. (lu.se)

Further, GABA-deficient islets did not show appropriate glucagon inhibition in response to increasing glucose concentrations in vitro 22 , suggesting that GABA is directly involved in the suppression of glucagon secretion in pancreatic alpha cells. (nature.com)
The beta-like cells generated with current protocols in vitro lack key features of normal beta-cells, most notably the ability to secrete insulin a regulated manner. (ca.gov)
This proposal explores strategies for maturing beta-cell precursors in the culture dish with the goal to produce fully functional insulin-producing beta-cells in vitro. (ca.gov)
We propose to manipulate these candidate regulators in vitro in order to force beta-cell precursors to adopt a mature phenotype. (ca.gov)
We have now established a robust in vitro system for culturing and manipulating beta-cell precursors. (ca.gov)
Over the next year, we will determine, by manipulating the expression of our candidate regulators, the optimal conditions required for inducing the production of mature beta cells in vitro. (ca.gov)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated with FRβ positive CHO cells as target cells and isolated peripheral blood monocytes as effector cells in an in vitro assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Methodologically, the lab employs a wide spectrum of techniques ranging from in vitro biochemical and biophysical assays, to cell biology methods with primary cells and transformed cell lines, to light and electron microscopic techniques, to in vivo studies with genetically modified mouse models. (mcgill.ca)
The group uses in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell and molecular approaches to delineate the signalling pathways controlling gene expression and functional responses of human and murine large vessel and microvascular endothelial cells.Caroline was an associate editor of the Biochemical Journal for over 10 years and is a founder member of the European Vascular Biology Organisation and of the London Vascular Biology Forum. (rvc.ac.uk)
Sodium channel β1 subunits modulate α subunit gating and cell surface expression and participate in cell adhesive interactions in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
β1 subunits affect sodium channel gating and cell surface expression when expressed in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
The successful generation of beta cells in vitro will require a thorough understanding of the molecular networks that direct the normal development of these cells. (lu.se)
The investigators showed that a class of antimalarial drugs known as artemisinins, typified by the FDA-approved drug artemether , were capable of inhibiting ARX levels, reducing glucagon, and increasing insulin in an in vitro alpha-cell model. (medscape.com)

In addition to providing biomechanical support to the islets, ECM components are required for β-cell development, proliferation, survival, and proper insulin secretion. (nature.com)
Deposition of collagen and proliferation of smooth muscle cells are the response to chronic inflammation and injury of the submucosa leading to fibrosis and thickening of the submucosa and the smooth muscle layers of the bowel wall. (bmj.com)
Recent studies demonstrated that there is conversation between skeletal muscle and beta-cells, and that certain peptides (i.e. myokines) secreted by insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells may impact negatively on beta-cell function, proliferation and survival in T2D. (europa.eu)
2003. Promotion versus suppression of rat colon carcinogenesis by chlorophyllin and chlorophyll: modulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and beta-catenin/Tcf signaling. . (oregonstate.edu)
instead, we found that PDGF-DD stimulated bulk tumor cell proliferation by induction of paracrine mitogenic signaling between heterogeneous malignant cell clones, some of which expressed PDGFRβ. (lu.se)

