• The maximal range of cave lions - red indicates Panthera spelaea , blue Panthera atrox , and green Panthera leo . (wikipedia.org)
  • Panthera atrox , better known as the American lion , also called the North American lion , or American cave lion , is an extinct pantherine cat. (wikipedia.org)
  • The status of the species is debated, with some mammalogists and paleontologists considering it a distinct species or a subspecies of Panthera leo , which contains living lions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first specimen now assigned to Panthera atrox was collected in the 1830s and placed in the collection of by William Henry Huntingtion Esquire, who announced their discovery to the American Philosophical Society on April 1, 1836 and placed with other fossils from Huntington's collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia . (wikipedia.org)
  • Few additional discoveries came until 1907, when the American Museum of Natural History and College, Alaska collected several Panthera atrox skulls in a locality originally found in 1803 by gold miners in Kotzebue, Alaska . (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout the early to mid 1900s, dozens of fossils of Panthera atrox were excavated at La Brea, including many postcranial elements and associated skeletons. (wikipedia.org)
  • To label fossils of the European Cave Lion (Panthera leo spelaea) as "RARE" is an understatement, to say the least. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • This is a rare primary limb bone (ulna) of the European Cave Lion ( Panthera leo spelaea ). (timevaultgallery.com)
  • The European Cave Lion ( Panthera leo spelaea ) first appeared in Europe around 500,000 years ago and lived up to the near close of the last European Ice Age. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a mammal of the Felidae family and one of the four species of "big cats" (subfamily Pantherinae) in the Panthera genus , along with the lion (Panthera leo) , jaguar (Panthera onca) , and leopard (Panthera pardus) . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Panthera atrox was the largest lion to have ever existed, this individual weighing an estimated 900 pounds. (darwinandwallace.com)
  • Some 56 species of flowering plants have been recorded, including the Fuegian violet which, in the Falklands, is found nowhere else. (wikipedia.org)
  • The marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) is an extinct species of carnivorous marsupial mammal that lived in Australia from the early to the late Pleistocene (1,600,000-46,000 years ago). (crystalinks.com)
  • A team of Australian scientists has discovered a new species of marsupial lion which has been extinct for at least 19 million years. (crystalinks.com)
  • The new species is about a fifth of the weight of the largest and last surviving marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, that weighed in at around 130 kilograms and which has been extinct for 30,000 years. (crystalinks.com)
  • Palaeontologists have unearthed a new species of prehistoric lion during a fossil dig in remote north-west Queensland. (abc.net.au)
  • [1] The fossils didn't get proper description until in 1853, Joseph Leidy named the fragmentary specimen (ANSP 12546), Felis atrox ("savage cat") [1] Leidy named another species in 1873, Felis imperialis , based on a mandible fragment from Pleistocene gravels in Livermore Valley, California . (wikipedia.org)
  • The Dmanisi fossils belong to Homo erectus, the prodigious species that experts believe set off eastwards from Africa and went on to colonize much of Asia. (vetscite.org)
  • Lions, cheetahs, and the Great Migration herds are among the many species that call this place home. (getyourguide.com)
  • Species previously recorded as living or at least occurring in the North Sea that we could not find or get confirmed by convincing reports are not listed here. (spirula.nl)
  • Sepia elegans de Blainville and S. orbignyana Férussac are often reported from floating shells and from beaks found in the stomach contents of cod species. (spirula.nl)
  • During the medits surveys by ifremer in the Gulf of Lions and eastern Corsica (Mediterranean) from 2011 to 2018, eleven Sepiolidae species belonging to seven genera were caught. (spirula.nl)
  • Ten species were found in the Gulf of Lions from shallow to deep water and seven species off eastern Corsica mainly from deeper water. (spirula.nl)
