Fractures reservoirs conventional. Medical search. Frequent questions

The secondary fracture spacing/aperture has a great influence on flow behavior of multifractured horizontal wells. (hindawi.com)
As of 2012, approximately 85% of shale gas wells in the United States were produced using horizontal wells and multistage fracturing techniques [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The fractal dimension obtained from natural fractures was applied directly to the secondary fracture analysis of fractured horizontal wells, which was widely used to analyze flow behavior influenced by complex fractures in the analytical/semianalytical models [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Conventional drilling with vertical wells was marginally successful in developing the fractured Austin Chalk reservoir. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)
The development of horizontal techniques greatly enhanced the productivity of the wells by intersecting multiple fracture sets. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)
This would be accomplished by (1) demonstrating (in the Appalachian Basin) a unique, non-liquid, non-damaging carbon-dioxide-based fracturing technology, (2) evaluating the results, and (3) comparing them to results from conventionally-fractured shale wells in the same areas. (doe.gov)
The project demonstrated the technology's effectiveness in stimulating production from fractured shale reservoirs, which are liquid sensitive, and comparing the results with those from conventionally fractured shale wells in the same areas. (doe.gov)
Gathered 5-year cumulative production data from demonstration wells and control wells and performed comparative analysis to quantify effectiveness of new CO2/sand fracturing technology for different areas of the Appalachian Basin. (doe.gov)
Unconventional U.S. oil production, which extracts oil from shales and tight rocks using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells, has been linked to an increase in human-induced earthquakes across the mid-continent of the United States for nearly a decade. (seismosoc.org)
Fracking has increased drilling, however, because many wells would not be drilled at all if they could not be fractured. (perc.org)
Unlike the conventional systems that exist only in areas of volcanic activity, the unconventional resources involve drilling down thousands of meters below the surface, injecting water into rock to open natural fractures or sustain reservoir fluid pressure, and extracting heated water from production wells. (europa.eu)
W3H methodology provides fast-track AI-aided physics-inspired solutions based on historical wells' performance with existing subsurface reservoir and fluid descriptions and hydraulic fracture geometries and flow properties. (ku.edu)
The productivity of fractured wells in Tight-Gas formations remains frequently behind the forecasts. (dgmk.de)
Therefore, this research work focuses on the following: (i) the investigation of the potential and the deficits of conventional reservoir simulators, (ii) the simulation of fractured wells in low-permeability formations and (iii) the further development of available standard software with derivation of applicative modelling practices. (dgmk.de)
Two main issues emerge in the case of modeling hydraulically fractured wells: (i) the simulation of the Clean-Up period and (ii) the simulation of the long-term behaviour, the so called post-fracturing period. (dgmk.de)
Within the framework of the investigations turned out, that (i) the geomechanical dependency on reservoir- and fracture-parameters on the effective stress as well as (ii) the initial saturation conditions and the gas-water functions for the tight sandstone are major factors of influence for fractured wells in low-permeability reservoirs. (dgmk.de)
Whereas it would've taken several vertical wells to contact and drain a particular reservoir, it can now be done with considerably fewer wells, thereby also decreasing the footprint on the surface of the earth. (venergymomentum.com)
While the technique of hydraulic fracturing is quite similar in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, drilling in unconventional formations has unique conditions not typical of conventionally completed wells. (watershedcouncil.org)
This dissertation investigates the following aspects of waterflooding: (i) the filtration of solids and oil-in-water emulsions in fractured and unfractured injection wells, (ii) the generation and filtration of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion droplets in the near-well region or in the fracture, (iii) the height-growth and containment of injection-induced fractures, and (iv) the stress reorientation induced by water injection when waterflooding reservoirs. (ndltd.org)
155 On a daily basis, however, CBM wells typically do not produce as much gas as conventional wells. (energyjustice.net)
156 In most regions of the U.S., coalbed methane wells produce between 100 and 500 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) per day, while the average conventional well in the lower 48 states produces approximately 1.7 million cubic feet (MMcf) per day. (energyjustice.net)
The amount of water produced from most CBM wells is relatively high compared to conventional gas wells because coal beds contain many fractures and pores that can contain and move large amounts of water. (energyjustice.net)
CBM wells are drilled with techniques similar to those used for conventional wells. (energyjustice.net)
As with conventional gas wells, hydraulic fracturing is used as a primary means of stimulating gas flow in CBM wells. (energyjustice.net)

He currently specializes in well integrity, production optimization and through casing reservoir characterization for various Chevron operations worldwide, consulting on all stages of cased hole logging operations from planning and execution to interpretation and results diagnostic. (spwla.org)
Furthermore, as a shale play, conventional reservoir characterization methods, such as porosity alone, do not characterize the Bakken's subsurface adequately enough to make development and production decisions. (worldoil.com)
Application of the improved seismic AVAZ inversion method for fracture characterization of a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin. (sjdz.org.cn)