Here we show that beta cell failure in adult ZDF rats is not associated with CB 1 R signaling in beta cells, but rather in M1 macrophages infiltrating into pancreatic islets, and that this leads to activation of the Nlrp3-ASC inflammasome in the macrophages. (nature.com)
Mounting evidence supports the notion that the activation and evolution of islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible people is contingent upon early life exposures affecting the islets, especially beta cells. (springer.com)
Hence, recapitulating the islet ECM in both isolated islets and stem-cell-derived β-cells is of high therapeutic value. (nature.com)
The peri-islet membrane, which encapsulates the islets, separates the endocrine cells from the exocrine pancreas and serves as a barrier from immune cell infiltration to the islets. (nature.com)
Our results indicate that an unexpected degree of beta cell heterogeneity is defined by Ppy gene activation, providing valuable insight into the homeostatic regulation of pancreatic islets and future therapeutic strategies against diabetes. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Multiple immunological abnormalities have been reported in T1D patients including autoantibody production against the insulin molecule, the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), various islet antigens, and the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) as well as decreased regulatory T cell (Treg) capacity to suppress T-cell mediated destruction of the islets of Langerhans 3 . (nature.com)
These novel regulators are highly expressed in insulin-producing islets and have very low expression in non-functional beta-like cells. (ca.gov)
Similar outcomes have been achieved for the three additional types of cells which make up the islets of Lagerhans, and which produce insulin and other hormones in the pancreas. (medindia.net)
The potential for dedifferentiation of all the different cells that make up the islets of Langerhans is a totally new finding," said lead researcher Dr. Lawrence Rosenberg, Chief of the Division of Surgical Research at McGill''s Faculty of Medicine. (medindia.net)
Molecular analysis in mouse and human islets revealed that Nkx2.2 is a conserved master regulatory protein that controls the acquisition and maintenance of a functional monohormonal beta cell identity by directly activating critical beta cell genes, and actively repressing genes that specify the alternative islet endocrine cell lineages. (columbia.edu)
The drug's action depends on functional beta cells in pancreatic islets. (medscape.com)
Also, further research on the potential use of xenogeneic cells/islets is needed. (nih.gov)
The major goal of the project will be to characterize the different exosomes populations and their impact on islets cells. (europa.eu)

Type 1 diabetes results from the poorly understood process of islet autoimmunity, which ultimately leads to the loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. (springer.com)
Type 1 diabetes results from organ-specific autoimmunity, which eliminates most of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. (springer.com)
Undoubtedly, sustained efforts by the global type 1 diabetes research community to understand the basis of T cell-driven autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes have paid dividends. (springer.com)
Here, we draw upon studies that have shed light on the initiation and progression of islet autoimmunity from the point of view of the beta cell. (springer.com)
We advance the hypothesis that antigen presentation by beta cells, their stress responses and functional heterogeneity are critical factors that will provide clues towards solving the enigma posed by islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
A molecular exploration of human pancreata could also help identify biomarkers highly specific for T1D, develop means of controlling the regenerative capacity of the pancreatic compartment in individuals with T1D, and design therapeutic strategies to delay or stop the progression towards full-blown T1D by slowing or preventing the development of beta cell-specific autoimmunity. (nih.gov)
Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
In type 1 diabetes , beta cells succumb to autoimmunity, leaving individuals with significantly reduced beta-cell mass and a lifelong dependence on insulin replacement therapy. (medscape.com)

Scientists are developing a promising approach for treating type 1 diabetes by using stem cells to create insulin-producing cells (called beta cells) that could replace nonfunctional pancreatic cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Stem cells are an extremely promising approach for developing many cell therapies, including better treatments for type 1 diabetes," says Salk Professor Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, the paper's senior author. (sciencedaily.com)
In the current work, the investigators started with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (sciencedaily.com)
Much of current research focuses on producing beta-cells from stem cells. (ca.gov)
The potential to generate functional pancreatic beta cells from human embryonic stem cells provides a promising avenue for beta cell replacement therapy for treatment of diabetes mellitus. (ca.gov)
It is also necessary to investigate methods to use different cell sources including human progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells as a valid option for cell replacement therapy. (nih.gov)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic stem cells are immortal, and have the potential to develop into any type of adult cell, even after months growing in culture dishes. (news-medical.net)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
The mitochondrial DNA of the stem cells, however, matched the donor egg's mitochondrial DNA. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Unlike other clinics in Mexico which offer stem cells on an individual application basis, we offer comprehensive treatment plans comprising 3-4 applications. (medicaltourismco.com)
A very important factor that sets us apart from other clinics in Mexico is that we use only "differentiated" stem cells. (medicaltourismco.com)
We extract adipose tissue, and draw stem cells from them in the lab, which are further cultivated and multiplied. (medicaltourismco.com)
We use only induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) which means after extracting the stem cells we reverse their aging and render them blank so that these cells can differentiate into the desired cell type that would help improve the patient's condition. (medicaltourismco.com)
GIOSTAR is a San Diego, California based research company committed to making the most advanced and elite science of stem cells available to the masses. (medicaltourismco.com)
Its advisory board council is made up of the most brilliant minds in stem cells research. (medicaltourismco.com)
GIOSTAR is devoted to finding cures for diseases (which are till now considered incurable) with the help of stem cells - the master cells of our body from which the entire human body is created. (medicaltourismco.com)
The organization has helped over 4,000 people fight various conditions using stem cells. (medicaltourismco.com)
Unfortunately, donor material is scarce and large efforts are made to develop beta cells from stem cells. (lu.se)
A more appealing strategy involves the transplantation of beta cells grown from stem cells, particularly with recent advances in generating large numbers of beta cells from human stem cells. (medscape.com)