  • More than 50 species of mammalian and reptile fossils that are all mid-late Paleocene fossils were discovered in more than 50 Paleocene fossil sites, with a history of 60 million years. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Tigers are the heaviest species of cat found in the wild. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Though some of the marsupial lions were as small as squirrels, surprisingly the newest species likely grew to be dog sized. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The identification of these new species has brought to light a level of marsupial lion diversity that was quite unexpected and suggest even deeper origins for the family," Gillespie says in a press release . (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Dating suggests that the new species existed during the same time as a squirrel-sized lion, Microleo attenboroughi , identified last year, which means that the marsupial lion family tree is much more complicated than researchers once thought. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Scratch marks found in a cave last year showed even the larger species to evolve likely retained the climbing skill of the smaller ones, and researchers believe that they didn't chase down their prey but dropped onto them from the trees. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • About 50 mammalian species, approximately half of them extinct, are represented among the fossil bones. (britannica.com)
  • In fact, in this particular case the mostly-articulated skeleton of the dinosaur was found surrounded by the bones of species it might have preyed upon prior to its unintended contribution to the fossil record. (scientificamerican.com)
  • To find out how one species evolved or split off into another species, and how one set of critters came into being. (jhu.edu)
  • This paper argues that some of the strong beliefs held by humans have deep biological roots in our evolutionary past, and the neuronal pathways and structures that support them can be found in other species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Remains have been found across the continent and artifacts suggest that it was known to the first humans to arrive in Australia some 60,000 years ago. (abc.net.au)
  • Established in 2014 to protect the site's Ice Age artifacts, fossils found there include camelops, mammoths, and American lions, some of them 250,000 years old. (utopiamanagement.com)
  • Fossil tooth marks found on the bones of dinosaurs that apparently survived tyrannosaur attacks had been uncovered before, suggesting they did hunt live prey. (foxnews.com)
  • The animals were sized between leopards and African lionesses but had a bite that was about 80 per cent as strong as a large lion, enabling it to crush bones with its powerful jaws. (edu.au)
  • No oxygen reaches the bones, so they stay the way they are until someone finds them, thousands or millions of years later. (a-z-animals.com)
  • Some of the bones found in the tar pits have evidence of human butchering, such as notches on bones indicating the use of tools. (a-z-animals.com)
  • Saber-toothed cat bones are the second most common finding at the La Brea Tar Pits. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The fossils found in Liaoning were the first complete skeletons. (factsanddetails.com)
  • The presence of fully articulated adult cave lion skeletons, deep in cave bear dens, indicates that lions may have occasionally entered dens to prey on hibernating cave bears, with some dying in the attempt. (donsmaps.com)
  • The finding adds to mounting evidence that humans arrived in North America thousands of years earlier than previously thought ( SN: 7/11/18 ). (sciencenews.org)
  • The Megalonyx marked one of the first important fossil finds in the United States, and it prompted the first and second scientific papers on fossils published in North America. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Many hold soft spots for the likes of plant-chewers like Parasaurolophus and Brontosaurus , too, but, just as lions are more emblematic of qualities we admire than zebras, carnivorous dinosaurs always outstrip their competition. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Some analyses find them as a specific group of protodinosaur, relevant to the origin of all dinosaurs, and others cast them as early ornithischians - the beginnings of a family that would eventually include the likes of armored, horned, and shovel-beaked dinosaurs. (scientificamerican.com)
  • But the ancient marsupial lions are far from adorable furballs. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • These were particular impressive in Thylacoleo carnifex, the last of the marsupial lions and Australia's largest-ever predator. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The marsupial lions persisted for thousands of years afterwards, as more and more forests disappeared. (edu.au)
  • Marsupial lions were far more specialised than African lions. (edu.au)
  • Even today, big cats such as tigers, lions, jaguars, and leopards draw admiration and fear, but some of their extinct relatives dwarf these magnificent beasts. (listverse.com)
  • By examining the fossil record, Shaw found smilodon throats more closely resembled moderns roaring cats, like lions and leopards, than purring cats, like house cats. (cpr.org)
