AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Malformations of Cortical DevelopmentEpilepsyFrontal LobeHemispherectomyEpilepsies, PartialCerebral CortexNervous System MalformationsGangliogliomaMagnetic Resonance ImagingAnterior Temporal LobectomyFlurothylElectroencephalographyFibrous Dysplasia of BoneNeoplasms, NeuroepithelialSpasms, InfantileEpilepsy, Frontal LobeBrain DiseasesMethylazoxymethanol AcetateFrontal SinusMeningesDandy-Walker SyndromeEpilepsy, Tonic-ClonicSeizuresFrontal BoneEctodermal DysplasiaCerebellar CortexAgenesis of Corpus CallosumTuberous SclerosisNeocortexBronchopulmonary DysplasiaNeurosurgical ProceduresBone Diseases, DevelopmentalCerebellar DiseasesChoristomaSclerosisBrainTemporal LobeEpilepsy, Temporal LobeUterine Cervical DysplasiaHamartomaFibromuscular DysplasiaBrain MappingOsteochondrodysplasiasPyramidal CellsFibrous Dysplasia, MonostoticFibrous Dysplasia, PolyostoticNeuronsFrontal SinusitisHip Dysplasia, CanineCleidocranial DysplasiaRetinal DysplasiaRetrospective StudiesTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonBrain NeoplasmsHip Dislocation, CongenitalThanatophoric DysplasiaTreatment OutcomeDisease Models, AnimalInfant, NewbornFollow-Up StudiesInterneuronsBarrett EsophagusEctodermal Dysplasia 1, AnhidroticAnimals, NewbornHippocampusExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular DysplasiaNerve Tissue ProteinsSepto-Optic DysplasiaRats, Sprague-DawleyFunctional LateralityCampomelic DysplasiaNeuropsychological TestsImage Processing, Computer-AssistedParietal LobeDentin DysplasiaMetaplasiaPrefrontal CortexHypohidrosisReaction TimeDwarfism
MalformationsEpilepsyLobesLobe seizuresNeuronal migrationParietalPolymicrogyriaSeizuresFibrous dysplasiaEtiologyAxialAbnormalRight frontalLesionsCoronalModality of choiceBilateralLesionTemporal lobeCerebralHeterotopiaAbnormalityBoneCortexEpilepticAbnormalitiesDetectSeptum pellucidumTypeLeftClinicalDisordersAnteriorAbsenceGrownSpikesBonesBrainAppearance
Malformations4
  • Gray matter heterotopia are common malformations of cortical development known as neuronal migration disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • These locations and the identification ofseveral familial cases raise the possibility that genetic mechanisms influence the developmentof these malformations in some patients.In the past 12 years, our knowledge about malfor- polymicrogyria have generally been consideredmations of cortical development has grown tremen- sporadic, although some familial cases have beendously. (fliphtml5.com)
  • MRI brain provides much needed structural information- uncovers gliosis, cortical malformations etc. (kokilabenhospital.com)
  • All infants had brain abnormalities on neuroimaging consistent with congenital Zika syndrome, including decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, subcortical calcifications, and cortical malformations. (cdc.gov)
Epilepsy12
  • Frontal lobe epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures arising from the frontal lobes. (medscape.com)
  • However, she stayed in the hospital for over a week, steven asked for further tests and was finally able to catch seizures on an EEG, therefore was able to make a diagnosis - Frontal Lobe Epilepsy. (gofundme.com)
  • CAUTION some focal cortical dysplasias may be difficult to detect, but detection is important as epilepsy surgery can cure intractable seizures that arise from focal cortical dysplasias. (epilepsydiagnosis.org)
  • Objetive: To study the neuropsychological disturbances in children with Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE) and the effects of clinical variables, which define this type of epilepsy. (ucm.es)
  • A major role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA2 in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is unlikely. (cdc.gov)
  • A novel mutation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA4 in sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
  • The identification of a novel mutation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNB2 in a Chinese patient: Its possible implication in non-familial nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutational analysis of CHRNB2 and CHRNA2 genes in southern Chinese population with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy]. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical features and mutation analysis of CHRNA4 gene for families and sporadic cases affected with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy]. (cdc.gov)
  • Germline and somatic mutations in the MTOR gene in focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
  • Disorganization of language and working memory systems in frontal versus temporal lobe epilepsy. (neurotree.org)
  • We review the available evidence for the use of neurostimulation to treat pediatric epilepsy, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). (mdpi.com)
Lobes5