Endocannabinoids contribute to insulin resistance through activation of peripheral CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) and also promote beta cell failure. (nature.com)
Human neuroblastoma cells express alpha and beta platelet-derived growth factor receptors coupling with neurotrophic and chemotactic signaling. (jci.org)
The expression of alpha and/or beta PDGF receptors was detected in a wide variety of neural crest-derived human tumor cell lines such as neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Ewing's sarcoma by RNA blot analysis, and confirmed by immunoblot analysis. (jci.org)
We have also demonstrated that PDGF receptors on the human neuroblastoma cell lines were biologically functional. (jci.org)
Sulfonylureas bind to receptors that are associated with potassium channels sensitive to adenosine triphosphate in beta-cell membrane. (medscape.com)
In addition to RFC and PCFT, a limited number of cells express folate receptors (FRs) that can mediate unidirectional transportation of folates into cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE and its adrenergic receptors in the LA, we used antibodies directed against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, or against two different isoforms of the beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs), one that predominately recognizes neurons (βAR 248) and the other astrocytes (βAR 404), to characterize the microenvironments of DβH and βAR. (frontiersin.org)
Atheroprotection was also documented in apoe(-/-) mice lacking functional transforming growth factor-beta receptors on T cells. (lu.se)

Future progress in this area holds promise for advancing islet- and beta cell-directed therapies that could be implemented in the early stages of the disease and could be combined with immunotherapies. (springer.com)
At this stage, we can''t confirm whether the cells'' ability to turn into stem-like cells occur naturally in a healthy pancreas, but the results are very encouraging for the development of regenerative therapies to fight diabetes," he added. (medindia.net)
as well as in future therapies that attempt to restore beta cells into a functional state. (columbia.edu)
These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
The findings may have important implications for understanding decreased functional beta-cell mass in diabetes, especially in T2D etiology, and therefore bring new insights into the development of innovative therapies. (europa.eu)

We are interested how extracellular matrix proteins instruct cells to differentiate, migrate, and proliferate, and how cells sense normal and pathologically altered extracellular matrix. (mcgill.ca)

The transplanted hPSC-derived beta cells were biologically functional. (sciencedaily.com)
Thus, RAPID provides an automated, unsupervised approach for finding statistically and biologically significant cells using cytometry data from patient samples. (elifesciences.org)

The department's principal investigators conduct fundamental research on topics including the role of CEACAM1 in T cell activation, TH17 cells and their role in controlling inflammation, graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and the role of T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes. (cityofhope.org)
Therefore, a central goal of diabetes research is to generate large numbers of functional beta cells for transplantation into diabetic patients. (lu.se)

Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)