  • The material is infinitely more rare than the most famous large prehistoric cat fossils of the Americas - Smilodon fatalis, which continue to fetch world-record prices in the public market. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • The absence of European Ice Age mega-predator fossils remains in the market underscores the sheer rarity of such material compared to more prevalent Smilodon material on American markets. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • The marsupial lion Thylacoleo was the equal to modern lions in size and strength while the giant goanna Megalania may have been up to twice the size of it's largest living relatives. (abc.net.au)
  • The extinction of one of Australia's top predators, Thylacoleo carnifex - aka the marsupial lion - was likely a result of changing weather patterns and loss of habitat rather than human impacts, new research has found. (edu.au)
  • [8] At least 80 individuals are known from La Brea Tar Pits and the fossils define the subspecies, giving a comprehensive view of the taxon. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Bengal tiger (P. tigris tigris) is the most common subspecies of tiger, constituting approximately 80 percent of the entire tiger population, and is found in India , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Myanmar , and Nepal . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The American Lion was the largest subspecies of lion that ever existed. (donsmaps.com)
  • To calculate its size, which was far larger than modern lions, they looked at the remains of the creature's teeth and skull. (crystalinks.com)
  • The skull, which dates from the same period as the fauna, is very similar to those found in 1921 at Broken Hill , Northern Rhodesia (now Kabwe, Zambia), and called Rhodesian man . (britannica.com)
  • Unfortunately, the construction equipment damaged Zed's skull before they realized there were fossils there. (a-z-animals.com)
  • He's been up to Riversleigh and he's one of the people who's been at the forefront of highlighting what an important fossil locality Riversleigh is on the world stage,' Dr Gillespie said. (abc.net.au)
  • Two more dating methods find that human footprints (some shown) in White Sands National Park in New Mexico are roughly 22,000 years old, aligning with a previous estimate. (sciencenews.org)
  • Human footprints in White Sands National Park in New Mexico sparked controversy two years ago when scientists found the prints to be surprisingly old, dating to about 22,000 years ago. (sciencenews.org)
  • Fossil footprints of lions, which were found together with those of reindeer, demonstrate that lions once occurred even in subpolar climates. (donsmaps.com)
  • One 130-million-year-old fossil specimen was found with the remains of a small beaked dinosaur called a Psittacosaurus in its stomach. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Found only in the western hemisphere, this 14,000 y.o. specimen came from the La Brea Tar Pits. (darwinandwallace.com)
  • The Microleo attenboroughi fossil will eventually go on display at the Queensland Museum. (abc.net.au)
  • [5] [6] It was about 25% larger than the modern lion , making it one of the largest known felids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The larger tigers are comparable in size to the biggest fossil felids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • He estimated that $200 million of the UC system's $6 billion endowment is invested in fossil fuels. (noozhawk.com)
  • A story today by Andrew Revkin in the New York Times reveals that for more than a decade the Global Climate Coalition, a group representing industries with profits tied to fossil fuels, led an aggressive lobbying and public relations campaign against the idea that emissions of heat-trapping gases could lead to global warming. (biofortified.org)
  • The remains of this cat have been found in Florida, along with those of giant prehistoric peccaries (pig-like animals), which were seemingly its favorite meal. (listverse.com)
  • They coexisted with primitive humans such as Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon man and prehistoric European cave paintings (SEE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE) have been found depicting these beasts as well as Paleolithic ivory carvings and clay figures. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • Among his most notable finds: the first nearly complete skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus Rex. (washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com)
  • Another version of the cave lion skeleton on display at the Museum of Natural History, Vienna. (donsmaps.com)
  • A nearly complete skeleton was found in 2009 and given the name "Zed. (a-z-animals.com)
  • For more than 30,000 years, northern Russia's cold permafrost has preserved the small bodies of two furry and wide-pawed cave lion cubs, one of them in almost pristine condition, a new study found. (crystalinks.com)
