• However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rapidly growing breast mass could hardly ever become metastasis GS-1101 kinase activity assay from rhabdomyosarcoma, leukaemia, lymphoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, Ewing sarcoma, malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.3 However, the size of such masses is not usually as gigantic as in our individual. (columbiagypsy.net)
  • A veterinarian, she completed her Ph.D. studies on feline immunodeficiency virus in 1991 and subsequently she has pursued an academic research and teaching career in Glasgow, collaborating with colleagues in Europe, US, Australia and Japan. (gla.ac.uk)
  • She conducts research in infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnostics and vaccine development, with a focus on feline viruses. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It has been found in association with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), the most common cause of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). (bvsalud.org)
  • Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a ubiquitous RNA virus of cats, which is transmitted faeco-orally. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs), occur only rarely but can be severe. (bvsalud.org)
  • FCoV is primarily an enteric virus and most infections do not cause clinical signs, or result in only enteritis, but a small proportion of FCoV-infected cats develop FIP. (bvsalud.org)
  • The founding member of this family was identified as a gene transduced by the leukemia virus, E26. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple ETS factors have been found to be associated with cancer, such as through gene fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the ERG ETS transcription factor is fused to the EWS gene, resulting in a condition called Ewing's sarcoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • ERG and ETV1 are known gene fusions found in prostate cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • However, viral host spectrum and virus tropism go beyond the domestic cat and kidney tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Experimental studies have confirmed previous field observations that higher viral loads are present in the urine compared to other tissues, and renal TIN lesions associated with FeMV antigen have been demonstrated, alongside virus lymphotropism and viraemia-associated lymphopenia. (bvsalud.org)
  • This, and other extraordinary scientific goals achieved by molecular cancer research in the last 30 years, seems to suggest that definitive answers and solutions to this severe disease have been finally found. (jcancer.org)
  • Considering the past, and reviewing the milestones of every scientific finding could help in molding future experimental approaches in cancer research. (jcancer.org)
  • The first description of human cancer can be found in the Edwin Smith Papyrus dated 3000 BC that illustrated a case of breast cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • If you find another treatment method that you weren't aware of and your doctor didn't tell you about, getting a second opinion may shed light on other options - maybe less severe surgery. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • Urine and kidney tissues have been widely tested in attempts to confirm associations between FeMV infection and renal disease, but samples from both healthy and sick cats can test positive and some cross-sectional studies have not found associations between FeMV infection and CKD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prof Hosie has served as a member of the Editorial Boards of Virus Genes and BMC Veterinary Research and has acted as a guest editor for Viruses Special Issues on companion animal virology. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The fusion of TEL to the JAK2 protein results in early pre-B acute lymphoid leukaemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Margaret Hosie is Professor of Comparative Virology at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This photograph from 1909 shows a sarcoma on the external chest wall of a chicken that was used by Francis Peyton Rous to discover the Rous sarcoma retrovirus. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Cellular homologues of viral oncogenes The first of these groups came into view during a search for the origins of the genetically defined transforming gene (src) of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). (nih.gov)
  • A novel envelope mediated post entry restriction of murine leukaemia virus in human cells is Ref1/TRIM5α independent. (medscape.com)
  • We evaluated the influence of host genetic factors on the course of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) lung infection after intranasal inoculation and on the development of interstitial pneumonitis after virus and cyclophosphamide (CP) administration. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Susceptibility to virus replication in the lungs of various inbred murine strains was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which was associated with the H-2 locus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This diverse group of viruses reveals unexpected connections between innate immunity, immune sensors and tumour suppressor signalling that control both viral infection and cancer. (nih.gov)
  • iii) The integrated (proviral) forms of DNA and RNA tumour viruses appeared to be inserted randomly in Cancer Surveys Vol. 1 No. 2 1982 310 Harold E. Varmus the host genome, reducing the likelihood of introducing viral DNA at the presumably rare positions conducive to oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • iv) Mounting evidence' for transforming genes (oncogenes) carried by many DNA and RNA tumour viruses seemed to obviate the need for more complicated and unsubstantiateq mechanisms of viral oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • tional mechanisms for viral oncogenesis and have provided some specific experimental reagents with which to pursue the idea that many types of cancer of unknown cause-not only certain virus-induced cancers- might have their roots in the disordered expression of host genes. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in matrix and SP1 repair the packaging specificity of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 mutant by reducing the association of Gag with spliced viral RNA. (medscape.com)