Our researchers are working on different ways to develop a cure for type 1 diabetes - from growing insulin-producing beta cells in labs to hacking the immune system. (jdrf.org.uk)
Regarding Type 1 diabetes(T1D), animal/islet-cell studies found that GABA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits α-cell glucagon and dampens immune inflammation, while GAD immunization may also preserve β-cells. (nature.com)
After the cells were created, they were transplanted into a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, The model mice had a modified immune system that would not reject transplanted human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
To support this, it is necessary to develop/optimize novel/smart/safe biomaterials, scaffolds, bio-matrices and bio-barriers that may protect grafted cells from immune rejection and simultaneously promote appropriate vascularization/innervation with an efficient exchange of nutrients to optimize cellular long-term survival and proper function. (nih.gov)
When immune cells move throughout the brain, they act as the first line of defense against viruses, toxic materials and damaged neurons, rushing over to clear out them. (iu.edu)
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have been investigating how these immune cells in the brain—microglia—relate to a gene mutation recently found in Alzheimer’s disease patients. (iu.edu)
The immune cells cannot move closer to plaques to try to clear up the proteins. (iu.edu)
One grant will fund the creation of a mouse model that will allow us to delete the ABI3 gene in any cell types in the body, such as brain microglia and peripheral immune cells," Kim said. (iu.edu)

However, the first and most known application of cell fusion is production of monoclonal antibodies in hybridoma technology, where hybrid cell lines (hybridomas) are formed by fusing specific antibody-producing B lymphocytes with a myeloma (B lymphocyte cancer) cell line. (wikipedia.org)
For example, there were no T cell subsets and antibodies were all polyclonal. (cityofhope.org)

Figure 2: The effect of chronic JD5037 treatment on beta cell survival and function in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
Thus, alongside ECs, pericytes are a significant source of the islet BM, which is essential for proper β-cell function. (nature.com)
Given the low GABA dose for this pediatric trial, future investigations using higher-dose or long-acting GABA formulations, either alone or with GAD-alum, could be considered, although GABA alone or in combination with GAD-alum did nor preserve beta-cell function in this trial. (nature.com)
As for GAD65 antigen (GAD-alum) treatment per se in new onset T1D, an initial 2008 report of 70 patients was auspicious insofar as residual beta-cell function over 30 months was somewhat preserved. (nature.com)
The HNF-1β protein is important for development and function of the kidneys and beta cells in the pancreas. (medlineplus.gov)
In the pancreas, these changes prevent normal beta cell function. (medlineplus.gov)
Therefore, an effective antidiabetic agent should both improve insulin sensitivity and enhance beta-cell function. (hindawi.com)
The acquisition of beta cell identity and function is a multistage process that involves the sequential regulation of specific factors and signals. (columbia.edu)
The maintenance of beta cell identity and function is a process of comparable importance that requires persistent and continuous regulation. (columbia.edu)
However, due to the perinatal lethality of the Nkx2.2 null mice, the study of its function in adult beta cells has remained elusive. (columbia.edu)
For my dissertation work, I explored the function and mechanism of action of Nkx2.2 in the adult beta cell. (columbia.edu)
it is necessary to actively maintain expression of genes involved in beta cell function, but to also maintain repression of closely related endocrine gene programs. (columbia.edu)
The Reinhardt laboratory is interested in components and mechanisms involved in the biogenesis, function and pathological aspects of the extracellular matrix and its interactions with cells. (mcgill.ca)
Her major research interests are focused on the molecular control of endothelial cell function in health and disease. (rvc.ac.uk)
focus is primarily on vascular cell function with emphasis on understanding molecular control mechanisms. (rvc.ac.uk)
Our study provides the first in vivo functional evidence that the loss of ABI3 function may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease by affecting amyloid beta accumulation and neuroinflammation," Karahan said. (iu.edu)
The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
Despite these daunting numbers, our knowledge about the pathophysiology of T1D and T2D remains limited and many questions about the relation of the of the beta cell mass, the beta cell function and the metabolism of different tissues remain unanswered. (europa.eu)
It is now recognized that there is decreased beta-cell function and mass in T2D but the precise underlying mechanism remains to be determined. (europa.eu)
Their main function is regenerating into cells that have been damaged by diseases or injury. (medicaltourismco.com)
There seems to be a more rapid decrease in beta-cell function," Dr Cefalu noted. (medscape.com)
The pathogenesis of other forms of diabetes (eg, gestational diabetes ) can similarly be traced to a failure of beta-cell mass, beta-cell function, or both. (medscape.com)
A novel CD18 genomic deletion in a patient with severe leucocyte adhesion deficiency: a possible CD2/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 functional association in humans. (lu.se)
The data included clinical characteristics, immunological markers and -cell function. (who.int)

