Formation of amino acid. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, one thing that is certain, is that life would have required amino acids at some point in order to synthesise proteins, which are responsible for a number of biological functions, such as catalysing metabolic reactions, the replication of DNA, transportation of molecules and giving structure to cells and organisms 3 . (nature.com)
However, in the human body, there are enzymes that assist in facilitating this reaction, making peptide bond formation and proteins possible. (wikibooks.org)
Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for GCE IB advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry the chemistry of amino acids structure and reactions 20 which amino acids are in proteins? (docbrown.info)
There are many amino acids essential to life and are found combined together in proteins e.g tissue, enzymes. (docbrown.info)
Amino acids are the building blocks for these substances form long chains called polypeptides or proteins. (docbrown.info)
Therefore, proteins are composed of numerous amino acids bonded together through polypeptides. (proprofs.com)
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids, and proteins are formed when these chains come together and interact with each other. (proprofs.com)
They form the fabric of proteins, which serve as catalysts for biological processes, but they themselves require enzymes to control their formation from amino acids," explained the study's lead author, Dr. Matthew Powner (UCL Chemistry). (phys.org)
What type of interaction is NOT directly responsible for the formation of tertiary structure in proteins? (flashcardmachine.com)
The latter acids, which are not found in proteins today, had the potential to chemically react just as well (or better than) the biological ones. (universetoday.com)
What's more, the team anticipated that the inclusion of these acids would give the biological ones a run for their money and might even lead to the c r eation of new proteins. (universetoday.com)
However, the reactions resulted mostly in the formation of peptides (two or more amino acid building blocks linked together) that were closer to today's actual proteins. (universetoday.com)
From this, the team hypothesized that prefabricated amino acid chains that are useful in living systems evolved before life had found a way to make proteins. (universetoday.com)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins, as well as the intermediates in metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This feature of amino acids allows them to polymerize to form proteins as well as peptides, which generally have shorter amino acid chain length. (sigmaaldrich.com)
As the building blocks of proteins, amino acids are critical for inclusion in cell culture media. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Our polyamino acids have properties that mimic proteins, making them ideal for both drug delivery and the delivery of nucleic acids both in vitro and in vivo . (sigmaaldrich.com)
When we consume proteins through food, our body breaks them back down into amino acids, which can be reused to make the proteins the body needs," registered dietitian Lisa Hayim, M.S., R.D. tells mindbodygreen. (mindbodygreen.com)
There are a total of 20 amino acids that human bodies require to produce all the proteins needed to function and grow. (mindbodygreen.com)
Although animal proteins such as beef, eggs, fish, dairy, and poultry contain good amounts of all nine essential amino acids (making them "complete" proteins), you can also obtain essential amino acids from plant-based foods . (mindbodygreen.com)
There are approximately twenty-eight amino acids that combine in various ways to create hundreds of different types of proteins. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
Amino Acids are small molecules that join together to form proteins. (nivea.co.uk)
Amino Acids are constantly involved in the process of creating connective, structural proteins that allow the skin to toughen up whilst maintaining its smooth texture. (nivea.co.uk)
Collagen is also essential for the skin's natural renewal process, so eating foods rich in proteins or utilising products made of Collagen Amino Acids is recommended. (nivea.co.uk)
Methionine is required for the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, a universal methyl donor for almost 100 different substrates, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids [ 3 , 5 ]. (nih.gov)
L-Tyrosine is an amino acid valuable for the formation of hormones and proteins. (findingoptimism.com)
A method for esters of amino acids from their mixtures, formed by the hydrolysis of proteins, as well as methods of separation of reaction products. (rin.ru)
Simultaneous reduction of MBTS and disulfide formation with Cys34 on bovine serum albumin was observed, suggesting a potential route of protein haptenation through covalent bonding between cysteinyl residues on proteins and the MBT/MBTS thiol moiety. (cdc.gov)
Both chemical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that the thiol group is required for MBT allergenicity and also suggest that MBT first undergoes non-enzyme mediated oxidation to MBTS with subsequent haptenation via the formation of mixed disulfides with sulfhydryl groups on proteins. (cdc.gov)
Our analysis has been the amino acid sequences in proteins differ from what is carried out using two different methods, which differ substantially expected from random sequences in a statistically significant from what is used in ref. 3, although the starting point is similar. (lu.se)
PROT data base (6) of functional proteins, this method yields model containing only two amino acid types, hydrophobic and clear evidence for nonrandomness. (lu.se)
To under- denoted the AB model, consists of chains of two kinds of stand the statistical distribution of hydrophobicity along proteins ``amino acids'' interacting with Lennard-Jones potentials. (lu.se)