  • The two mummified cubs, nicknamed Uyan and Dina after the Uyandina River where they were found, were just about 1 week old when they died, likely crushed by extensive collapse of the sediments in the den. (crystalinks.com)
  • This difference is most pronounced in the cave lion cubs, in which, however, the fur is not differentiated to the same extent as in the adult. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Evidence as to whether tyrannosaurs also engaged in scavenging is much harder to find, however, since remnants of their meals don't reveal how the carnivores actually came upon their food. (foxnews.com)
  • Recent scientific studies reveal a fascinating and brutal former world that existed in the last Ice Age of Europe where Cave Hyenas and Cave Lions hunted and fed on each other as well as Cave Bears and even humans such as Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • Its principals: stiff-collared museum directors, a raft of self-styled authorities in the new science of paleontology, and several notable robber barons, not to mention a scattering of intrepid fossil hunters. (washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com)
  • Barnum Brown was the best of the fossil hunters. (washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com)
  • Not one to hog all the fun, Alford has co-founded two citizen science organizations focused on paleontology, to inspire a love of science and discovery in others and to foster a militia of young fossil hunters. (jhu.edu)
  • Approximately one hundred specimens of American lions have been recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits, in Los Angeles, so their body structure is well known. (donsmaps.com)
  • Thousands of specimens have been found over the years. (a-z-animals.com)
  • He's found baleen whale fossils from the lower portion of the Calvert formation that predate any known specimens by nearly 5 million years. (jhu.edu)
  • Tianzhushan is internationally recognized as the most important place of Paleocene vertebrate fossils and the birthplace of rodents. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Its extinction may have been related to the Quaternary extinction event, which wiped out most of the megafauna prey in those regions.Cave paintings and remains found in the refuse piles of ancient camp sites indicate that they were hunted by early humans, which also may have contributed to their demise. (donsmaps.com)
  • As Gillespie tells Wahlquist, the arms of Wakaleo schouteni are not complete enough to directly deduce its habitat, but fossils discovered near it suggest that it too spent a lot of time in the trees, stalking its prey from tree to tree. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • These data provide evidence that the marsupial lion was an ambush predator and relied on prey that occupied denser cover," Professor DeSantis said. (edu.au)
  • The goal of this study is to provide a taphonomic analysis of bone fragments found in harpy eagle nests in the Brazilian Amazonia, utilizing the largest sample of prey remains collected to date. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1922, while serving as president of the American Museum of Natural History, Osborn received a fossil of a tooth found in Nebraska. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Now researchers investigating a 35-inch-long (90-centimeter-long) upper arm bone or humerus from the large herbivorous duck-billed dinosaur Saurolophus suggest tooth marks on the fossil are hints that tyrannosaurs were scavengers with a delicate touch. (foxnews.com)
  • Science News was founded in 1921 as an independent, nonprofit source of accurate information on the latest news of science, medicine and technology. (sciencenews.org)
  • scientists believe that jaguars used to be open plain denizens, but that competition with American lions and other big cats forced them to adapt to more forested environments, where they developed their modern short-legged appearance. (listverse.com)
  • As fearsome as giant tyrannosaurs such as T. rex were, scientists have found what may be the first evidence of these "terrible lizards" being dainty scavengers. (foxnews.com)
  • It then becomes fairly easy to argue that all the scientists need to do is go find out just a little more information, and then the opposition will change its minds. (biofortified.org)
  • It was comparable in size to its Pleistocene relative the Cave Lion, but about 25% larger than a modern African lion. (donsmaps.com)
  • Tar pits are especially important for studying fossils and finding well-preserved animal remnants. (a-z-animals.com)
  • They found some of the animal's teeth exposed on a small block of limestone, which is understood to be about 18 million years old. (abc.net.au)
  • Although their spectacularly large, sharp teeth might seem proof of them being predators, even powerful modern carnivores such as lions engage in scavenging as opportunity allows. (foxnews.com)
  • The features and teeth of the extinct American lion strongly resemble modern lions, but they were considerably larger. (donsmaps.com)
