• The anatomy of the parascapular flap allows it to be harvested with a large number of other flaps on a single pedicle, allowing for complex and large reconstructions of composite tissue defects. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The flap may be used for very large defects and requires no muscular sacrifice. (medscape.com)
  • A free fascial graft from the lateral thigh area is ideal for defects that require placement of bulk without lining. (medscape.com)
  • As such, this flap has the ability to cover a variety of large cutaneous or mucosal defects. (medscape.com)
  • In special circumstances, it can be combined with other flaps (such as the fibula or iliac crest), using the "mosaic" principle to provide coverage of extremely large and challenging head and neck defects. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Koshima et al and Kimata first described the use of this flap for reconstruction of head and neck defects. (medscape.com)
  • The lateral thigh flap is indicated for large head and neck defects. (medscape.com)
  • Many imaginative flaps are being proposed to meet precisely the functional requirements of the various defects. (edu.au)
  • K. P. "Osteomyocutaneous Peroneal Artery Perforator Flap for Reconstruction of Composite Maxillary Defects", Head Neck, 28, 297-304 (2006). (sukruyazar.com)
  • In 1854, Hamilton described the cross-leg flap, introducing a new method to repair lower limb defects. (medscape.com)
  • There were analyzed the following data: surgical times, flap and pedicle dimensions, site and etiology of defects. (rbcp.org.br)
  • This flap has gained acceptance in head and neck reconstruction because it has been proven to be a donor site with reliable vascularity, ease of harvest, and extreme versatility. (medscape.com)
  • Sixteen patients undergoing reconstruction using simultaneous free flaps and pedicled regional flaps are presented. (mssm.edu)
  • Mucosal reconstruction was carried out using the soft-tissue component of the free flaps, whereas vascularized bone was used for mandibular reconstruction. (mssm.edu)
  • When planned and applied in a stepwise fashion, simultaneous free flaps and regional flaps are complimentary for the reconstruction of complex wounds in the head and neck. (mssm.edu)
  • Use of the pectoralis major myofascial flap in intraoral reconstruction. (marcopignatti.it)
  • Propeller flaps for leg reconstruction. (marcopignatti.it)
  • Novel Fasciocutaneous Flaps for the Reconstruction of Complicated Lower Extremity Wounds. (marcopignatti.it)
  • In 1973, O'Brien (as well as Daniel and Taylor in 1975) described the first free groin flap for reconstruction of the foot. (medscape.com)
  • While the iliac crest immediately was used for the foot only, in 1983 Taylor first described the reconstruction of the first metatarsal bone by a free fibula flap. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the great variety of flaps, the choice of the most suitable reconstruction remains debated. (medscape.com)
  • This paper describes the versatility of the lateral arm flap in complex reconstruction at Hospital of Clinics of Federal University of Bahia. (rbcp.org.br)
  • The lateral arm flap was reliable and versatile in head and neck and limb reconstruction. (rbcp.org.br)
  • The parascapular flap provides a fasciocutaneous flap with similar characteristics to those of the scapular flap. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The lateral thigh free flap is a fascial or fasciocutaneous flap based on the smaller vessels that extend from the profunda femoris system to the skin. (medscape.com)
  • The anterolateral thigh flap is a fasciocutaneous flap usually based on the musculocutaneous and septocutaneous perforators of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its venae comitantes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The anterolateral thigh flap, first described in 1984 by Song et al, is a fasciocutaneous flap usually based on the musculocutaneous and septocutaneous perforators of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its venae comitantes. (medscape.com)
  • However, due to recent advances made in microvascular surgery, free flap transplantations are being increasingly employed for eye socket reconstructions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The flap can be larger in width than the scapular flap, approaching 15 cm and has been harvested as long as 25 cm. (microsurgeon.org)
  • Scapular Flap -- 6. (nshealth.ca)
  • Dorsalis pedis or forearm flaps that have been used for eye socket repairs can cause disfigurements and/or sensory disturbances, so to avoid both possibilities, we have tried using flaps that permit primary reefing from the scapular region where donor site wound scarring is fairly inconspicuous. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Scapular and parascapular flaps have a thick dermis, so they are less easy to work with than, say, thin, flexible dorsalis pedis or forearm flaps. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In 1976, Harii first transferred a free gracilis flap, and Robinson introduced the dorsalis pedis fasciocutaneous free flap. (medscape.com)
