Required for germinal center developmentDifferentiationLymphoidLymphocytesDisease Control and PreventionAntibodiesImpairsMutationsImmunologyHumoralAntibody responsesFolliclesFollicularLymphaticSomaticIgG2aReactionSubsets2023ResponsesLymphomasStructuresBCL6LymphomaGeneThymusImmunizationMutationSpleenAntigen-preseExpressionTumorInvolvesVivoMiceAffinityFormationClassUndergoRoleAdaptiveTranslational MedicineReceptorInfectionSuppressorCriticalNormalProductionStructureAutoimmune diseasesGenerationLackFindingsTreatment
Required for germinal center development2
- Specifically, the expression of IRF4 and BCL6 transcription factors are both required for germinal center development and regulated by NF-kB signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- CD21 is required for germinal center development, antibody production, and B cell tolerance. (rndsystems.com)
Differentiation5
- We show here that IgE+ GC B cells are unfit to undergo the conventional GC differentiation program due to impaired B cell receptor function and increased apoptosis. (tropmedres.ac)
- In this issue of Cancer Discovery , Dominguez and colleagues report that TET2 function is critical for germinal center exit and plasma cell differentiation, and its deficiency can lead to B-cell lymphoma phenotypes. (aacrjournals.org)
- This review explores recent developments in our understanding of TFh differentiation, regulation, function, and the relationship between cTFh and those in GCs, and the complex interaction between TFh and HIV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
- Expression of TCFL5 in B lymphocytes of germinal centers upon activation of differentiation. (uam.es)
- These cells are involved in the formation and regulation of germinal centers and the differentiation of B cells and elimination of autoreactive B cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Lymphoid4
- With the B-cells, functional germinal centers in the lymphoid organs and protective antibodies become rarer, and age-associated B-cells accumulate. (medscape.com)
- However, the apparent normal induction of germinal centers is followed by their rapid and global collapse in multiple lymphoid organs by day 45. (canlyme.com)
- Image of a mouse lymphoid germinal center stained with TCFL5 (red) or Bcl6, a marker of the germinal center (green), upon activation with SRBC. (uam.es)
- Lymphoid aggregates and germinal centers can be observed in both the surrounding tissues and the walls of the lesion. (medscape.com)
Lymphocytes3
- What we have found is that a class of infection-fighting white blood cells, called B lymphocytes, make their way to affected joints where they set up structures called germinal centres. (thenakedscientists.com)
- Latest studies analyzing the part of Vav family members proteins, including Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3, in lymphocytes possess revealed their important function to hyperlink lymphocyte antigen receptor activation to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. (neighborhoodhousecharterschool.org)
- At the center of the follicles is an area called germinal centers that predominantly host B-lymphocytes while the remaining cells of the cortex are T-lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Disease Control and Prevention1
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies8
- Germinal centers are an important part of the B cell humoral immune response, acting as central factories for the generation of affinity matured B cells specialized in producing improved antibodies that effectively recognize antigen (e.g. infectious agents), and for the production of long-lived plasma cells and durable memory B cells. (wikipedia.org)
- High affinity antigen-specific antibodies develop from B cells within the germinal center (GC) reaction. (usda.gov)
- Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)
- In addition, these antibodies can also mediate several host effector functions. (researchsquare.com)
- These function as antibody factories, producing antibodies that then attack the joint tissue," says Pitzalis. (thenakedscientists.com)
- This shows that the germinal centres are sufficient to produce the antibodies directly in the joint," Pitzalis explains. (thenakedscientists.com)
- The germinal centre (GC) response is characterized by regulated production of high affinity, class-switched antibodies in response to T-cell dependent antigens. (sustech.edu.cn)
- The T cell-dependent (TD) antibody response involves the generation of high affinity, immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switched antibodies that are generated through germinal center (GC) response. (sustech.edu.cn)
Impairs3