The improvements achieved with the new methods are demonstrated through comparative analyses with conventional methods in the Bossier and Haynesville shales. (onepetro.org)
The Austin Chalk reservoir is described as tight, fossiliferous, fractured limestone interbedded with shales and marls. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)
The technology holds promise for stimulating liquid-sensitive reservoirs such as Devonian fractured shales. (doe.gov)
In the extraction of oil from oil shales, intense heat is used to break down a waxy organic matter called kerogen that is contained in the shale and thereby release liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons similar to those found in conventional petroleum . (britannica.com)
examples would include fractured 'basement', 'tight' sandstones, shales, coal beds, hydrates - in fact anything other than good poroperm sandstones or carbonates. (findingpetroleum.com)

There are many carbonate reservoirs in US (and the world) with light oil and fracture pressure below its minimum miscibility pressure (or reservoir may be naturally fractured). (unt.edu)
Many carbonate reservoirs are naturally fractured. (unt.edu)
In his previous assignments, Yegor supported active drilling campaign and major capital IOR projects and has rich cross-discipline operational experience with well planning, drilling and completion, workover, production optimization and stimulation, reservoir surveillance, modeling and simulation in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. (spwla.org)
Secondary oil recovery projects in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs (NFR) often introduce uncertainties and challenges that are not common to conventional waterflood. (spwla.org)
This paper describes the design, execution and evaluation of the Log-Soak-Log (LSL) pilot test conducted in a giant naturally fractured carbonate reservoir with tight matrix in Western Kazakhstan, where repeatable and reliable measurements of water saturation change were achieved across large intervals (tens of meters) using a time-lapsed pulse neutron logging technique. (spwla.org)
For example, a low permeability rock that is naturally fractured is conventional but the exact same rock not fractured by nature is unconventional. (questerre.com)
We were originally looking for naturally fractured rock and there is plenty of that in the Quebec Utica. (questerre.com)

In order to extract oil and gas from such rocks, an artificial medium of proppant (sand) is created within the fractures using controlled explosions followed by the pumping of fracturing fluids at high pressures. (aiche.org)
When stimulation fluids are injected into the formation, they take the path that offers the least resistance i.e., they penetrate areas with open flow paths, like perforations, fractures, natural fissures, wormholes, or vuggy zones. (worldoil.com)
To maximize the zonal coverage of the stimulation fluids, existing fluid paths and/or higher permeability areas or natural fractures must be temporarily sealed, enabling the treatment fluid to uniformly penetrate across the zone. (worldoil.com)
The controlling parameters for enhancing the production efficiency are the fracture network, distribution of stimulation fluids i.e., zonal coverage enhancement, high displacement efficiency, and uniform and effective diversion. (worldoil.com)
Once the fractures are created, the fluids and gases in the formation flow more freely through the fractures and into the wellbore casing for recovery to the surface. (justia.com)
Since the presence of fractures significantly impacts the flow behavior of subterranean fluids and gases, it is important to accurately model or simulate the geometry of the fractures in order to determine their influence on well performance and production optimization. (justia.com)
However, experimental observations have shown that different fracturing fluids yield variations in the induced fracture. (psu.edu)
During the hydraulic fracturing process, fracturing fluids will penetrate into the borehole wall, and the evolution of the fracture(s) then results from the coupled phenomena of fluid flow, solid deformation and damage. (psu.edu)
We investigate the fracturing processes driven by pressurization of three kinds of fluids: water, viscous oil and supercritical CO 2 . (psu.edu)
We explore the relation between the breakdown pressure to both the dynamic viscosity and the interfacial tension of the fracturing fluids. (psu.edu)
The oil and gas industry defines hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, as the actual process of injecting fluids to create underground fractures. (watershedcouncil.org)
This paper will present an innovative far-field diverter system for fracturing with low-viscosity fluids composed of an engineered mixture of unique ultra-lightweight proppant and degradable material. (bjenergy.com)