  • The features of seizures may suggest whether they begin in the frontal or temporal lobes. (symptoma.com)
  • Seizures may begin in infancy through adulthood, are partially localized usually in the temporal or frontal lobes and do not cause loss of consciousness. (amedes-genetics.de)
  • Following the partial removal of his right parietal lobe, and complete removal of his right occipital and temporal lobes, his intracranial EEG of his frontal lobe (the only lobe left) had changed. (aaatobabyz.com)
  • This is due to the fast propagation of the frontal lobe seizures to the other areas of the brain for the extensive inter and intrahemisferic connections of the frontal lobes. (ucm.es)
  • The findings included micrencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia in occipitotemporal lobes, cortical dysgenesis resembling polymicrogyria in dorsolateral frontal lobes, hippocampal malrotation, callosal hypoplasia, superiorly rotated cerebellum with small vermis, and lumbosacral hydromyelia. (biomedcentral.com)
Lobe seizures1
Neuronal migration2
  • This reiterated the fact that there was likely cortical dysplasia (abnormal neuronal migration), and reaffirmed that we made the right choice in having surgery. (aaatobabyz.com)
  • PMG is believed to result from a developmental disorder or injury that occurs between 17 and 25 or 26 weeks' gestation ( 5 ), toward the end of the period of neuronal migration and the early phase of cortical organization ( 1 ). (ajnr.org)
Parietal6
  • The majority of clefts are posterior frontal or parietal, but temporal or occipital location can occur. (epilepsydiagnosis.org)
  • Both patterns were observed in four patients between 15 months and 2 years of age (ie, pattern 1 in the anterior frontal region and pattern 2 in the posterior frontal, parietal, or perisylvian regions). (ajnr.org)
  • RESULTS: Analysis revealed six patients with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria, nine withbilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral parietal polymicrogyria, one with bi-lateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, two with bilateral frontal polymicrogyriaand bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral perisylvian and bilateral parasagit-tal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, and one with bilateral perisylvian, bilateral parieto-occip-ital, and bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria. (fliphtml5.com)
  • 4 The rhomboid-shaped anterior fontanel, located at the juncture of the two parietal and two frontal bones, is the most prominent. (aafp.org)
  • The frontal bone flattens, the occipital bone is pulled outward, and the parietal bones override. (aafp.org)
  • Watanabe K, Kadohisa M, Kusunoki M , Buckley MJ , Duncan J . Cycles of goal silencing and reactivation underlie complex problem-solving in primate frontal and parietal cortex. (neurotree.org)
Polymicrogyria5
  • Brain Imaging The most common cortical malformation in megalencephaly is perisylvian polymicrogyria that looks very similar to perisylvian polymicrogyria in patients with normal or small head size. (symptoma.com)
  • Schizencephaly is an uncommon malformation of cortical development that results in a cleft, lined by polymicrogyria , that extends from the ependyma of the ventricles to the pia mater. (epilepsydiagnosis.org)
  • During the review of MR studies of multiple patients with polymicrogyria (PMG), it was noted that the patterns of cortical abnormality differed significantly among affected patients. (ajnr.org)
  • Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a malformation of cortical development characterized by excessive small and prominent convolutions separated by shallow sulci, giving the cortical surface and cortical-white matter junction an irregular appearance ( 1 - 4 ). (ajnr.org)
  • These include developmental, neurologic, and epileptic histories.bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (4, 16-18), bi- It was hoped that a better understanding of the lo-lateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria cations involved might aid in determining whether(19, 20), and bilateral frontal polymicrogyria (R.G., these malformations are the result of genetic influ-unpublished observations). (fliphtml5.com)
Seizures2
  • Time of day is an important characteristic for seizures originating in the frontal lobe, as the majority of these seizures occur between the hours of 2 am and noon. (medscape.com)
  • In children, and especially in patients with focal cortical dysplasia, these untreated seizures can have serious impact on the developing brain, leading to mental disability. (lu.se)
Fibrous dysplasia9
  • Fibrous dysplasia is most likely, with simple bone cyst less likely. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone-forming mesenchyme that manifests as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. (medscape.com)