- Wiens, GD, Brown, M & Rittenberg, MB 2003, ' Repertoire shift in the humoral response to phosphocholine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin: V H somatic mutation in germinal center B cells impairs T15 Ig function ', Journal of Immunology , vol. 170, no. 10, pp. 5095-5102. (elsevierpure.com)
- Early activation of Ampk by pharmacological means also has little impact on B cell function, although treatment with the biguanide Phenformin critically impairs germinal center formation and class switch recombination in vivo, but does not significantly impair antigen-specific antibody responses. (nih.gov)
- A shortage of DOCK8 protein impairs normal immune cell development and function. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations5
- More than half of the cases displayed BCL-6 gene mutations, which usually occurred along with functioning somatic IgV(H) gene mutations and Bcl-6 and/or MUM1/IRF4 expression. (nih.gov)
- These mutations occur in a pattern consistent with loss of function. (duke.edu)
- Thirty four percent of the V H 1 clones and 37% of the Vκ22 clones contained somatic mutations indicating participation in the germinal center response. (elsevierpure.com)
- Both gain-of-function EZH2 mutations and inactivating histone acetyltransferases mutations, such as CREBBP and EP300, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of germinal center (GC) derived lymphomas. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
- Given the prevalence of EZH2 mutations and HAT mutations in germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the rational combination of EZH2 inhibition and HDAC inhibition was explored. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Immunology4
- Five Helmholtz Centers are joining forces in a new initiative that aims to advance immunology research and the development of new therapies. (mdc-berlin.de)
- The initiative entitled "Immunology & Inflammation" brings together immunology research - which is spread out over various Helmholtz Centers - in a common structure. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Recently, our lab showed that Lkb1, a previously unstudied kinase in B cell immunology and the main upstream kinase of Ampk, had a critical and unexpected role in B cell activation and germinal center formation. (nih.gov)
- Välkommen till MTCs infektions- och immunologiseminarium, måndagen den 10 oktober kl 13.00 med Anna Shcherbina, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Moskva. (ki.se)
Humoral3
- Adjuvants formulated with a TLR9 agonist, CpG-2722, with various cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that are STING agonists increased germinal center B cell response and elicited humoral immune responses in immunized mice. (ijbs.com)
- Histological and flow cytometric examination of germinal centers, birthplaces of long-term humoral immunity, demonstrate their induction within 2 weeks of a primary infection and the presence of germinal center follicular helper T and B cells. (canlyme.com)
- they are primarily found in germinal centers (GCs) where their interaction with B cells supports humoral immune responses and efficient antibody production. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibody responses1
- When immunized intravenously without adjuvant, B7-2-deficient mice failed to switch antibody isotypes or form germinal centers, whereas B7-1-deficient mice gave antibody responses comparable with wild-type mice. (nih.gov)
Follicles1
- These follicles, having true germinal centers, are similar to the follicles of the spleen and lymph nodes. (medscape.com)
Follicular2
- The dark zone of the germinal center is proximal to the T cell zone in the lymph node, and it consists of GC B cells and reticular cells that resemble follicular dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The Role of CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV Infection: From the Germinal Center to the Periphery. (ox.ac.uk)
Lymphatic2
- The white pulp, consisting of periarterial lymphatic sheaths and germinal centers, acts as an immune organ. (msdmanuals.com)
- Moreover, lymphatic malformations are generally treated in tertiary and quaternary medical centers, distorting any view of their true incidence. (medscape.com)
Somatic1
- Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes . (bvsalud.org)
IgG2a2
- Mice deficient in both B7-1 and B7-2 failed to generate antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a responses and lacked germinal centers when immunized by a number of routes and even in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. (nih.gov)
- A booster vaccination with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol resulted in a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response in animals primed with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol but increased only IgG2a titers in animals that received the combination adjuvant during prime vaccination, suggesting that class switching events in germinal centres during the prime vaccination contribute to the outcome of booster vaccination. (researchsquare.com)