Functional malignant cell heterogeneity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors revealed by targeting of PDGF-DD. (lu.se)
Here, making use of a newly generated Pdgfd knockout mouse, we reveal a functionally important malignant cell heterogeneity modulated by PDGF-DD signaling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). (lu.se)

The second messenger cAMP exerts powerful stimulatory effects on Ca(2+) signaling and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. (nih.gov)

We used Ppy-Cre driver mice and a PP-specific monoclonal antibody to investigate the association between Ppy-lineage cells and beta cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
However, when stem cell-derived beta-cell precursors are transplanted into mice, they acquire properties of functional beta-cells, indicating that the precursors have the potential to transition into a mature beta-cell state. (ca.gov)
For example, it is used in the process of producing knockout mice, as well as in tumor treatment, gene therapy, and cell-based therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Nkx2.2 is a transcription factor that is critical for the development and differentiation of beta cells both in mice and humans. (columbia.edu)
2002. Response of Apc(min) and A33 (delta N beta-cat) mutant mice to treatment with tea, sulindac, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). . (oregonstate.edu)
This team showed that injection of just three genes- Neurog3, Mafa, and Pdx1 -into the pancreatic parenchyma of mice leads to conversion of exocrine cells to functional beta cells, a process popularly known as "reprogramming. (medscape.com)

The loss of pancreatic beta-cells in type 1 diabetes results in absence of insulin secreted by the pancreas, and consequently elevated blood sugar which leads to various long-term complications. (ca.gov)
Insulin-producing beta cells from the pancreas can return to more primitive developmental state called stem-like cells, scientists from the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and the Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM) have proved. (medindia.net)
Still missing from these approaches is any attempt to induce regeneration or replication of endogenous beta cells in the pancreas, an approach that would be physiologically desirable. (medscape.com)
A 2008 study by Zhou and colleagues [ 6 ] provided early insight into how endogenous cells in the pancreas could be coaxed into becoming beta cells. (medscape.com)

Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and T cell population markers in adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in humans. (nature.com)
In particular, the dialogue between T cells and beta cells is far more complex in humans and recent evidence supports potential type 1 diabetes 'endotypes' based on age at onset [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
In order to non-invasively characterize beta cells and other relevant tissues in animal models and humans suffering from diabetes, it will be necessary to combine different molecular imaging techniques to provide information complementary to that obtained by other imaging, laboratory, and functional tests. (europa.eu)
These beta glucans also can activate T cells in humans and animals to potentially protect against viruses. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
For example, how can genes be delivered at the precise dose to cells in humans? (medscape.com)

Cloning and functional expression of the cDNA encoding an inwardly-rectifying potassium channel expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and in the brain. (ox.ac.uk)

To use this knowledge to improve beta cell differentiation protocols. (lu.se)

The molecular profiles of endocrine cells were investigated by single-cell transcriptome analysis and the glucose responsiveness of beta cells was assessed by Ca2+ imaging. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Understanding the molecular cues that regulate how a beta cell develops and matures would be critical in improving current approaches to generate functional beta cells. (ca.gov)
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA. (nih.gov)
Her laboratory specialises in investigating the functional relevance of molecular signalling pathways in human and animal endothelial cells and a range of other vascular cell types. (rvc.ac.uk)
The study, led by Hande Karahan, PhD , postdoctoral fellow in medical and molecular genetics, and Jungsu Kim, PhD , the P. Michael Conneally Professor of Medical and Molecular Genetics, found that deleting the gene-called ABI3-significantly increased amyloid-beta plaque accumulation in the brain and decreased the amount of microglia around the plaques. (iu.edu)
In order to address these urgent questions, great hope has been put on the development of novel tracers, and functional and molecular imaging methods, which only recently have become available for in vivo diabetes imaging. (europa.eu)