  • McCune-Albright syndrome features polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, often unilateral, with skin pigmentation lesions and endocrine dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • In fibrous dysplasia, the features on a bone scan are nonspecific for diagnostic purposes. (medscape.com)
  • Image shows homogeneous loss of the normal trabecular pattern in the shaft of the humerus, with a ground-glass appearance caused by fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • this finding is consistent with fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • T1-weighted axial MR scan showing low signal within the shaft of right femur in a patient with fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • The usual appearance of fibrous dysplasia includes a lucent lesion in the diaphysis or metaphysis, with endosteal scalloping and with or without bone expansion and the absence of periosteal reaction. (medscape.com)
  • 2 , 4 , 6 Recent studies have shown it to be a genetically separate entity from fibrous dysplasia, 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 of which it was initially thought to be a subset. (sajr.org.za)
Etiology1
  • Patients with FLE, whose baseline etiology is a Focal Cortical Dysplasia of extension greater than 3 cm, and located in Orbitofrontal and Dorsolateral regions, are the ones that have significantly lower cognitive performance. (ucm.es)
Axial1
  • A) The axial view of the T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence with the left temporo-polar dysplasia and the ipsilateral enophthalmos, and (B) the coronal view of T1 sequence of the left frontal cortal dysplasia. (j-epilepsy.org)
Abnormal2
  • Ideally we would have seen NO abnormal electrical activity of the frontal lobe, as our hope was that the seizure-generating tissue lied within the posterior (back) portion of his right hemisphere. (aaatobabyz.com)
  • It IS possible then, that as his right frontal lobe stops receiving impulses from the now non-existent brain behind it, it too will stop propagating abnormal impulses. (aaatobabyz.com)
Right frontal3
  • Perfusion-weighted imaging clearly shows focal cortical-subcortical cerebral blood flow increase in the right frontal eye field area, correlating with the ictal epileptic activity. (jle.com)
  • A video-electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed epileptiform discharges with spikes and sharp waves over the right frontal area (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epileptiform discharges with sharp wave (marked with a red circle) over the right frontal area were revealed. (biomedcentral.com)
Lesions2
  • The FD lesions usually cause cortical thinning because of enlarged fibro-osseous masses. (medscape.com)
  • The melanin in these lesions is produced within neurons and glia rather than melanocytes, and there are subtle signs of focal cortical dysplasia within these lesions. (medscape.com)
Coronal1
  • There is a regional area of gyral expansion in the left inferior frontal lobe, with increased signal in the underlying white matter on T2-weighted imaging (with a central dark core) that is radially-orientated, tapering towards the lateral ventricle (with the 'tail' seen on the second coronal image, arrow). (epilepsydiagnosis.org)
Modality of choice1
Bilateral3
  • We present a case of a 1-year-old Hispanic girl with TSC in which bilateral cortical blindness is documented. (symptoma.com)
  • Radiograph of the mandible demonstrating diffuse bone expansion with extensive, bilateral, cystic multilocular lucencies with a soap-bubble appearance and associated endosteal scalloping, cortical thinning and malpositioning of teeth. (sajr.org.za)
  • Frontal (a) and lateral (b) three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography scans demonstrating diffuse, bilateral, expansile, multilocular lucencies in the mandible, with a soap-bubble appearance. (sajr.org.za)
Lesion6
  • Brain MRI revealed a solitary juxtacortical demyelinating lesion in the left frontal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain MRI revealed a fainter lesion in the left frontal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • a left frontal juxtacortical lesion after brain MRI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain MRI revealed a left frontal unenhanced juxtacortical demyelinating lesion (Fig. 1 a, left and middle). (biomedcentral.com)
  • u003c/p\u003e","gb":"\u003cp\u003eThe proximal humeral metaphysis and visualised portion of the proximal diaphysis demonstrate a well-defined lesion with minimal trabeculation, cortical thinning and areas of varying density that appear somewhat ground-glass in nature. (radiopaedia.org)
  • There is moderate medial angulation and lateral offset of the primary oblique fracture, with multiple smaller comminuted fragments of thin cortical bone, making the lesion appear more cystic in nature. (radiopaedia.org)
Temporal lobe1
Cerebral3
  • 1. Sener R. Septo-Optic Dysplasia Associated with Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia (Cortico-Septo-Optic Dysplasia). (radiopaedia.org)