Coalbed methane is distinct from a typical sandstone or other conventional gas reservoir, as the methane is stored within the coal by a process called adsorption. (wikipedia.org)
Such "unconventional" subterranean regions include shale reservoirs, siltstone formations, and sandstone formations. (justia.com)
Crude oil is usually found in relatively coarse-grained, permeable , and porous sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone , from which it can be drawn by using the natural formation pressure alone or, if necessary, some well-established technology such as mechanically pumping the oil out or forcing gas or liquid into the reservoir. (britannica.com)
Our industry has developed the technical capacity to move away from conventional reservoirs - whether sandstone or carbonate - with good porosity/permeability characteristics, and extract petroleum wherever it is 'reservoired' - whether still in the source rock, in 'tight' sands, in fractured basement and so on. (findingpetroleum.com)
So if 'conventional resources' are defined as light oil or 'clean' gas in good poroperm sandstone or carbonate reservoirs, what do we refer to as 'unconventional resources' at the moment? (findingpetroleum.com)
A tight sandstone gas reservoir is characterized by low porosity and permeability. (sjdz.org.cn)
The prediction of fractures can provide an essential basis for developing tight sandstone gas reservoirs. (sjdz.org.cn)
This paper illustrates how the use of a Multifunctional Surfactant (MFS) can improve initial production and sustain production in under-pressurized, liquids-rich, tight sandstone (SS) reservoirs such as the Glauconite formation in West-Central Alberta. (bjenergy.com)

Such a failure has been attributed to sudden decrease in the fracture permeability of the reservoir The thickness of the formation may not be directly proportional to the volume of gas produced in some areas. (wikipedia.org)
Despite being one of the largest continuous deposits of oil and natural gas in the U.S., until the late 1990s, the Bakken was considered only a marginal repository, due in large part to the low permeability of the reservoir. (worldoil.com)
The existence of fractures can improve the permeability of the reservoir, and fractures are a vital storage space and migration channel of oil and gas. (sjdz.org.cn)

In this study, we introduce an efficient methodology of the embedded discrete fracture model to explicitly model complex fracture geometries. (nature.com)
Non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture modeling formulations are applied in conjunction with commercial simulators to efficiently and accurately model subsurface characteristics in regions having complex hydraulic fractures, complex natural fractures, or a combination of both. (justia.com)
The present disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for the simulation of subterranean regions with multi-scale complex fracture geometries, applying non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture modeling formulations with simulators. (justia.com)
This paper presents the results from research to validate discrete fracture network modelling simulations of fractured reservoirs by comparison with conventional analytical solutions. (earthdoc.org)

One challenge of the estimation of the recovery is to properly model complex hydraulic fracture geometries which are often assumed to be planar due to the limitation of local grid refinement approach. (nature.com)

We build a compositional reservoir model to investigate the effects of complex fracture geometries on performance of CO 2 Huff-n-Puff and CO 2 continuous injection. (nature.com)
Systems and methods for simulating subterranean regions having multi-scale, complex fracture geometries. (justia.com)
A drawback of the LGR method is that it cannot handle complex fracture geometries due to limitations encountered with the structured gridding technique. (justia.com)
In order to handle complex fracture geometries, a conventional technique of unstructured gridding is utilized. (justia.com)
A challenging problem persists in modelling realistic fractures with three-dimensional complex geometries for reservoir analysis and production analysis. (justia.com)
Thus, a need remains for improved techniques to easily, efficiently, and accurately model multi-scale complex subsurface fracture geometries. (justia.com)
In view of the aforementioned problems and trends, embodiments of the present invention provide systems, methods and apparatuses for simulating a subterranean region having complex fracture geometries. (justia.com)
According to an aspect of the invention, a method for simulating a subterranean region having fracture geometries is disclosed. (justia.com)

During a stimulation operation, a fracturing fluid is injected into the formation, above the formation pressure, to create fractures from the wellbore wall in different orientations, due to the stress concentration and variation in the near-wellbore region. (worldoil.com)
The reservoir and rock mechanical properties of the formation, like Young's modulus, UCS, porosity, and permeability, dictate the competition between simultaneously and propagating flow paths and hence affect the stimulation slurry distribution. (worldoil.com)
When mechanical interactions happen between fractures that are in close proximity to each other, this could further create challenges in the distribution of the stimulation fluid. (worldoil.com)
Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique used to increase permeability in a subterranean formation. (justia.com)
The goal of this project was to increase the recovery of natural gas from fractured shale reservoirs through the development and demonstration of improved, non-damaging fracture stimulation techniques. (doe.gov)
indeed, one could take the view that the best cash flow from shale gas has in fact come to oil field service companies that supply Fracturing/Stimulation, Horizontal Drilling or 3D/4D Seismic and to the US 'resource play' companies that have sold or farmed-down their shale gas assets. (findingpetroleum.com)
Hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," is a well stimulation process used to maximize the extraction of underground resources including oil and natural gas. (watershedcouncil.org)