These cells, which can be derived from adult tissues (most often the skin), have the potential to become any kind of cell found in the adult body. (sciencedaily.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether mast cells accumulate in these tissues and whether their localisation is associated with extracellular matrix components. (bmj.com)
Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
Evidence from a variety of secretory tissues, including pancreatic islet cells suggests, however, that the secretory granules can be functionally divided into distinct pools that are distinguished by their release competence and/or proximity to the plasma membrane. (lu.se)

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, which secrete PP (encoded by the Ppy gene), are a minor population of pancreatic endocrine cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Beta cells produce and release (secrete) the hormone insulin. (medlineplus.gov)

These subpopulations of beta cells demonstrated distinct characteristics regarding their functionality and gene expression profiles. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
As a result, there is an emergent need to explore previously unmapped mechanisms regulating distinct subpopulations of tumor cells and to understand their contribution to tumor progression and treatment response. (lu.se)

Here, we review some of the recent advances and studies that highlight the roles of these changes as well as antigen presentation and stress response pathways in beta cells in the onset and propagation of the autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
These results suggest that effects of β1 on sodium channel gating are dependent on the genetic background and signal transduction pathways present in the cell type used in heterologous expression and emphasize the importance of analyzing the effects of β1 in vivo . (jneurosci.org)

Thus, human endocrine cells are not in direct contact with the vascular BM components but with the invaginated peri-islet membrane. (nature.com)
In the present studies, we examined the expression of two PDGF receptor genes in human tumor cell lines derived from neural crest. (jci.org)
These findings suggest that PDGF isoforms are involved not only in the promotion of the neuroblastoma cell growth, but also in neuronal cell migration, growth, and differentiation in human brain development. (jci.org)
Growing the cells in this way creates more shared surface area between the cells and allows them to influence each other, just as they would during human development. (sciencedaily.com)
Functional recombinant FRβ protein was produced in insect cells and used as antigen to isolate a mAb, m909, from a human naïve Fab phage display library. (biomedcentral.com)
King's College London) fuelled her interest in vascular cellular signalling and her subsequent post-doctoral position with Professor Jeremy Pearson at King's College London (KCL) allowed her to pursue this interest in human endothelial cells. (rvc.ac.uk)
One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Human T cell receptor (TCR) is a T cell surface expressed heterodimer of alpha/beta or gamma/delta chains. (ancell.com)
Antibody JOVI-3 is specific for the human V beta 3 TCR gene product and reacts with 1-10 of T cells in normal human blood (1, 5). (ancell.com)
However, the effects of β1 are highly dependent on the experimental system in which they are studied, and different effects on the kinetics and voltage dependence of gating of brain sodium channels are observed on expression in Xenopus oocytes, Chinese hamster lung and ovary cells, and human embryonic kidney cells (Isom et al. (jneurosci.org)
2004. The dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin alters E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression in human colon cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
2003. Caspase-8 and apoptosis-inducing factor mediate a cytochrome c-independent pathway of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells induced by the dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin. . (oregonstate.edu)
HPPAP will become a component of the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) created in 2014 to support innovative and collaborative translational research to understand how human beta cells are lost in T1D, and to find innovative strategies to protect and replace functional human beta cell mass. (nih.gov)
Here we demonstrate that 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP acts in human pancreatic beta-cells and INS-1 insulin-secreting cells to mobilize Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores via Epac-mediated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). (nih.gov)
Although reported human cases of Zika virus infection have been rare in South- Fatal Sickle Cell Disease and east Asia ( 1 ), confusion with dengue and difficulty in obtain- Zika Virus Infection in Girl ing a laboratory diagnosis are likely causing its incidence from Colombia to be underestimated. (cdc.gov)
The presence of a subclonal population of tumor cells characterized by PDGFRβ expression was further validated in a cohort of human PanNET. (lu.se)

By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)

Antibody JOVI-3 is mitogenic for T cells expressing TCR V beta 3. (ancell.com)