  • According to available MRI data from 20 reported cases with PCH6, the characteristic finding in MRI was pontocerebellar dysplasia or progressive cerebral/pontocerebellar atrophy in 16 cases, while 4 cases did not present pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and no basal ganglia involvement was observed in any of the cases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Progressive loss of cerebral white matter and cortical volume were common features shared by all patients. (spandidos-publications.com)
Heterotopia1
  • Grey matter heterotopia is characterized as a type of focal cortical dysplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormality1
  • Myla is becoming drug intolerant and the only way moving forward is for Myla to have brain surgery to remove the abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain. (gofundme.com)
Bone2
  • Our results establish a previously unreported SBD entity (craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type) and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of BMP signaling and bone formation. (nature.com)
  • The osteomas are most common in the frontal bone and mandible. (bvsalud.org)
Cortex3
  • and pattern 2, a bumpy cortex that appeared abnormally thick (6-8 mm) and had an irregular cortical-white matter junction in seven patients older than18 months. (ajnr.org)
  • however, we performed MR imaging in several patients in whom the cortex had small, fine, and undulating gyri, very similar to the undulating cortical ribbon of PMG described by pathologists. (ajnr.org)
  • Experimental reduction of Foxp2 in the cortex of embryonic mice through either shRNA or overexpression of the dominant negative KE form of FoxP2 repressed the transition from radial precursor to immediate neuronal progenitor, resulting in decreased cortical neurogenesis (Tsui, Vessey, Tomita, Kaplan, & Miller, 2013). (comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org)
Epileptic1
Abnormalities1
  • 13 A computed tomographic (CT) scan can detect a fused suture, dilated ventricles, enlarged subarachnoid space, brain size, or an intracranial or extracranial mass. 14 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect cortical and white-matter abnormalities, such as degenerative diseases, and document the extent of calvarial masses. (aafp.org)
Detect1
Septum pellucidum1
  • Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) , also known as de Morsier syndrome , is a condition characterized by optic nerve hypoplasia and absence of the septum pellucidum and, in two-thirds of patients hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction . (radiopaedia.org)
Type3
  • [ 1 ] A frontal lobe seizure is often the seizure type most difficult to diagnose as it can be easily mistaken for a parasomnia or nonepileptic event. (medscape.com)
  • 27th of October Myla was diagnosed with Cortical dysplasia type 2. (gofundme.com)
  • The imaging features FCD type II, can be identical to that of a cortical tuber . (epilepsydiagnosis.org)
Left5
  • EEG showed left frontal continuous epileptiform activities (Fig. 1 a, right). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before treatment, T2WI and FLAIR ( a , left and middle) showed a left frontal juxtacortical high signal intensity (upper arrows). (biomedcentral.com)
  • EEG ( a , right) revealed continuous 1.5 Hz spike wave complexes over the left frontal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A repeat EEG showed diffuse beta waves without previous left frontal epileptiform activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MRI brain showed a focal cortical dysplasia over the left precentral gyrus (Figure 2). (kokilabenhospital.com)
Clinical1
Disorders1
  • More broadly, our results suggest that specific genetic disorders may cause distinct forms of cortical dysgenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Anterior1
  • The anterior or frontal horn is located anterior to the interventricular foramen. (medscape.com)
Absence1
  • Endosteal scalloping, cortical thinning and areas of cortical absence are also observed. (sajr.org.za)
Grown1
  • We should keep in mind however, that because his posterior brain has been seizing so repeatedly for the last three months, his frontal lobe has grown rather accustomed to receiving and perpetuating chaotic impulses. (aaatobabyz.com)
Spikes1
Bones1
  • Except for the metopic suture between the frontal bones, which closes at two years of age, the sutures remain open until brain growth ceases in the second decade of life. (aafp.org)
Brain1
  • Viewing ambiguous social interactions increases functional connectivity between frontal and temporal nodes of the social brain. (neurotree.org)
Appearance1
  • Cortical thinning, widened sutures, and a beaten-metal appearance known as "thumbprinting" are associated with increased intracranial pressure. (aafp.org)