  • Paleontologists originally called them lions because of their status as top predators, sporting a pair of blade-like teeth. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The lion is about to sink its teeth into the barbarian's head. (livescience.com)
  • It weighs 11 ounces (304 grams) and captures the moment the lion sinks its teeth into the barbarian's head. (livescience.com)
  • By studying the chemical signature preserved within fossil teeth, the team was able to determine that the marsupial lion hunted primarily in forests, rather than open habitats. (edu.au)
  • Palaeontologists from UNSW Sydney, University of Queensland and Vanderbilt University (Tennessee) addressed the question about the demise of the marsupial lion by looking into the powerful carnivore's chemistry. (edu.au)
  • Other feud highlights included a series of snippy 'he said, he said' pieces in the New York Herald, and the time the Smithsonian confiscated much of Marsh's fossil collection after Cope accused him of misusing tax dollars to hoard fossils for himself. (mentalfloss.com)
  • He lent some finds to the Smithsonian. (jhu.edu)
  • For nearly two million years the marsupial lion was one of Australia's top predators. (edu.au)
  • In recognition of the importance of the find, paleontologists at the Page Museum have nicknamed the mammoth "Zed. (sott.net)
  • The study of these ancient fossils provides us with cautionary lessons for the future: climate change can impact even the fiercest predators. (edu.au)
  • A 195-million-year-old creature, the size of a paper clip, found in 1985 in the Yunnan province, is believed to be a missing link between reptiles and mammals. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Repenomanus giganticus" was a similar creature whose fossils were also found in Liaoning. (factsanddetails.com)
  • As Gillespie writes at The Conversation , the creature is not really a lion, but a thylacoleonidae-a group of marsupials that existed in Australia between 24 million and 30,000 years ago. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • We think because of the diversity of the fossils that have been recovered, it was probably a closed forest environment, very much like a rainforest. (abc.net.au)
  • The marsupial lion is the largest meat-eating mammal known to have ever existed in Australia, and one of the largest marsupial carnivores from anywhere in the world (although see Thylacosmilus and Borhyaena). (crystalinks.com)
  • For every herbivore found trapped in the tar pits, there are ten carnivores. (a-z-animals.com)
  • There are hundreds of fossil sites across Australia that record the last million years or so of life across the continent. (abc.net.au)
  • He said it was the largest of many kinds documented by Dr Anna Gillespie of UNSW, on the basis of the 25 million-year-long fossil record from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in Queensland. (edu.au)
  • Only a small fraction of life makes it into the fossil record. (houseofwhitley.com)
  • But to do that you need a detailed fossil record and a density of information. (jhu.edu)
  • Any and all fossil remains of the European Cave Lion are EXTRAORDINARILY RARE but major post-cranial remains such as a primary limb bone can be considered a once-in-a-lifetime find. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • The cave lion received its common name because large quantities of its remains are found in caves, but it is doubtful whether they lived in them. (donsmaps.com)
  • Three different types of giant ground sloth remains have been found in the tar pits. (a-z-animals.com)
  • An international team of researchers - including experts from the National Museums of Kenya and the universities of Utah and Arkansas - found the fossil at Natodomeri in northwest Kenya. (crystalinks.com)
  • It's only the fourth fossil of the ancient American lion found in Mississippi, according to the news outlet. (crystalinks.com)
  • 130-million-year-old mammals found in China In ancient times parts of China were inhabited by giant orangutan-like apes, ancient hoses, saber toothed tigers, giant hyenas, mastodons, elephants, and ancestors of giant pandas. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Archaeologists in the United Kingdom have discovered an ancient Roman key handle that depicts a grisly scene - a lion devouring a shaggy-haired barbarian, while four spooked cupid-like youths look on, likely awaiting the same fate, a new study reports. (livescience.com)
  • Most rare of all is a well-preserved male Columbian mammoth fossil, about 80% complete, with 10-feet long intact tusks found in an ancient river bed near the other discoveries. (sott.net)
  • It was as big as most adult male lions and tigers and was much more robust, with shorter, stronger limbs and a very powerful neck. (listverse.com)
  • Unlike modern lions, tigers, wolves, and any other animals that are known to be dangerous and menacing, children can't see these amazing creatures in the context of today's reality. (creationstudies.org)