Reaction1
- B cell receptor activation results in the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway, which is essential for the initiation of the germinal center reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Subsets3
- She currently works in Dr. Marc Jenkins' lab as a PhD candidate, investigating the role of CD4 + T cell subsets in germinal center and memory B cell formation and isotype switching. (stemcell.com)
- I am also interested in identifying how each of these subsets contribute to different aspects of the B cell response, such as the formation of plasma cells, germinal center B cells and memory B cells. (stemcell.com)
- Because T cell function and subsets are suggested to become unaltered in Vav2? (neighborhoodhousecharterschool.org)
20233
- There is this phenomenon of premature aging of the immune system," said Cornelia Weyand, PhD, director of the Center for Translational Medicine at Stanford University, Stanford, California, at the German Rheumatology Congress 2023 in Leipzig, Germany. (medscape.com)
- The RNA-binding protein hnRNP F is required for the germinal center B cell response[J]. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS,2023,14(1). (sustech.edu.cn)
- 2023).The RNA-binding protein hnRNP F is required for the germinal center B cell response. (sustech.edu.cn)
Responses4
- Mice with augmented TFR cell responses had markedly higher levels of peanut-specific IgE, revealing an active helper function on antigen-specific IgE by TFR cells. (usda.gov)
- Mice lacking only B7-1 or B7-2 mounted high-titer antigen-specific IgG responses when immunized in complete Freund's adjuvant, indicating that B7-1 and B7-2 can have overlapping, compensatory functions for IgG responses. (nih.gov)
- The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of memory IgE responses are poorly understood, and the role played by germinal center (GC) IgE+ cells in memory responses is particularly unclear. (tropmedres.ac)
- The expanded targeting cell populations, the increased germinal center B cell response, and reshaped T helper responses are the molecular bases for the cooperative adjuvant effect of the combination of TLR9 and STING agonists. (ijbs.com)
Lymphomas1
- GNA13 is the most frequently mutated gene in germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell lymphomas, including nearly a quarter of Burkitt lymphoma and GC-derived diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (duke.edu)
Structures1
- They are also involved in the assembly and function of microtubule-based structures such as CILIA and CENTRIOLES. (bvsalud.org)
BCL61
- The initiation of germinal center formation involves the interaction between B and T cells in the interfollicular area of the lymph node, CD40-CD40L ligation, NF-kB signaling and expression of IRF4 and BCL6. (wikipedia.org)
Lymphoma2
- The present study supports the concept that a sizable fraction of cases of this lymphoma are from activated germinal center or postgerminal center cells. (nih.gov)
- Scholars@Duke publication: GNA13 loss in germinal center B cells leads to impaired apoptosis and promotes lymphoma in vivo. (duke.edu)
Gene1
- The MDC's participating research groups bring a broad range of technological expertise to the initiative - ranging from biochemical assays, structure and function analysis, and gene editing to the development of preclinical mouse models, GMP production, and even clinical trials. (mdc-berlin.de)
Thymus2
- From that point on, the thymus gland, which reaches peak function at 14-15 years old, plays an increasingly minor role. (medscape.com)
- Germinal center reactions are established during a thymus -dependent immune response . (bvsalud.org)
Immunization1
- The precursors of germinal center B cells start to expand four days following immunization and polarize into dark zones and light zones a week after immunization. (wikipedia.org)
Mutation1
- In this issue of Cancer Discovery , Dominguez and colleagues report their findings on the mechanistic link between TET2 mutation and germinal center (GC) B-cell transformation (3). (aacrjournals.org)
Spleen1
- In this study, we use immunohistochemistry and single germinal center microdissection to locate T15 Id + cells in the spleen in a primary response to PC-KLH. (elsevierpure.com)
Antigen-prese2
- the latter are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that function as memory cells interacting with type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
- Likewise B cells function as crucial antigen presenting cells in autoimmune diseases that are traditionally viewed as T cell mediated. (hindawi.com)