Peptides, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, can be formed from the primitive precursors of amino acids under conditions similar to those expected on the primordial Earth, finds a new UCL study. (phys.org)
Peptides, which are chains of amino acids, are an absolutely essential element of all life on Earth. (phys.org)
He and his team have demonstrated that the precursors to amino acids, called aminonitriles, can be easily and selectively turned into peptides in water, taking advantage of their own built-in reactivity with the help of other molecules that were present in primordial environments. (phys.org)
Many researchers have sought to understand how peptides first formed to help life develop, but almost all of the research has focused on amino acids, so the reactivity of their precursors was overlooked," said Dr. Powner. (phys.org)
And then amino acids must be recharged with energy to make peptides. (phys.org)
This is the first time that peptides have been convincingly shown to form without using amino acids in water, using relatively gentle conditions likely to be available on the primitive Earth," said co-author Dr. Saidul Islam (UCL Chemistry). (phys.org)
Amino Acids also help to promote the production of Peptides, which can help to reduce the formation of wrinkles and also promote skin regeneration. (nivea.co.uk)

in addition, the α-carbon bears a side chain, which is different for different amino acids. (wikibooks.org)
To investigate the relation between protein stability and the predicted stabilities of individual secondary structural elements, residue Pro86 in an alpha-helix in phage T4 lysozyme was replaced by ten different amino acids. (rcsb.org)

One of the most important functions of vitamin B6 is its role in protein metabolism as the vitamin B6 coenzymes are required to metabolise amino acids. (sun.ac.za)
Amino acids are commonly used as supplements in cell culture media and in metabolism research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA in the metabolism of propionate, a short-chain fatty acid [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
L-arginine is considered a semi-essential amino acid, and is involved in growth hormone release, the production of nitric oxide, and the metabolism of ammonia waste in the urea cycle. (nutricology.com)
L-methionine is an essential sulfur-bearing amino acid that supports liver detoxification, liver fat metabolism, and energy production. (nutricology.com)
Taurine's role in bile formation is important for fat metabolism and blood cholesterol control. (diagnose-me.com)
The formation of propionyl CoA in human metabolism is derived from many sources, chiefly catabolism of a number of essential amino acids (isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine). (medscape.com)
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. (bvsalud.org)

Methionine synthase catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to the essential amino acid methionine [ 1 , 2 ]. (nih.gov)
Taurine is a non-essential amino acid, synthesized in the body from methionine and cysteine. (diagnose-me.com)

Peptide synthesis from NCAs does not require protection of the amino acid functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
Maruoka, K. and Ooi, T. (2003) Enantioselective Amino Acid Synthesis by Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysis. (scirp.org)
Vedha-Peters, K., Gunawardana, M., Rozzell, J.D. and Novick, S.J. (2006) Creation of a Broad-Range and Highly Stereoselective d-Amino Acid Dehydrogenase for the One-Step Synthesis of d-Amino Acids. (scirp.org)
Kimura, T., Vassilev, V.P., Shen, G.-J. and Wong, C.H. (1997) Enzymatic Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acids Based on Recombinant d- and l-Threonine Aldolases. (scirp.org)