  • This Timeline article describes common features of human tumour viruses and discusses how new technologies can be used to identify infectious causes of cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Two overlapping areas of study are central to the ensuing discussion: (i) efforts to define cellular genes whose altered expression might contribute to tumour formation and (ii) efforts to decipher the mechanisms by which tumours are caused by RNA tumour viruses (retroviruses) lacking their own oncogenes. (nih.gov)
  • In a somewhat analogous way there was also a general feeling that viruses did not cause human cancers, and that retroviruses, in particular, did not exist in human beings. (science-connections.com)
  • This is a major difference between retroviruses and other viruses, which we tend to think are transmitted while a person is sick or in the early phase of incubation, which can be a few days, a few weeks, or at the most a few months. (science-connections.com)
  • Since then, seven human viruses have been found to cause 10-15% of human cancers worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • We now know that viruses, either directly or indirectly, either as a cofactor or as a direct cause, playa role in more than 40 % of human cancers. (science-connections.com)
  • The varicella-zoster virus-infected cell proteins (VZV-ICPs) against which IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were made in the course of primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection were analysed by the immune transfer method. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Protection in this case is due to antibodies of the IgG class that neutralize virus to which an animal is re-exposed (e.g. feline panleukopenia virus). (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • The objective of live virus vaccination is to mimic the natural infection, which usually elicits high concentrations (titers) of virus-neutralizing antibodies. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • Intranuclear sites of virus replication, highlighted by DNA-staining methods or immunofluorescence, were absent after Arildone treatment and corresponded with the lack of ultrastructural changes associated with productive infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Vaccination is intended to protect individuals against disease caused by bacteria and viruses, but also to prevent infection and transmission of the agents within a population. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • When a wild-type virus infection occurs as immunity wanes, it may be without clinical signs, but it will still boost immunity. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • By preventing infection, such a vaccine may allow eradication of the virus from the local population or even globally (as for poliomyelitis in humans). (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic demyelinating infection of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV, JCPyV), a polyomavirus that is widely distributed in human populations. (medlink.com)
  • [10] Dimitri Ivanovski used this filter to study an infection of tobacco plants, now known as tobacco mosaic virus . (wikidoc.org)
  • 2017) although another study of 60 shelter cats with ocular disease in the US found no evidence of C. felis infection by PCR (Zirofsky et al. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • Immunity to reinfection may be life-long for viruses that reach their target organs via systemic spread, through viraemic spread in the organism. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR: Quantitation of bovine leukemia virus proviral load using the CoCoMo algorithm. (medscape.com)
  • A structural constraint for functional interaction between N-terminal and C-terminal domains in simian immunodeficiency virus capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Immunity in a vertebrate is based on the multiplication of specialized cells, predominantly lymphocytes, which either kill virus-infected cells by direct contact or through proteins they secrete. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • Thus an orally administered, attenuated vaccine virus will replicate in the intestinal tract, leading to prolonged local synthesis of IgA antibody and providing an 'antiseptic paint' even on distant mucosal surfaces. (abcdcatsvets.org)
  • Viruses infect cellular life forms and are grouped into animal, plant and bacterial types, according to the type of host infected. (wikidoc.org)
  • Inhibitory action was demonstrated against a number of virus isolates from neonates and immune-compromised patients. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Newer reports suggest that some cases of PML may be arrested through use of filgrastim, immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without concomitant treatment with interleukin 2, or T cells sensitized to a second human polyomavirus, BK virus (BKV, BKPyV). (medlink.com)
  • Often, a virus is completely eliminated by the immune system . (wikidoc.org)
  • [9] In the late 18th century, Edward Jenner observed and studied Miss Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid who had previously caught cowpox and was found to be immune to smallpox , a similar, but devastating virus. (wikidoc.org)
  • The emphasis of this review will be on viruses which cause diseases, particularly in man. (science-connections.com)
  • Selective killing of human immunodeficiency virus infected cells by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced activation of HIV protease. (medscape.com)
  • Arildone (WIN 38020), a broad spectrum antiviral, aryl-β-diketone (4-[6-(2-chloro-4-methoxy)phenoxyl]hexyl-3,5-heptanedione), blocks the replication of human cytomegalovirus at a stage prior to the synthesis of virus-specific DNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human TIymphotropic (leukemia) virus type I (HTL V -I) was found by Gallo and coworkers in the late 1970s and first reported in 1980. (science-connections.com)
  • For example, unlike most organisms, viruses do not have cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Interest has been stimulated concerning the region mapping between 0.38 and 0.42 on the prototype configuration of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome due to the high probability of the presence there of a second origin of DNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • [2] A meaning of "agent that causes infectious disease" is first recorded in 1728, [1] before the discovery of viruses by the Russian-Ukrainian biologist Dmitry Ivanovsky in 1892. (wikidoc.org)
  • Biologists debate whether or not viruses are living organisms. (wikidoc.org)
  • For endemic viruses, this frequently occurs in communities of high population density. (abcdcatsvets.org)