A new fractal composite flow model was proposed, which can comprehensively characterize the secondary fracture spacing/aperture heterogeneity in the stimulated reservoir volume. (hindawi.com)
If the heterogeneity of the secondary fracture spacing or aperture is not considered, the bottomhole pressure and production curve will change greatly. (hindawi.com)
The distribution of natural fractures in unconventional reservoirs is complex, and reservoir heterogeneity and stress fields make secondary fracture spacing and aperture distribution more complex [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The imbibition measurements can be performed in the lab using core samples, but due to reservoir heterogeneity, certain limitation of the lab equipment and quality of the core material, scalability of the core results to a reservoir model can be challenging. (spwla.org)
The CBM occurrence condition is superior, but the pore-fracture is poorly developed and the coal reservoir has low porosity, low permeability and high heterogeneity characteristics. (degruyter.com)

The secondary fracture spacing distribution had a greater influence on flow behavior than the secondary fracture aperture distribution. (hindawi.com)
Dual porosity reservoirs are reservoirs in which porosity related to cleats (natural fractures) are responsible for flow behavior and reservoir porosity of the matrix is responsible for the storage of gas. (wikipedia.org)
This unique behavior is because of shrinking of coal, when methane is released from its matrix, which results in opening up of fractures and increased permeability. (wikipedia.org)
The adsorption behavior and the mechanism of a CO 2 /CH 4 mixture in shale organic matter play significant roles to predict the carbon dioxide sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CS-EGR) in shale reservoirs. (mdpi.com)
During long-term water injection, fracture growth can only be simulated properly when the filtration near fractures, thermo-elastic stress changes and reservoir fluid flow behavior are all concurrently calculated. (ndltd.org)

Hydraulic fracturing is the extraction of oil and gas from rocks with low porosity and permeability. (aiche.org)
NMR can reflect the level of porosity and permeability of the coal reservoir. (degruyter.com)
This research presented the new workflow to enhance the accuracy of porosity and permeability models for a fractured reservoir in offshore Vietnam by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and co-kriging method. (elsevierpure.com)

In contrast, the network model uses two orthogonal planar grids to represent the fracture network, which is a simple and effective fracture modeling method [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

The results confirm that the appropriate modelling of the fracture geometry plays a critical role in the estimation of the incremental oil recovery. (nature.com)
The efficiency of the extraction process is dependent on the final fracture geometry and proppant concentration along the fracture. (aiche.org)
Fracture geometry control and increased fracture complexity have been recognized to be critical factors in optimizing unconventional well completion design. (bjenergy.com)

Similar conventional treatment practices utilize nitrogen gas or nitrogen foam to avoid damage, however the nitrogen gas is unable to carry proppant and the nitrogen foam introduces liquid components that can cause formation damage. (doe.gov)
The solvent conveys the pressure and is also used to carry material known as proppant (usually sand) down into the fractures that are created. (perc.org)
CARBOAIR high-transport, ultra low-density ceramic proppant technology has been developed primarily to increase production and EUR from slickwater fracturing operations. (carboceramics.com)
An in-depth understanding of the key factors controlling proppant carrying capability of FRs is critical to improved fracturing fluid design. (bjenergy.com)

Coalbed methane reservoirs are considered as a dual-porosity reservoirs. (wikipedia.org)
A conventional method for simulation of fluid flow in fractured reservoirs is the classic dual-porosity or dual-permeability model. (justia.com)

This stage of the South West Hub Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project aims to produce an in-depth integrated study of the fault and fracture network surrounding the Harvey 3 well to obtain an understanding of their propensity to act as conduits for the injected CO2. (ssrn.com)

The variation of seismic amplitude with azimuth can provide information on vertical fractures in the reservoir. (sjdz.org.cn)

The current TMS Oil Play targets unconventional reservoirs that are petroleum source rocks where petroleum hydrocarbons (oil and gas) originated in a high pressure and temperature geological subsurface environment. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)

The technology enables operators to avoid the introduction of gel into their fracs while improving reservoir contact and fracture conductivity. (carboceramics.com)

the Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources (CSUR) can't explain precisely the difference between conventional and unconventional either. (questerre.com)

The LGR method also requires a greater number of small grids near fractures, resulting in complex gridding issues and an expensive computational cost. (justia.com)

The technology held promise for stimulating liquid-sensitive reservoirs in that the CO2 is pumped as a liquid to hydraulically create fractures, and then vaporizes at reservoir conditions, leaving liquid-free fracture. (doe.gov)

Scanlon and colleagues say one way to reduce the amount of overall wastewater injection might be to repurpose the wastewater for hydraulic fracturing. (seismosoc.org)

Production enhancement from permeability-challenged formations depends on the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing design. (worldoil.com)
Model rock masses containing layered formations and regular orthogonal fracture systems have been generated using the program FracMan. (earthdoc.org)
Yamalik-1 discovered an approximate 1,300 m column of natural gas and condensate in over-pressured reservoirs below 2,900 m in the Teslimkoy and Kesan formations. (demac.com)
Hydraulic fracturing involves the pressurized injection of a mixture of water, chemicals, and sand in underground formations to allow natural gas and oil to flow more freely from rock pores to the surface. (watershedcouncil.org)
Natural gas and oil comes from both 'conventional' and 'unconventional' geological formations. (watershedcouncil.org)