Unexpectedly, all ten amino acid substitutions marginally reduce protein thermostability. (rcsb.org)
Most ACAD9 gene mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the ACAD9 enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
How did amino acids, the chemical building blocks of life, come together roughly four billion years ago to create the first protein molecules? (universetoday.com)
For decades, scientists have had theories about how the first amino acids came together to form protein molecules. (universetoday.com)
Mutations associated with this condition change a single protein building block (amino acid) in the K86 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The amino acid changes usually occur in a region of the K86 protein thought to be important in intermediate filament formation. (medlineplus.gov)
Amino acids are the foundation of protein-one of the three macronutrients that make up the bulk of the human diet. (mindbodygreen.com)
Each car is an amino acid, yet the whole train is the protein. (mindbodygreen.com)
Nine of them are called "essential" amino acids: These organic molecules obtained from protein-containing foods are crucial to countless processes in our bodies, including giving cells their structure, forming organs and muscles, repairing tissue, producing energy, and more. (mindbodygreen.com)
While it's true that most plant foods don't contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions, vegetarians and vegans can ensure healthy intake by consuming a variety of plant protein sources over the course of a day. (mindbodygreen.com)
Pet foods high in protein may or may not contain all the necessary amino acids to maintain proper health of a pet. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
215-218 Because of its amino acid transfer ability, the body can produce non-essential amino acids from available amino groups, as well as metabolize protein and urea. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Mealworms are one of the most nutritious, complete protein sources for parrots since they contain all the amino acids that are required for good health in our feathered friends. (kelleysislandnature.com)
Also conducted research in the chemistry of amino acids and protein. (rin.ru)
ments of the amino acids along the protein chains. (lu.se)
This model, hereafter formation of three-dimensional protein structures. (lu.se)
formation has come, not from solution studies, but from Whereas theoretical studies of protein self-association are crystallography. (lu.se)

The essential amino acid taurine must not be missing: it is indispensable for the development and maintenance of the health of the eyes, ears, heart, immune system, and reproduction. (thedogman.net)
Taurine is an essential amino acid. (thedogman.net)
Twelve can be synthesised from other amino acids, but eight cannot and are referred to as essential amino acids and must be found in our diet . (docbrown.info)
Water is essential for the process of peptide bond formation, which links amino acids together to form polypeptides. (proprofs.com)
The findings may also be useful to the field of synthetic chemistry, as amide bond formation is essential for many commercially important synthetic materials, bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. (phys.org)
The Building Blocks of Life Essential amino acids are the energy source and building blocks for cellular growth, regeneration, repair and survival as well as to regulate gene expression. (trivita.com)
The dominating essential and non-essential amino acids were lysine and leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine, respectively. (scirp.org)
Another class of biomolecules of nutritional value from macroalgae is the essential ω3 fatty acids, which are composed of long-chain PUFAs. (scirp.org)
While the evolutionary forces driving these polyphyletic deletion events are not well understood, the consequence is that extant metazoans are unable to produce nine essential amino acids (EAAs). (elifesciences.org)
In this report, the authors devised synthetic genomic strategies to introduce essential amino-acid biosynthetic pathways into mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
Altogether, this work was found to be of substantial interest as it provides pioneering evidence that mammalian systems may be permissive to the restoration of essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways and is thus anticipated to have a broad impact in the fields of synthetic biology, biotechnology and beyond. (elifesciences.org)
Whole genome sequencing across the tree of life has revealed the surprising observation that nine essential amino acid (EAA) biosynthesis pathways are missing from the metazoan lineage ( Payne and Loomis, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
Amino acids can be classified into three groups: essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and conditional amino acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) are those that are typically made by the organism, but can be added to culture media - individually or in the form of an NEAA cocktail - as a supplement to stimulate cell growth and promote longevity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Here's what you need to know about amino acids, including what each essential one does, both plant and animal sources of each, insight on supplemental amino acids, and the latest on branched-chain amino acids. (mindbodygreen.com)
There are 9 essential amino acids that your body needs to function and thrive but can't produce on its own so you need to get them from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
Others are considered conditionally essential amino acids, meaning that they're nonessential 1 (i.e., your body produces them) except under specific circumstances, such as illness or stress. (mindbodygreen.com)
The nine essential amino acids, on the other hand, cannot be created by the body and must always be obtained from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
The 11 other essential amino acids are usually non-essential, meaning your body produces them naturally and you don't need to worry about getting them from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
The essential amino acid histidine is needed for the growth and repair of tissue, particularly for the maintenance of myelin sheaths-sleeves of fatty tissue that protect nerve cells, ensuring that they're able to send and receive messages. (mindbodygreen.com)
The nutrients found in Amino Acids play an essential role in your skin as they contain many qualities that promote skin health. (nivea.co.uk)
Each Amino Acid has essential benefits regarding specific aging concerns. (nivea.co.uk)
Essential Amino Acids: These are Amino Acids that are not produced by the body and are only gained through eating specific foods and taking supplements that contain them. (nivea.co.uk)
Non-essential Amino Acids: These are Amino Acids that have been produced by the body. (nivea.co.uk)
Add fiber and essential fatty acids with Flax Seeds each day! (vitanetonline.com)
Humic/Fulvic Acid - These acids are essential in developing a fertile soil by enhancing CEC (cation exchange capacity, improving water retention and restricting toxins in the soil. (arbico-organics.com)
L-lysine is an essential amino acid that is involved with calcium absorption, collagen formation, and the production of bone tissue. (nutricology.com)
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays a specialized role as an ion and pH buffer in the body, and is also an antioxidant. (nutricology.com)
L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid and a precursor to adrenaline, norepinepherine, dopamine and L-dopa. (nutricology.com)
A nonessential amino acid but may be essential for individuals with certain diseases or nutritional concerns. (diagnose-me.com)