The vascular BM surrounds the islet capillary network and directly contacts mouse endocrine cells. (nature.com)
Ppy-lineage cells were found to contribute to the four major types of endocrine cells, including beta cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Concomitantly, Nkx2.2-deficient beta cells acquired non-beta cell endocrine features, resulting in populations of completely reprogrammed cells and bi-hormonal cells that have hybrid endocrine cell morphological characteristics. (columbia.edu)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
Загальні відомості про ендокринні пухлини підшлункової залози Pancreatic endocrine tumors arise from islet and gastrin-producing cells and often produce many hormones. (msdmanuals.com)

The binding inhibits efflux of potassium ions from the cells, resulting in depolarization, influx of calcium ions, and release of preformed insulin. (medscape.com)
2004. Activator protein 2alpha associates with adenomatous polyposis coli/beta-catenin and Inhibits beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity in colorectal cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)

The HNF1B gene provides instructions for making a protein called hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF-1β). (medlineplus.gov)
The changes reduce the amount of functional HNF-1β protein. (medlineplus.gov)
A deletion of this region results in a loss of one copy of the HNF1B gene in each cell, leading to a reduced amount of HNF-1β protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Others lead to an abnormally shaped protein or prevent the production of any functional protein from one copy of the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of functional HNF-1β protein likely disrupts the regulation of genes that help direct development of the kidneys and urinary tract. (medlineplus.gov)
Previous studies of beta-cells focused on protein kinase A (PKA) as a downstream effector of cAMP action. (nih.gov)
Although one effector of Epac is the Ras-related G protein Rap1, it is not fully understood what the functional consequences of Epac-mediated signal transduction are at the cellular level. (nih.gov)

While some islet BM components are produced by endothelial cells (ECs), the source of others remains unknown. (nature.com)

TCR's recognize antigen peptides bound to MHC molecules forming the basis of antigen specific response by T cells (3, 4). (ancell.com)

Predictions of diabetes prevalence over the next decades warrant the aggressive discovery of new approaches to stop or reverse loss of functional beta cell mass. (nih.gov)

Studies have indicated that FRβ is over-expressed in activated macrophages in autoimmune diseases and some cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)

By electron microscopy, βAR 248 was present in neuronal cell bodies, dendritic shafts and spines, and some axon terminals and astrocytes. (frontiersin.org)

verification needed] Electroporation is also highly efficient for the introduction of foreign genes into tissue culture cells, especially mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)

Nateglinide interacts with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ̶ sensitive potassium channel on pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)

These compounds could have an important role in assessing a disruption of NOX-1/ROS signaling as a new approach to preserve and protect beta cell mass in diabetes. (nih.gov)

In a study published on June 7, 2021, in the journal Nature Communications , the investigators reported that they have developed a new way to create beta cells that is much more efficient than previous methods. (sciencedaily.com)
With existing methods, only about 10 to 40 percent of cells become beta cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The investigators say the methods reported in this paper may also be useful for developing specialized cells to treat other diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
Although bulk electroporation has many benefits over physical delivery methods such as microinjections and gene guns, it still has limitations, including low cell viability. (wikipedia.org)
These problems together with the scarcity of donor organs and the complexity of transplants mandates a renewed emphasis on the investigation of novel methods within the field of tissue engineering for the development of a bio-artificial, cell-based hormone replacement therapy that may minimize the need of IS. (nih.gov)
METHODS Mast cells were visualised by immunohistochemical staining of the mast cell specific proteases chymase and tryptase. (bmj.com)

Context-dependent regulation of endothelial cell metabolism: differential effects of the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and VEGF-A. Sci Rep. 2020 May 12;10(1):7849. (rvc.ac.uk)

It is now important to determine the functional roles of the novel CAM domains of β subunits in vivo . (jneurosci.org)

Second, regulation of NOX-1 in beta cells involves feed-forward control linked to elevated ROS and Src-kinase activation. (nih.gov)
Deletion of Nkx2.2 in beta cells caused rapid onset of diabetes due to the loss of insulin and the down-regulation of many beta cell functional genes. (columbia.edu)
2003. Suppression of tumorigenesis in the Apc(min) mouse: down-regulation of beta-catenin signaling by a combination of tea plus sulindac. . (oregonstate.edu)