The same properties that create challenges with pore pressure prediction also cause uncertainties in fracture gradient prediction. (onepetro.org)

citation needed] Unlike much natural gas from conventional reservoirs, coalbed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as propane or butane, and no natural-gas condensate. (wikipedia.org)
This study also provides new insights into the understanding of the impacts of CO 2 molecular diffusion, reservoir permeability, and natural fractures on the performance of CO 2 -EOR processes in tight oil reservoirs. (nature.com)
Natural gas has a smaller greenhouse gas effect and is less polluting than other fossil fuels, plus gas produced from shale gas reservoirs can have a positive impact on the U.S. economy by replacing coal used for electrical generation, natural gas imports and oil imports in some applications. (eponline.com)
And, these reservoirs contain both natural and induced fracture systems each with different properties. (eponline.com)
Abstract Field data suggests that carbonate reservoirs contain abundant natural fractures and cavities. (techscience.com)
Simulation results show that a higher lateral stress coefficient can enhance the influence of the natural cavity, causing a more curved fracture path. (techscience.com)
However, the advent of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has transformed the Bakken into a prolific oil and natural gas producer. (worldoil.com)
Unlike much natural gas from conventional reservoirs, coalbed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as propane or butane , and no natural-gas condensate . (wikiwand.com)
Table 1 below summarizes D&M's estimates of Valeura's working interest prospective natural gas resources (defined as "conventional natural gas" under NI 51-101). (demac.com)
In areas dominated by natural fractures, horizontal drilling ensures maximum penetration, leading to optimal extraction. (venergymomentum.com)
Conventional geothermal depends on natural reservoirs because that's the easiest. (freethink.com)
But without public support, experts fear that geothermal energy will remain an overlooked energy source, limited to states with natural reservoirs and no fracking bans. (freethink.com)
Although hydraulic fracturing is often used in conventional oil and natural gas fields, it is not usually on the same scale as shale layers. (watershedcouncil.org)
An effective lost circulation material (LCM) treatment was required at short notice to cure severe losses due to a fault and associated natural fractures. (halliburton.com)

Simulators for conventional reservoirs are not suited for shale gas reservoirs," Sigal said. (eponline.com)
Next, we will build modules that incorporate the individual modifications needed for conventional simulators to correctly model shale gas reservoirs. (eponline.com)
Finally, we will use the modified simulators to history match production from existing reservoirs. (eponline.com)
However, conventional reservoir simulators using unstructured gridding are limited to vertical fractures. (justia.com)

Simulation results indicate that SC-CO 2 -based fracturing indeed has a lower breakdown pressure, as observed in experiments, and may develop fractures with greater complexity than those developed with water-based and oil-based fracturing. (psu.edu)
A new finite-volume multi-phase reservoir simulation with poro- and thermo-elasticity was developed. (ndltd.org)

Unconventional reservoirs, such as tight or shale reservoirs, usually have very low permeability, and it is difficult to obtain economic production [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The hydraulic fracturing techniques have been widely used to efficiently enhance production of unconventional reservoirs [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
It can be seen from the 20-year EUR analysis that the contribution of reservoir production in the unstimulated area is negligible [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
When the reservoir is put into production, water in the fracture spaces is pumped off first. (wikipedia.org)
The recent development of tight oil reservoirs has led to an increase in oil production in the past several years due to the progress in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. (nature.com)
University of Oklahoma researchers are developing a new simulator for shale gas reservoirs that will provide oil and gas companies with an essential tool for managing production and choosing drilling locations to lower costs and increase production. (eponline.com)
The industry practices in North America prove that hydraulic fracturing is an essential tool for enhancing production from low-permeability reservoirs. (worldoil.com)
Although the matrix contributes to production, the high initial rates result from fracture permeability. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)
shale oil , in fossil fuel production, either a synthetic crude oil that is extracted from oil shale by means of pyrolysis or a naturally occurring crude oil that is extracted from underground shale deposits by means of fracking (hydraulic fracturing). (britannica.com)
In addition to such conventional production, newer technologies such as steerable drill bits, electronic sensors, and hydraulic fracturing have opened up so-called unconventional reservoirs composed of dense, impermeable "tight rock" such as shale or dolomite . (britannica.com)
Predicting the production performance of unconventional and tight hydrocarbon reservoirs is challenging. (ku.edu)
The well was drilled to 4,196 m , fracture stimulated and production tested in Q4 2017. (demac.com)
Objective of the project is the prognosis and optimization of the production from Tight-Gas reservoirs and the identification of damaging mechanisms in the system well-fracture-reservoir. (dgmk.de)
However, the public uses the term fracking to encompass all activities associated with oil and gas drilling, including well construction, hydraulic fracturing, and oil and gas production. (watershedcouncil.org)
The new applications of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have led to a boom in "unconventional" oil and gas production. (watershedcouncil.org)
On a reservoir-scale, the stress reorientation caused by injection-production activities during waterflooding was investigated. (ndltd.org)