NCAs are prone to hydrolysis to the parent amino acid: RCHNHC(O)OC(O) + H2O → H2NCH(R)CO2H + CO2 Some derivatives however tolerate water briefly. (wikipedia.org)

For efficient Phase Two detoxification, the liver cells require sulfur-containing amino acids such as taurine and cysteine. (diagnose-me.com)

The general formula for alpha amino acids is R-CH(NH 2 )-COOH, where R can be H or a wide variety of organic groups. (docbrown.info)
Opened (1906) obtaining the reaction of Alpha-amino acids from aldehydes or ketones action of a mixture of potassium cyanide with ammonium chloride and subsequent hydrolysis produced Alfa-aminonitrilov. (rin.ru)

The coenzymes participate in reactions that allow a cell to synthesize nonessential amino acids. (sun.ac.za)

They can enhance water absorption making them pairable with ingredients used to maintain skin hydration, like Hyaluronic Acid. (nivea.co.uk)
Hyaluronic Acid - The Key to Joint Health? (vitanetonline.com)

The findings highlight the importance of aqueous chemistry for defining the ultimate concentrations of amino acids in primitive extraterrestrial samples. (nature.com)

For their study, the research team conducted an experiment where a small selection of amino acids (lysine, arginine, and histidine) were placed together with three non-biological competitor amino acids. (universetoday.com)
In particular, the researchers thought that the non-biological amino acids would outcompete the biological amino acid known as lysine and that lysine would not be able to form chains reliably. (universetoday.com)

The amino acid score of the nine algae varied from 44% to 92%, the most commonly first limiting amino acid being histidine. (scirp.org)

The amino and the carboxyl groups of amino acids react to form a covalent amide linkage, called a peptide bond. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In the case of polypeptides, covalent bonds form between the amino acids, which make up the polypeptide chain. (proprofs.com)

Maillard reaction is a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino acid moieties, which is known as one of the most important modifications in food science. (hindawi.com)

This consisted of putting the selected amino acids in water containing hydroxy acids, which are known to facilitate amino acid reactions and would have been common on prebiotic Earth. (universetoday.com)
the mitochondrial CoA, thus freed, can participate in other reactions or once again become involved in formation of propionyl CoA. (medscape.com)

Amino acids consist of a primary amine bound to an aliphatic carbon atom (the so-called α-carbon), which in turn is bound to a carboxylic acid group. (wikibooks.org)
A very small fraction of amino acid molecules will be neutral, with a deprotonated amino group and a protonated carboxylic acid group. (wikibooks.org)
An amino acid molecule contains at least one carboxylic acid group ( -COOH ) and at least one amine group ( -NH 2 ). (docbrown.info)
This is the 2nd carbon atom in the chain next to the carboxylic acid group. (docbrown.info)

