The neuromuscular synapse contains two rows of vesicles with a long proteinaceous band between them that is connected to regularly spaced horizontal ribs extending perpendicular to the band and parallel with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
These mechanisms work to control the rare triggering of vesicle fusion in the frog neuromuscular junction from each of the tens of thousands of individual release sites at this large model synapse. (nebraska.edu)
We developed healthy and diseased frog and mouse neuromuscular synapse models. (aps.org)
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a tripartite synapse comprised of an α-motor neuron (the presynapse), extrafusal muscle fiber (the postsynapse), and specialized synaptic glia called perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) or terminal Schwann cells. (elifesciences.org)
1996). This preparation, the calyx of Held synapse in rodents, is now recognized as a gold model of mammalian central synapse, after frog neuromuscular junction and squid giant synapse. (oist.jp)
A neuro-muscular junction is a chemical synapse formed at the intersection of a motor neuron and a muscle fibre. (naturphilosophie.co.uk)
Adult frog neuromuscular junction1
Here we used a combination of pharmacological calcium channel block, high-resolution calcium imaging, postsynaptic recording, and 3D Monte Carlo reaction-diffusion simulations in the adult frog neuromuscular junction, to show that release of individual synaptic vesicles is predominately triggered by calcium ions entering the nerve terminal through the nearest open calcium channel. (nebraska.edu)
Vertebrate2
Monte Carlo computer simulations of miniature endplate currents showed that for vertebrate neuromuscular junctions with different morphologies, an AChE density of only ∼400 sites μm -2 and a turnover number of only ∼1,000 s -1 are sufficient for normal quantal currents. (huji.ac.il)
Muscle contractions underlie movement: Contractions of skeletal muscles allow vertebrate animals such as this European tree frog ( Hyla arborea ) to move. (naturphilosophie.co.uk)
Xenopus2
In the embryonic stage of the frog Xenopus laevis, the pectoralis muscle fibers are polyneuronally innervated by motor axons from multiple inputs of motoneurons. (usc.edu)
Development of the myotomal neuromuscular junction in Xenopus laevis: an electrophysiological and fine-structural study. (xenbase.org)
Anabsin, an alkaloid extracted from the root of Alangium chinense, exerted a significant neuromuscular blocking effect on isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. (chinaphar.com)
In the crayfish and lobster opener neuromuscular preparations of the walking legs and claws, there are regional differences in synaptic transmission even though the entire muscle is innervated by a single excitatory tonic motor neuron. (biologists.com)
Muscles4
Anabasin showed a depolarizing effect on isolated frog sartorius muscles. (chinaphar.com)
We found in muscles from frog and rat that the increase in interstitial cell number was severalfold (14-fold for frog, sevenfold for rat) greater in the vicinity of junctional sites than in extrajunctional regions. (rupress.org)
Characteristics of the response at the junctional sites of frog muscles are as follows. (rupress.org)
In 1780, Luigi Galvani found that the muscles of useless frogs' legs twitched when struck by an electrical spark. (rxcostore.com)
Synapses2
This approach, which should be applicable to a wide variety of synapses, is applied here to several crustacean neuromuscular junctions. (jneurosci.org)
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of frogs are very essential to study the anatomical changes involving synapses, since synapses at NMJs are easy to access and observe. (usc.edu)
Electron2
Acetylcholinesterase (ACNE) density at the neuromuscular junction of frog cutaneous pectoris muscle was determined by electron microscope autoradiography and biochemistry to be t600 sites μm -2 of postsynaptic area,t4-fold lower than all previous reports (mouse), whereas the hydrolytic turnover number was 9,500 s -1 , well within the range (2,000-16,000 s -1 ) for ACNE from other species. (huji.ac.il)
Electron microscopy of the motor end-plate and the neuromuscular spindle. (xenbase.org)
Muscle4
Since interstitial cells might remodel extracellular matrix, and since extracellular matrix in nerve and muscle plays a direct role in reinnervation of the sites of the original neuromuscular junctions, we sought to determine whether interstitial cell accumulation differs between junctional and extrajunctional regions of denervated muscle. (rupress.org)
The spindle and extrafusal innervation of a frog muscle. (xenbase.org)
Motor myoneural junctions on frog intrafusal muscle fibers. (xenbase.org)
The sequence of events that results in the depolarization of the muscle fibre at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential is initiated in the cell body of a motor neuron. (naturphilosophie.co.uk)
Development1
Development of the neuromuscular spindle. (xenbase.org)
Synaptic2
Effects of testosterone on synaptic efficacy at neuromuscular junctions in a sexually dimorphic muscle of male frogs. (revistasochmedep.cl)
Neuromuscular junction disorders are broadly classified as presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic [9]. (fortuneonline.org)
Acetylcholine7
Meproadifen reaction with the ionic channel of the acetylcholine receptor: potentiation of agonist-induced desensitization at the frog neuromuscular junction. (aspetjournals.org)
C , Cross section of a frog neuromuscular junction reveals three juxtaposed cellular elements: the perisynaptic Schwann cell, nerve terminal (N), and muscle fiber (M). The perisynaptic Schwann cell body (S indicates nucleus) and its processes cap the nerve terminal, but the processes do not wrap around the nerve terminal region facing acetylcholine receptors on muscle. (jneurosci.org)
5. Calcium channel subtypes contributing to acetylcholine release from normal, 4-aminopyridine-treated and myasthenic syndrome auto-antibodies-affected neuromuscular junctions. (nih.gov)
7. Activation of protein kinase C increases acetylcholine release from frog motor nerves by a direct action on L-type Ca(2+) channels and apparently not by depolarisation of the terminal. (nih.gov)
9. Acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions of adult tottering mice is controlled by N-(cav2.2) and R-type (cav2.3) but not L-type (cav1.2) Ca2+ channels. (nih.gov)
The neuromuscular synapse contains two rows of vesicles with a long proteinaceous band between them that is connected to regularly spaced horizontal ribs extending perpendicular to the band and parallel with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Depletion of vesicles from frog neuromuscular junctions by prolonged aim lock stimulation. (puvanameta.com.my)
Neurotransmitter1
The team's work also demonstrated how the different physical arrangements of membrane proteins at these release sites (or active zones), can lead to differences in neurotransmitter release patterns in both frogs and mice. (psc.edu)
Schwann1
In this review, we discuss recent progress in four aspects of axon-Schwann cell interactions, including the roles of the neuregulin1 (NRG1)-erbB signaling pathway, the mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the node of Ranvier, the role of perisynaptic Schwann cells at the neuromuscular junction, and the mechanisms that generate Schwann cell tumors. (jneurosci.org)
Mice1
1. Passive transfer of Lambert-Eaton syndrome to mice induces dihydropyridine sensitivity of neuromuscular transmission. (nih.gov)
Nerve2
Scientists at PSC and the University of Pittsburgh had in earlier work simulated the role of the calcium channels of the nerve-cell membrane in communication between nerve and muscle cells in the frog and mouse. (psc.edu)
Thanks to this encouragement, in 1941 Kuffler was the first to master a dissection that allowed him to isolate a single frog nerve fiber and the muscle it innervated. (mbl.edu)
Model1
She uses Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) as a model because the glutamatergic synapses of the fruit fly and human are highly similar. (nih.gov)