• Despite the fact that it was not possible to explain if, and how, Baird's rule could be applied to graphene (an essentially infinitely large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), the team explored graphene chemistry and found a very efficient addition reaction when using formic acid. (photonics.com)
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) are a group of compounds comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more aromatic rings and one or more chlorine atoms attached to the ring system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relative potency of three ring Cl-PAHs was found to increase with increasing degree of chlorination as well as with increasing degree of chlorination. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the relative potencies of the most toxic Cl-PAHs assessed up to now have been found to be 100,000-fold lower than the relative potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ionization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), by ultraviolet (UV) photons from massive stars is expected to account for a large fraction of the heating of neutral gas in galaxies. (astrobiology.com)
  • In addition, we found that the modeled photoelectric heating rates by PAHs are close to the observed cooling rates given by the gas emission. (astrobiology.com)
  • Nine structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested for their ability to either agonize or antagonize the human androgen receptor (hAR) in a sensitive reporter gene assay based on CHO cells transiently cotransfected with a hAR vector and an MMTV-LUC vector. (dtu.dk)
  • The antiandrogenic responses by PAHs (10 mu M) were found to be fully reversible, determined in the presence of increasing concentrations of R1881. (dtu.dk)
  • Researchers at Uppsala University and AstraZeneca utilized Baird's rule to show that benzene and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) will undergo metal-free photochemical (hydro)silylations and transfer-hydrogenations at mild conditions, with the highest yield for naphthalene (photosilylation: 21 percent). (photonics.com)
  • Food can be contaminated by PAHs because of the contamination of air, water or soil, and during industrial process, as heating, drying and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 200 smoking process. (bvsalud.org)
  • PAHs were found in different foodstuffs, including different organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings vegetables, fruit, cereals, oils and fats, smoked fish and meat, coffee and ( Domingo & Nadal, 2015 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have endocrine disrupting properties and they cross the placental barrier, but studies on gestational exposure and child anthropometry are inconclusive. (lu.se)
  • Atmospheric concentrations of flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides were measured using passive air samplers equipped with polyurethane foam disks to find spatial information in and around Chicago, Illinois. (uiowa.edu)
  • Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are generated by combustion of organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, it was found that the irradiation of aromatic compounds such as formic acid and benzene caused the compounds to reach electronically excited states. (photonics.com)
  • Aromatic chemical compounds have an inherently high stability and often they are not easy to degrade. (photonics.com)
  • However, the high stability of aromatic compounds (explained by Hückel´s "4n+2" rule) exists only when the compounds are in their electronic ground states. (photonics.com)
  • According to Baird's rule, compounds that are aromatic in the ground state become antiaromatic and reactive in the excited state. (photonics.com)
  • Researchers can now use this rule to describe various behaviors of aromatic compounds when irradiated. (photonics.com)
  • Some proposed applications involve dendrimer interactions with aromatic and hydrophobic hydrocarbons, or molecules containing moieties with these properties. (confex.com)
  • One of the well-established mechanisms by which chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exert their toxic effects is via the function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a cytosolic, ligand-activated transcription receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the Ah receptor agonists containing four or five aromatic rings (i.e. (dtu.dk)
  • All-atom MD simulations with explicit water were used to investigate the mechanistic details of association of model aromatic hydrocarbon guest molecules, naphthalene (NPH), and its derivatives, with 3rd - 6th generation (G3-G6) dendrimers. (confex.com)
  • In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
  • First, they studied the addition of hydrosilanes to benzenes, naphthalene and gradually larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (photonics.com)
  • Mesquite burns hotter than hardwood charcoal, and produces much more of these dangerous hydrocarbons. (foodreference.com)
  • Note that halogenating a hydrocarbon produces something that is not a hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the interactions between dendrimers and hydrocarbons. (confex.com)
  • Main objective of this review is to investigate main methods that enhance aromatic hydrocarbons production, while screening out option to maximize aromatic hydrocarbons production, taking economic analysis and technical application progress as a reference. (umn.edu)
  • Please see the "Methods' Access" tab in the tables found after clicking on each of the listed chemicals for additional information regarding these methods. (cdc.gov)
  • The most significantly influential factor limiting biomass conversion is low H/C eff , and thus in-process enhancement methods including deoxidation via catalysis, and hydrogenation via co-pyrolysis and atmosphere regulation are more effective for improving aromatic hydrocarbons. (umn.edu)
  • : 623 The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons, (whether linear or branched species, and whether with without one or more rings) is C n H 2 n +2(1- r ) , where r is the number of rings. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of particular note, we find that NPH molecules associated closer to the dendrimer center are not necessarily more protected from the water environment. (confex.com)
  • One study found 8 times the cancer causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat cooked with mesquite than hardwood charcoal, and 40 times the benzopyrene, the most dangerous hydrocarbon. (foodreference.com)
  • A detailed description of the interactions between dendrimers and aromatic hydrocarbons can assist researchers in selecting and tuning dendrimer properties for specific applications. (confex.com)
  • A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment we live in today. (nih.gov)