Take this polypeptide definition, formation, and structure quiz to see if you understand the polypeptides wholly. (proprofs.com)
This quiz has basic questions about polypeptides' structure, processes, and everything related to polypeptide formation. (proprofs.com)
Polypeptides help make up ________ by bonding numerous amino acids together. (proprofs.com)
Polypeptides are chains of amino acids that are formed through the process of peptide bonding. (proprofs.com)
What does the formation of Polypeptides involve? (proprofs.com)
The formation of polypeptides involves water. (proprofs.com)

Amino acids (AAs) are a group of organic molecules in which each is comprised of a basic amino group (-NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Found in foods such as eggs, brewer's yeast, carrots, chicken, fish, brown rice, whole grains, and cabbage, vitamin B6 (along with B12 and folic acid) plays a beneficial role in maintaining already healthy homocysteine levels within normal range. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (bvsalud.org)

Two amino acids with different side chains react when the amino-terminus (red) of one joins the carboxy-terminus (blue) of another are linked by an amide bond (green). (wikibooks.org)

The ACAD9 enzyme also plays a role in fatty acid oxidation, a multistep process that occurs within mitochondria to break down (metabolize) fats and convert them into energy. (medlineplus.gov)
The ACAD9 enzyme helps metabolize two fats called palmitate and oleate, which belong to a certain group of fats called long-chain fatty acids. (medlineplus.gov)

How do YBCO superconductors react with hydrochloric acid? (phys.org)

Cysteine reduced MBTS to MBT with subsequent formation of the mixed disulfide 2-amino-3-(benzothiazol- 2-yl disulfanyl)-propionic acid. (cdc.gov)

However, the overwhelming majority of molecules will be in a Zwitterion tautomer , with a positive charge on the (protonated) amino group and a negative charge on the (deprotonated) carboxylate group. (wikibooks.org)
The molecules that served as substrates to help the formation of the amide bonds in the experiments are outgassed during volcanism and are all likely to have been present on the early Earth. (phys.org)
Messenger RNA is matched to molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the ribosomes to create amino acids. (bartleby.com)

Furthermore, the relationships between the amino acids and the geochemistry suggest that DMG formed on the Ryugu progenitor body during aqueous alteration. (nature.com)
More complex meteoritic amino acids are thought to require aqueous processing and are thus thought to form on planetesimals while they are hot enough to sustain liquid water 14 . (nature.com)
In a neutral aqueous solution, amino acids exist in two forms. (wikibooks.org)

Vitamin B6 aids the conversion of the amino acid, tryptophan, to niacin. (sun.ac.za)
Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, is an important component of the coenzyme PLP, which metabolizes amino acids. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

Загальні відомості про вітаміни Vitamins may be Fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) Water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C) The B vitamins include biotin, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (B2), thiamin (B1). (msdmanuals.com)

Some amino acids enhance the defense system by stimulating the antioxidant activity of certain enzymes and can help prevent skin and coat problems. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)

In sickle cell anemia, a point mutation on the β-globin gene results in glutamic acid substituting for valine at position 6 of the amino acid sequence. (medscape.com)

Manganese is required for the activation of prolidase, and enzyme that functions to provide the amino acid, proline, for collagen formation in human skin cells, hence, improve in wound healing. (merryclinic.com)

Ueber die Glycin-carbonsäure" [About the glycine-carboxylic acid]. (wikipedia.org)

The primary suffix name for an aliphatic carboxylic acid is based on the ' longest carbon chain name *' for the - COOH bond system e.g. ethanoic acid, propanoic acid etc. (docbrown.info)

They are the reversible imine formation, the internal resonance assisted Hydrogen Bonding (RAHB) and the additional hydrogen bonds between the amino acids and the heterocylic moiety of the pendant groups. (scirp.org)