  • Elephant Seal Research Group (ESRG) has been tracking the habits of elephant seals at Sea Lion Island for over 20 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the end of October, a Mississippi resident made a rare discovery along the drought-stricken Mississippi River - a fossilized jawbone from an American lion that roamed the area roughly 11,000 years ago. (crystalinks.com)
  • We've been collecting fossils from Riversleigh for nearly 40 years, and we've got over 200 sites,' she said. (abc.net.au)
  • In a nutshell, faculty and students are asking the UC system to freeze all new investments in the 200 publicly traded fossil-fuel companies with the largest carbon reserves, while agreeing to develop a plan to remove all investments in these companies over the next five years. (noozhawk.com)
  • The previous oldest fossils have been perhaps 800,000 years old, leading some anthropologists to believe that primitive humans did not reach Western Europe until around half a million years ago. (vetscite.org)
  • The oldest known hominid fossils outside Africa are aged at around 1.7 million years, and come from Dmanisi, in the former Soviet republic of Georgia. (vetscite.org)
  • The European Cave Lion was larger than most living cats today and grew to average weights and lengths meeting or exceeding the largest ever recorded Siberian Tiger in modern time. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • They resembled modern lions but were about 25% larger. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The eco-minded movement, which is active on more than 350 campuses nationwide, is a response to what it says are increasing threats of climate change and social exploitation as consequences of dependency on a fossil-fuel economy. (noozhawk.com)
  • Sea ice extended further north in the Southern Ocean during the last Ice Age than previously thought, a New Zealand research team has found in a study that could improve predictions of climate change. (sott.net)
  • They even had a proportionately larger brain than African lions as well as large, uniquely formidable, large can-opener-like thumb claws," Professor Archer said. (edu.au)
  • First proposed to the EU in 2013, the EastMed pipeline is designed to bring large volumes of fossil gas into Europe. (globalwitness.org)
  • Three distinct patterns of bone survivability were found, one characterizing two-toed sloths, another characterizing medium-sized monkeys, and a third typical of woolly monkeys. (bvsalud.org)
  • The new fossil, uncovered by an experienced team of palaeoanthropologists led by Eudald Carbonell of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona, is by far the oldest human bone ever found in the region. (vetscite.org)
  • The European Cave Lion had protruding ears, little to no mane, faint tiger-like stripes and a tufted tail. (timevaultgallery.com)
  • These representations indicate that cave lions had rounded, protruding ears, tufted tails, possibly faint tiger-like stripes, and that at least some had a "ruff" or primitive mane around their neck, indicating males. (donsmaps.com)
  • Visitors to this region can also travel a little farther south to explore the stunning Sea Lion Caves. (camping.com)
  • Travelers can take tours of Sea Lion Caves and see the Stellar sea lions that make the cave their home. (camping.com)
  • The macabre bronze handle may have mirrored a real-life event, meaning it was likely "created to mark a significant occasion, an episode in which captives [were] killed in the arena by lions ," study first author John Pearce, a senior lecturer of archaeology at King's College London, told Live Science in an email. (livescience.com)
  • Certain behaviors indicate if your cats' interaction is friendly, aggressive or something in between, a new study finds. (sciencenews.org)
  • Adding an antibody already used to treat asthma to standard allergy shots improved cat allergy symptoms for a least a year, a small study finds. (sciencenews.org)
  • citation needed] The Sea Lion Islands Group has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exploring cliffs, shorelines, and blackwater rivers up and down the East Coast in search of fossils is Alford's hobby. (jhu.edu)
  • The new fossil adds credence to the idea that, after reaching Asia, some of these travellers doubled back and headed west into Europe, suggests Carbonell's colleague, José Bermúdez de Castro of the National Centre for Human Evolution Research in Burgos. (vetscite.org)
  • Oh you just found another human fossil ancestor that fills in a gap… well now you have two gaps instead of one! (biofortified.org)
  • Archaeologists found the key handle during an excavation in Leicester, England, in 2017, ahead of the construction of new hotels and shops at Grand Central Street, according to a video from the University of Leicester Archaeological Services. (livescience.com)