  • In the same year, Song described the lateral arm flap. (medscape.com)
  • The free lateral arm flap has been considered reliable and versatile in many clinical series. (rbcp.org.br)
  • Fifteen microsurgical lateral arm flaps were used in complex reconstructions between February 2003 and June 2007. (rbcp.org.br)
  • Lateral Arm Flap -- 3. (nshealth.ca)
  • Since its first description, the flap has proven to be useful in many head and neck reconstructive situations. (medscape.com)
  • However, so long as remnants of the tipper and lower conjunctival fornices were available, we were able to use hinge-shaped flaps for linings and reconstructions of the upper and lower palpabrae. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The flaps were used in head and neck, superior and inferior limb reconstructions (etiology: trauma and cancer). (rbcp.org.br)
  • The lateral thigh flap is reliable, and it can be dissected easily while the head and neck ablative procedure is in progress. (medscape.com)
  • An image depicting a lateral thigh flap can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • If the flap is elevated deep to the this muscular fascia, the dissection can become confusing and especially difficult around the pedicle where the fascia surrounds the triangular space. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The superior flap includes the triangular space within its border so the pedicle vessel is captured in the flap. (microsurgeon.org)
  • This point is identified by a thickening of the flap with a more sturdy attachment to the subcutaneous fat, and often the vascular pedicle become visible as it pierces the fascia. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The flap offers the advantages of being pliable with a large cutaneous territory, having a lengthy pedicle with good caliber vessels, possessing multiple components (adipofascial, muscle, fascia, and skin), being used as a sensate flap, and having the possibility of chimeric applications. (medscape.com)
  • The flap dimensions ranged from 7X5cm to 16X8.5cm and the pedicle strength ranged from 6 to 10cm. (rbcp.org.br)
  • The elevation of the flap is performed in the areolar fascial layer just above the thick muscular fascia of the back. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The flap is elevated from inferior to superior, superficial to the deep muscular fascia until the triangular space is approached. (microsurgeon.org)
  • As the fascia adjacent to the triangular space is reached, the fascia is entered and elevated with the flap. (microsurgeon.org)
  • In 1984, Lovie described the ulnar flap and Franklin the deltoid, both of which also are suitable for the foot. (medscape.com)
  • Can be incorporated on the subscapular tree to make a chimeric flap. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The latissimus and teres major muscles are important landmarks since flap dissection proceeds from inferior to superior and these are identified early in the dissection. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The flap is elevated from inferior to superior. (microsurgeon.org)
  • In elective situations, the graft may be avoided by pre-expanding the flap site for several months prior to flap elevation. (medscape.com)
  • Regional flaps were used to reconstruct skin of the face and neck. (mssm.edu)
  • In addition, the flap can easily be harvested using a 2-team approach without patient repositioning. (medscape.com)
  • In this manner, free scapular flaps can be inserted into the eye socket as an ocular prosthesis without folding and since the dermis of this flap is thick, firm fixation to the upper and lower orbital rim can be achieved. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The advent of microsurgery in the 1970s and the description by Ponten in 1981 of myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps started a new era in lower limb and foot surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Use of the flap allows primary closure of the defect with minimal aesthetic deformity or functional impact. (medscape.com)
  • A skin and fat flap. (microsurgeon.org)
  • The flap may potentially be split into 2 paddles based on separate perforators, or it can be de-epithelialized to create 2 separate skin islands on the same perforator. (medscape.com)
  • We discuss the favorable results we have obtained by using scapular and parascapular flaps for eye socket repairs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Treatment of Romberg's disease with parascapular free flap and polyethylene porous implants. (marcopignatti.it)
  • In this study we report on our success in using scapular and parascapular flaps for the repair of eye socket deformities. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The superior aspect of the flap is centered over the triangular space, where the circumflex scapular artery nourishes the parascapular flap after it travels through the triangular space. (microsurgeon.org)