However, geological modeling of fractured reservoirs is complex and presents unique challenges in comparison with conventional reservoirs. (elsevierpure.com)

The workflow covers a wide range of operational design parameters pertaining to W3H criteria, reservoir rock and fluid properties, hydraulic fracture design, and their corresponding flow-related parameters such as fracture conductivity, fracture half-length, fracture height, fracture spacing, and the number of hydraulic fracture clusters per stage. (ku.edu)

A major challenge of far-field diversion in slickwater fracturing is ensuring transport of material to the fracture tip or secondary fracture in a low-viscosity fluid. (bjenergy.com)

The Bakken Field located in North Dakota, is one the most productive tight oil reservoirs in North America. (nature.com)
Recently, the North America Oil and Gas industry has seen a rapid increase in the adoption of new hydraulic fracturing technologies such as dual-fuel diesel engine, electric system powered by gas turbine or engine on-site and turbine direct drive technology, to reduce emissions and operating costs. (bjenergy.com)

The researchers recognize the physics of fluid flow and storage are very different in the inorganic and the organic portions of shale gas reservoirs. (eponline.com)

A lot of research showed that the fracture spacing distribution accords with the fractal scale distribution, and the fractal dimension was defined to characterize the fracture spacing distribution [ 18 - 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
21 ] proposed the fractal dimension of the fracture aperture to characterize the secondary fracture aperture distribution. (hindawi.com)

Arguably, the pore pressure prediction in shale gas plays offers even greater challenges than conventional reservoirs. (onepetro.org)
The new methods incorporate gas corrections in the calculation of pore pressure and fracture gradient. (onepetro.org)
Additional improvements in the prediction of pore pressures, fracture gradient, and minimum stress are achieved by characterizing the effects of shale property anisotropies (e.g. (onepetro.org)
Researchers studying artificial nanomaterials have developed new gas transport equations that need to be adapted to the complicated pore spaces that describe shale gas reservoirs. (eponline.com)
The fractures of large pore have little contribution to the porosity. (degruyter.com)
This paper makes full use of the technical advantages of NMR logging in the study of coal reservoirs to research the pore structure, physical parameters, aquosity of a coal reservoir and the sealing capability of the roof and floor. (degruyter.com)

It is also believed that due to shrinkage of coal matrix at lower reservoir pressures, there is a loss of horizontal stress in the reservoir which induces in-situ failure of coal. (wikipedia.org)

The high-pressure fluid creates fissures or fractures that extend into and throughout the rock matrix surrounding the wellbore. (justia.com)

Waterflooding is effective in fractured reservoirs, if the formation is water-wet. (unt.edu)
Waterflooding involves the injection of water to displace oil from oil and gas reservoirs. (ndltd.org)
Well over 80% of oil reservoirs will undergo waterflooding at some point in their life. (ndltd.org)

The Middle Bakken and Three Forks layers are the most important because of the reservoir quality and hydrocarbon saturation. (nature.com)
The recovery mechanism in NFRs relies on ability of fracture network to deliver enough injected fluid to the matrix, as well as rate and magnitude of capillary interactions within the matrix rock, during which hydrocarbon displacement occurs. (spwla.org)
To Date, there is no physics-based dimensionless performance type curve developed for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of even conventional hydrocarbon-producing reservoirs. (ku.edu)
Unconventional EOR (UEOR) is the next step in unlocking untapped unconventional and tight hydrocarbon reservoirs' full potential and helps in minimizing environmental footprints by targeting the remaining hydrocarbon left behind and consequently avoiding unnecessary drilling and minimizing carbon emission. (ku.edu)

Not all of the petroleum hydrocarbons originally generated have migrated out of the source rock (TMS) which is now being explored for oil and /or liquid hydrocarbons with advanced (horizontal) drilling and completion (hydraulic fracturing, called fracking) technologies in a current favorable economic climate. (gohaynesvilleshale.com)
This was of key importance since acceptance by the farming community across the area of the potential reservoir extent is crucial for successful completion of the project. (ssrn.com)
According to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), "high volume hydraulic fracturing means a hydraulic fracturing well completion operation that is intended to use a total volume of more than 100,000 gallons of primary carrier fluid. (watershedcouncil.org)

abstract = "Granite fractured basement reservoir contributes higher 40% of the world's oil and gas reserves. (elsevierpure.com)