Other mutations affect the ACAD9 enzyme's structure or stability and likely disrupt both complex I assembly and long-chain fatty acid oxidation. (medlineplus.gov)
ACAD9, a complex I assembly factor with a moonlighting function in fatty acid oxidation deficiencies. (medlineplus.gov)

Amino Acids are effective antioxidants, which means that they can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin complexion and even protect your skin from damaging free radicals. (nivea.co.uk)

NCAs are typically prepared by phosgenation of amino acids: They were first synthesized by Hermann Leuchs by heating an N-ethoxycarbonyl or N-methoxycarbonyl amino acid chloride in a vacuum at 50-70 °C: A moisture-tolerant route to unprotected NCAs employs epoxides as scavengers of hydrogen chloride. (wikipedia.org)
Typically amino acid D/L ratios are measured in the total preserved organic material in the carbonate shells of marine fossils. (confex.com)

More vitamin B12 is released from its food matrix by the activity of hydrochloric acid and gastric protease in the stomach, where it then binds to haptocorrin [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)

Our goal is to minimize the influence of diagenetic effects on intra-shell variability in amino acid concentration and D/L ratios by selectively removing intercrystalline amino acids, which could potentially reduce intra-sample variability and enhance the dating capability of aminostratigraphy. (confex.com)

A peptide chain will have an unbound amino group free at one end (called the N-terminus) and a single free carboxylate group at the other end (called the C-terminus). (wikibooks.org)

We manufacture custom polyamino acids for specific molecular weight ranges or polydispersity ranges (size distribution). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Mixtures of Group 2 herbicides with the amino acid-inhibiting herbicides glyphosate (Group 9) and glufosinate (Group 10), however, can improve weed control and may delay herbicide resistance development. (bioone.org)

Moreover, we can conjugate polyamino acids to active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for your drug delivery use. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This product with its specifically blended natural ingredients, contains all the critical amino acids that must be introduced through the diet for proper health. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
This makes Amino Acids great ingredients for anti-aging products. (nivea.co.uk)
But Mikro-BW also adds additional non-microbial ingredients - it also contains Amino Acids, Kelp Extract, Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid. (arbico-organics.com)

Amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, also called Leuchs' anhydrides, are a family of heterocyclic organic compounds derived from amino acids. (wikipedia.org)

There are different mechanisms of Maillard reaction to produce various final products via the formation of complex intermediates [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Experimentally proved the formation of methylene radicals as intermediates in organic catalysis. (rin.ru)

At the same time, they lose large amounts of the taurine they ingest with the bile acids, which are secreted into the intestines to absorb fat. (thedogman.net)
Taurine has been found to be particularly concentrated in the heart with its levels exceeding the combined total of all other amino acids. (diagnose-me.com)

Amino acids have a _______ chemical group. (proprofs.com)

They found that aminonitriles have the innate reactivity to achieve peptide bond formation in water with greater ease than amino acids. (phys.org)
Another surprise was the fact that the biological amino acids beat out the non-biological ones in terms of reactivity. (universetoday.com)

During periods without food (fasting), fatty acids are also an important energy source for the liver and other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy13

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care2

Proteins33

Peptides7

Different amino acids2

Metabolism8

Methionine2

Synthesis4

Protein17

Essential30

Derivatives1

Sulfur-containing1

Alpha amino acids2

Nonessential amino acids1

Hyaluronic Acid2

Chemistry1

Lysine2

Histidine1

Carboxyl groups1

Covalent1

Sugars1

Reactions2

Carboxylic acid group4

Polypeptides6

Acidic1

Folic acid2

Chains1

Fats2

React1

Cysteine1

Molecules3

Aqueous3

Vitamin B62

Folate1

Enzymes1

Glutamic acid1

Collagen formation1

Glycine1

Aliphatic1

Hydrogen bonds1

Fatty acid oxid2

Antioxidants1

Typically2

Hydrochloric acid1

Selectively1

Peptide chain1

Molecular weight1

Mixtures1

Ingredients4

Heterocyclic1

Intermediates2

Taurine2

Chemical1

Reactivity2

Liver1