X ChromosomeSex ChromosomesDosage Compensation, GeneticGenes, X-LinkedChromosomes, InsectY ChromosomeChromosomes, Human, XChromosomesChromosome MappingX Chromosome InactivationChromosome PaintingChromosomes, MammalianKaryotypingTranslocation, GeneticGenetic LinkageSex Chromosome AberrationsEvolution, MolecularCrosses, GeneticSex Determination ProcessesNondisjunction, GeneticDrosophila melanogasterGenome, InsectSex ChromatinGenomeDrosophilaChromosomes, Human, 4-5SpermatocytesIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceGenes, InsectMeiosisGenes, Y-LinkedGenetic MarkersModels, GeneticChromosomes, Human, 13-15SileneCrossing Over, GeneticChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialRadiation Hybrid MappingChromosome BandingChromosomes, HumanSelection, GeneticBiological EvolutionGenes, LethalMosaicismKlinefelter SyndromeCaenorhabditis elegansSex Determination AnalysisDisorders of Sex DevelopmentGonadal DysgenesisMicrosatellite RepeatsQuantitative Trait LociHousefliesPlatypusRecombination, GeneticPhysical Chromosome MappingAneuploidyChromosome AberrationsSpermatogenesisHeterochromatinGenetic VariationDipteraChromosome PairingChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YHybrid CellsGenome, HumanChromosomes, Human, YHybridization, GeneticSex CharacteristicsPachytene StageQuantitative Trait, HeritableSpecies SpecificitySyntenyCold-Shock ResponseGenetics, PopulationAllelesTurner SyndromePhenotypeLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsRNA, Long NoncodingGenome, HelminthTrisomyCentromereGenotypeInfertility, MaleDNA, HelminthDNA, SatelliteChromosome InversionChromosome SegregationHeterozygoteRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidSequence Analysis, DNAChromosomes, Human, 1-3Drosophila ProteinsGenetic SpeciationPhylogenySex RatioMutationSheep, DomesticRNA, UntranslatedNucleolus Organizer Region