A non-technical description of hydraulic fracturing helps explain the source of the recent productivity gains. (perc.org)
Additional information, specifically regarding fractures, is crucial to unlocking the productivity of unconventional shale plays, such as the Bakken. (worldoil.com)

The successful economic development of tight oil reservoirs in recent years hinges on two advanced technologies: horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. (nature.com)
Hence, it is important to investigate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods to increase oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs. (nature.com)
It is challenging to apply water flooding in tight oil reservoir due to low injectivity and poor sweep efficiency. (nature.com)
It enables fast and accurate decision-making for optimal UEOR practice in unconventional and tight oil reservoirs. (ku.edu)
Unconventional gas reservoirs include tight gas, coal bed methane, gas hydrates, and shale gas. (watershedcouncil.org)

Overall, we conclude that ANN and co-kriging are useful method for developing reliable workflow in fracture basement reservoir. (elsevierpure.com)

The open fractures in the coal (called the cleats) can also contain free gas or can be saturated with water. (wikipedia.org)
The NMR transverse relaxation time (T 2 ) of coal is 0.5~2.5, 20~50, and more than 100 ms, three spectral peaks represent meso pores, large pores and fractures. (degruyter.com)
The T 2 relaxation time spectrum of coal reservoirs in the research area is generally characterized by double-peak structure characteristics, which shows that the coal reservoir is microporous with meso pores. (degruyter.com)
This indicates that the bound water and movable fluid in the coal reservoir cannot be connected effectively. (degruyter.com)
Greater development of fracture and better permeability in the coal reservoir cause greater right peak of T 2 relaxation time spectrum of the NMR. (degruyter.com)
The effective porosity of coal reservoirs in the study area is generally less than 3%, which reflects the matrix pores of the coal seam. (degruyter.com)
Coal beds are an attractive prospect for development because of their ability to retain large amounts of gas -- coal is able to store six to seven times more gas than an equivalent volume of rock common to conventional gas reservoirs. (energyjustice.net)

These properties are important, as they describe information about reservoir "connectivity" and "confinement" of fractures. (worldoil.com)

In this paper, the effects of secondary fracture spacing/aperture distribution on porosity/permeability of the stimulated reservoir volume are described. (hindawi.com)
Results showed that the larger the fractal dimension of the secondary fracture aperture is, the greater the dimensionless flow rate will be. (hindawi.com)
The smaller the fractal dimension of the secondary fracture spacing is, the smaller the dimensionless flow rate will be. (hindawi.com)
There are a large number of complex secondary fractures created in the area around hydraulic fractures [ 5 ], and the area is called the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
the results showed that the matrix permeability and the secondary fracture spacing play a key role in the SRV [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, in order to simulate the secondary fracture distribution, scholars proposed a nontraditional fracture model [ 10 , 11 ], which describes the hydraulic fracture and secondary fracture distribution in detail through the unstructured grid. (hindawi.com)
The secondary fracture distribution in SRV can be obtained intuitively through microseismic monitoring. (hindawi.com)
The researches have shown that the secondary fractures around hydraulic fractures can be regressed with fractal theory models [ 14 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In most studies, the secondary fracture aperture is generally assumed to be uniformly distributed, or the secondary fracture aperture is considered to follow a special distribution, such as the lognormal distribution [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
Kim and Schechter [ 28 ] used CT scans to study the secondary fracture, and the results showed that the secondary fracture aperture distribution accords with the lognormal distribution. (hindawi.com)

In the fracturing process, a fluid is pumped into casing lining the wellbore traversing the formation. (justia.com)
Once propped open, the fracture allows oil and gas that would otherwise be trapped in the rock to flow to the wellbore and then to the surface. (perc.org)
Sand is mixed with chemicals and water to prop the fractures open, allowing oil and gas to flow to the wellbore and then to the surface. (perc.org)

But these controllers (a) require an accurate model which is difficult to obtain in the case of hydraulic fracturing given its complexity, (b) involve exorbitant computational costs, and (c) require regular re-tuning of controller parameters. (aiche.org)
In this embodiment, data representing a subterranean region is obtained, the data comprising a matrix grid and fracture parameters. (justia.com)
Conventional inversion methods invert elastic and fracture parameters simultaneously. (sjdz.org.cn)
The improved azimuth amplitude difference method introduces a reference azimuth, builds the track set of azimuth amplitude difference to eliminate the isotropic background, and inverts only the fracture weakness parameters related to the anisotropic terms. (sjdz.org.cn)