The factors and mechanisms involved in the acquisition and maintenance of beta cell identity are still not well understood. (columbia.edu)
To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE's contributions to fear learning, we examined the anatomical organization of NE terminals and βARs in the LA. In this study, we employed immunoelectron microscopy to determine whether terminals immunoreactive for dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, form synaptic junctions in the LA and if so, examine these synapses and identify the post-synaptic targets on NE terminals. (frontiersin.org)
The lab also focuses on how the extracellular matrix regulates key growth factors of the TGF-beta superfamily, and on deciphering regulatory mechanisms mediated by microRNAs. (mcgill.ca)
Understanding the mechanisms underlying embryonic beta cell development will be a prerequisite for the development of a universally available cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)

The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
2004. Cloning of the rat beta-catenin gene (Ctnnb1) promoter and its functional analysis compared with the Catnb and CTNNB1 promoters. . (oregonstate.edu)

Diabetic patients would benefit tremendously from availability of transplantable replacement beta-cells. (ca.gov)
The researchers say that clinical trials with INGAP have shown that it is possible to regrow new functional insulin-producing cells in diabetic patients. (medindia.net)

If bacteria and plasmids are mixed together, the plasmids can be transferred into the bacteria after electroporation, though depending on what is being transferred, cell-penetrating peptides or cell squeeze could also be used. (wikipedia.org)

The Nlrp3 inflammasome has been implicated in obesity-induced insulin resistance and beta cell failure. (nature.com)

Fibrosis is characterised by an excessive production of extracellular matrix components, and cells in the tissue are constantly interacting with these extracellular matrix proteins. (bmj.com)

Loss of the ECM during the islet isolation process is considered to be a significant factor in the poor engraftment rate of transplanted β-cells, thus limiting cell replacement therapy to diabetes 6 . (nature.com)
In fibrosing colonopathy, a complication observed in children with cystic fibrosis treated with high strength pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, an accumulation of mast cells was observed in the intestinal strictures. (bmj.com)
Stem cell therapy has definitely helped me lead a normal life. (medicaltourismco.com)
Stem cell therapy has given me high hopes of stabilization. (medicaltourismco.com)
We do everything to make your stem cell therapy trip as hassle-free as possible. (medicaltourismco.com)
Beta cell replacement therapy is the only available cure for type 1 diabetes. (lu.se)

β-Cells depend on the islet basement membrane (BM). (nature.com)
Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Since the cell membrane is not able to pass current (except in ion channels), it acts as an electrical capacitor. (wikipedia.org)
In normal cells, folates are taken in through the reduced folate carrier (RFC) or proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), which are membrane-spanning proteins that facilitate bidirectional transportation of reduced folate across the plasma membrane and endosome membranes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
β1 also recruits ankyrin to the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact in response to homophilic cell adhesion (Malhotra et al. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs16

Type 2 diabet6

Dysfunction9

Maturation9

Vitro13

Proliferation5

Islets13

Autoimmunity8

Stem cells23

Receptors8

Therapies6

Differentiate1

Biologically2

Transplantation2

Progenitor cells1

Immune8

Antibodies2

Function24

Heterogeneity2

Secretion in pancreatic1

Mice6

Pancreas4

Humans5

Expressed in pancreatic1

Differentiation protocols1

Molecular6

Tissues4

Secrete2

Subpopulations2

Pathways2

Human21

Embryonic Stem1

Mitogenic1

Endocrine5

Inhibits2

Protein7

Endothelial cells1

Antigen1

Loss of functional1

Autoimmune1

Gene expression1

Neuronal cell1

Mammalian cells1

Adenosine triphosphate1

Mass in diabetes1

Methods6

Metabolism1

Vivo1

Regulation3

Mechanisms4

Cloning2

Diabetic patients2

Peptides1

Insulin resistance1

Extracellular matrix p1

Therapy6

Membrane5