Expression1
- A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
Tumor2
- The tumor suppressor kinase LKB1 and germinal center kinases (GCKs) are key regulators of various cellular functions. (rcsb.org)
- Through the National Center for Tumor Diseases, a joint venture between the DKFZ, Heidelberg University Hospital, and German Cancer Fund, the DKFZ has access to patients for research from bench to bedside and back. (mdc-berlin.de)
Involves2
- The helper function of TFR cells involves the production of IL-10. (usda.gov)
- The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
Vivo2
- These results demonstrate that B7-mediated signaling plays a critical role in germinal center formation and immunoglobulin class switching in vivo. (nih.gov)
- These results define immunological functions for vFLIP in vivo and reveal what we believe to be a novel viral-mediated tumorigenic mechanism involving B cell reprogramming. (jci.org)
Mice1
- Mice showed MCD-like abnormalities and immunological defects including lack of germinal centers (GCs), impaired Ig class switching, and affinity maturation. (jci.org)
Affinity1
- 2018. Precursor Frequency and Affinity Determine B Cell Competitive Fitness in Germinal Centers, Tested with Germline-Targeting HIV Vaccine Immunogens. (bu.edu)
Formation1
- Together our data demonstrate that Bb infection suppresses the development of long-lived antibody production and immunological memory formation and indicates that Bb may achieve this by suppressing the function and/or causing the rapid and global collapse of germinal centers. (canlyme.com)
Class1
- Class switch recombination occurs during the germinal center initiation phase. (wikipedia.org)
Undergo2
- As they undergo rapid and mutative cellular division, B cells of the germinal center's dark zone are known as centroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- They are larger than the cells in the light zone of the germinal center and are more proliferative (i.e. undergo more cell division). (wikipedia.org)
Role2
- Title: The role of the neuronal epigenome in brain function. (ki.se)
- This protein plays a critical role in the survival and function of several types of immune system cells, including T cells, NK cells, and B cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Adaptive1
- The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
Translational Medicine1
- David Fajgenbaum, MD, MBA, MSc, FCPP, is an Associate Professor of Medicine in Translational Medicine & Human Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania, Founding Director of the Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory (CSTL), Associate Director, Patient Impact of the Penn Orphan Disease Center, and Co-Founder/President of the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN). (upenn.edu)
Receptor3
- It also functions as a cellular uptake receptor for Epstein-Barr virus. (rndsystems.com)
- Secreted autoantibodies specific to receptors or receptor ligands can activate or inhibit receptor functions. (hindawi.com)
- CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output. (bvsalud.org)
Infection1
- HIV infection impacts the TFh response with evidence of aberrant TFh function observed in acute and chronic infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Suppressor1
- Loss of TFR cells led to a marked increase in non-specific IgE levels, showing that TFR cells have both helper and suppressor functions on IgE production in the GC that work together to facilitate the production of antigen-specific IgE. (usda.gov)
Critical1
- DOCK8 is critical for the survival and function of NKT cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal1
- The germinal center is key to the generation of a normal immune response. (medscape.com)
Production1
- CONCLUSIONS: Lung function loss and BADE were associated with production work. (cdc.gov)
Structure1
- Through its function as a GEF, the DOCK8 protein helps maintain the structure and integrity of T cells and NK cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Autoimmune diseases1
- The increased occurrence of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases is not due to a loss of function, but rather to newly gained, undesired functions. (medscape.com)
Generation1
- The function of TFR cells in the generation of food antigen-specific IgE are not well understood. (usda.gov)
Lack1
- thus loss of T15 dominance is not due to lack of T15 cells within germinal centers. (elsevierpure.com)
Findings1
- Physical examination showed findings treatment with the resultant loss of hormo- of mild lower abdominal tenderness on nal function and fertility. (who.int)
Treatment1
- The benefits of IVIG treatment include its availability in all treatment centers and its ease of administration in an outpatient setting. (nursingcenter.com)