Second, the presence of gas in the shale causes the compressional interval travel time to read higher (slower), which affects derived rock properties, negatively impacting the accuracy of conventional pressure prediction techniques. (onepetro.org)
The success of fluid diversion treatments is governed by the reservoir and rock mechanical properties of the formation, and which influence the pumping strategy design of the diversion system. (worldoil.com)
In this technique an oil shale deposit is fractured with explosives, after which a mixture of gas and air is pumped into the deposit and ignited to heat the rock. (britannica.com)
It turns out whether a type of rock is conventional or unconventional is not a concept recognized by Mother Nature, who loves all rock equally. (questerre.com)
The next-level form of geothermal energy (called enhanced geothermal systems, or EGS) is all about drilling into dry rock and creating man-made reservoirs by injecting pressurized water into the well, which fractures the rocks around it. (freethink.com)
The water passes through the hot, fractured rock and is collected and drawn up through another well on the side of the fractured area. (freethink.com)
That can be tricky because technically EGS is "fracking" - shooting liquid into the ground in order to fracture a rock. (freethink.com)
In conventional reservoirs, oil and gas can flow relatively easily through a series of pores in the rock to the well. (watershedcouncil.org)
This study proposed an improved inversion method of azimuth amplitude difference for the HTI (transversely isotropy with a horizontal axis) medium and combined with the rock physical theory, predicted fracture weakness parameter, characterizing the fracture properties. (sjdz.org.cn)

A key unconventional reservoir within the Williston basin is the Bakken formation, which is comprised of a lower shale member, a middle dolomite member and an upper shale member. (worldoil.com)

An analytical model, based on CFD and discrete element modeling, simulates treatment placement efficiency and diversion effectiveness in HPHT fractured carbonate reservoirs. (worldoil.com)
Horizontal drilling offers a more extensive contact area with the reservoir, leading to increased extraction efficiency. (venergymomentum.com)
If a fracture breaches the bounding layers, the sweep efficiency can be significantly impaired and it could have severe environmental consequences (such as contamination of shallower aquifers or the seabed). (ndltd.org)

An example of this is the deposition of frac water used to force the gas from the reservoir. (eponline.com)
This involves pumping a large amount of water into the reservoir. (eponline.com)
In conventional reservoirs all this water is produced back, but in shale gas reservoirs only a small percentage of the water is produced. (eponline.com)
Researchers need to model the deposition of this water to better understand the reservoir and address concerns the effects this water can have on shallow aquifers," Sigal said. (eponline.com)
Equilibrium cannot be maintained because of differences in the transport rates for water and gas in shale gas reservoirs, so the standard equations must be modified. (eponline.com)
Incorporation of the LSL results into reservoir models validated the ranges of water-oil relative permeability curves, residual oil saturation to water, irreducible water saturation, and capillary pressure assumptions. (spwla.org)
The value of reusing produced water for hydraulic fracturing is similar to re-injecting produced water for water flooding in conventional oil reservoirs, to maintain pressure," Scanlon said. (seismosoc.org)
Conventional water-based fracturing treatments may not work well for many shale gas reservoirs. (psu.edu)
Primary carrier fluid is the base fluid, such as water, into which chemical additives are mixed to form the hydraulic fracturing fluid. (watershedcouncil.org)
In a larger scale problem, a 3-dimensional model of water-injection-induced fracture was developed to predict the fracture height growth. (ndltd.org)
Based on this new model, the impact of reservoir stress conditions, mechanical properties, and injection-water quality on fracture growth was studied. (ndltd.org)
165 Water, and air or foam are pumped into the well to increase the pressure in the reservoir. (energyjustice.net)
The high intensity of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoir has resulted in dramatic increase in water consumption. (bjenergy.com)
The performance of conventional anionic friction reducers is usually affected by the total dissolved solid (TDS) in the water source. (bjenergy.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms11

Diseases61

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment83

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science8

Health Care36

Geographicals2

Wells24

Characterization3

Shales5

Naturally fractured7

Fluids12

Sandstone8

Permeability of the reservoir3

Discrete fracture4

Hydraulic fracture geometries1

Geometries8

Stimulation7

Heterogeneity5

Behavior5

Porosity and permeability3

Effective fracture1

Geometry3

Proppant4

Dual-porosity2

Fault and fracture1

Seismic1

Subsurface1

Improving reservoir contact1

Unconventional resources1

Near fractures1

Create fractures1

Wastewater1

Formations5

Uncertainties1

Natural14

Simulators4

Simulation2

Production16

Comparison with conventional1

Conductivity1

Slickwater1

North America2

Fluid flow1

Characterize2

Pore6

Pressures1

Fissures1

Waterflooding3

Hydrocarbon4

Completion3

Abstract1

Productivity2

Tight5

Workflow1

Coal7

Connectivity1

Secondary10

Wellbore3

Parameters4

Rock9

Bakken1

Efficiency3

Water14