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AldehydesAldehyde DehydrogenaseAldehyde OxidoreductasesAldehyde ReductaseAcetaldehydeAcroleinBenzaldehydesDisulfiramKetonesRetinal DehydrogenaseAlcoholsAlkadienesAlcohol OxidoreductasesStereoisomerismCyanamideAlcohol DehydrogenaseCatalysisOxidation-ReductionMolecular StructureNADSubstrate SpecificityKineticsAlkenesSjogren-Larsson SyndromeNADPGlyceraldehydeAldehyde-LyasesChemistry, OrganicIridiumLiverHydrogenationIsoenzymesPhosphoramide MustardsAcetalsOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaFatty AlcoholsCoenzymesEstersLipid PeroxidationMolecular Sequence DataMolybdenumCyclizationPropanolsTungstenAmino Acid SequenceChloral HydrateFuraldehydeAlkanesAllyl CompoundsFlushingSilanesEthanolPlasmalogensGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryXanthine OxidaseHydrazonesXanthine DehydrogenaseAlkynesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidVibrioCarboxylic AcidsGlyoxalMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAminesSemicarbazidesOrganic Chemistry ProcessesBoranesVolatilizationIminesCombinatorial Chemistry TechniquesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLewis AcidsAminationLigninAmino AlcoholsPyruvaldehydeBenzyl AlcoholsMitochondria, LiverMass SpectrometryWaxesGlutaralFormaldehydeSchiff BasesRetinaldehydeBiotransformation
DehydrogenaseOxidationKetonesCarboxylic acidsEnzymeAromatic aldehydesOxidase activityAliphatic aldehydesKetoneSulfite oxidaseReactiveReactionAdductsPutativeHydrolysisUnique fingerprintDerivativesHydrogenComplexesBiomarkersOxidoreductaseEstersCrotonaldehydeVolatileAccumulationGeneticCarbonyl compoundsMolybdenumMechanismOrganicSubstrateDetectionAlcoholsAcroleinGiveDiagnosisCombustionGroupsBreathReductionAcidStructure
Dehydrogenase9
Oxidation12
  • Compared to EAC, squamous mucosa for healthy controls (SqN) was defined by a strong aldehyde oxidation theme (Fig. 1 a, b and Supplementary Data 3 ), suggesting reduced aldehyde defense in EAC tissue. (nature.com)
  • Kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes, to the corresponding carboxylic acids, by bis(2,2′-bipyridyl) copper(II) permanganate ( BBCP ) has been studied. (ias.ac.in)
  • k obs = a + b [H + ]. The oxidation of MeCDO exhibited a substantial kinetic isotope effect ( k H / k D = 4.33 at 303 K). The role of aldehyde hydrate in the oxidation process has been discussed. (ias.ac.in)
  • Oxidation of nine primary aliphatic alcohols by pyridinium bromochromate (PBC) leads to the formation of corresponding aldehydes. (ias.ac.in)
  • the hydrogen-ion dependence has the form k obs = c+d [H + ]. The oxidation of [1, 1- 2 H 2 ] ethanol (MeCD 2 OH) exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect. (ias.ac.in)
  • Ageing in the form of oxidation can occur during storage and use. (offshore-technology.com)
  • Common oxidation products are aldehydes, acids, and polymers. (offshore-technology.com)
  • Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), a complex of chromium trioxide with pyridine and HCl is a better oxidizing agent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in good yield. (topperlearning.com)
  • Many compounds are not allergenic themselves but are activated in the skin (e.g., metabolically) or before skin contact (e.g., via air oxidation) to form skin sensitizers. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic defect in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome results in deficient activity of FALDH, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] FALDH is a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of fatty alcohol to aldehyde and fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] FALDH is involved in the oxidation of fatty aldehydes produced by catabolism of ether glycerolipids (plasmalogens), which are prominent phospholipids in myelin. (medscape.com)
Ketones17
Carboxylic acids3
Enzyme3
  • Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1) is a molybdenum enzyme with high toxicological importance, but its physiological role is still unknown. (unl.pt)
  • Three forms of the enzyme, FMO1 found in fetal liver, FMO2 found in adult liver, and FMO3 are encoded by genes clustered in the 1q23-q25 region. (nih.gov)
  • Classic xanthinuria is one form of xanthinuria that is divided into 2 types based on the enzyme deficiency. (medscape.com)
Aromatic aldehydes4
  • Aromatic aldehydes could be promising alternative starting materials for the synthesis of bibenzyls. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Lifang Tian, Yahui Wang, Nanjing Tech University, China, and colleagues have developed a method for the electrochemical deoxygenative homo-coupling of aromatic aldehydes to give bibenzyl and stilbene derivatives. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The team transformed a variety of aromatic aldehydes in an undivided electrochemical cell with a graphite anode and a nickel cathode at a constant current of 20 mA, using acetonitrile as the solvent and Et 4 NBr as the electrolyte in the presence of triphenylphosphine and a catalytic amount of acetic acid. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The most potent derivatives formed from the condensation of 1 with aromatic aldehydes towards JIMT-1 cells are 3a and 3i, both with ratios between the IC50 values for MCF-10A and JIMT-1 cells close to 5. (lu.se)
Oxidase activity1
  • however, allopurinol is not converted in patients with type II, who lack aldehyde oxidase activity. (medscape.com)
Aliphatic aldehydes6
  • Nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal were used to reveal the effect of the number and position of unsaturated bond in aliphatic aldehydes on Maillard reaction for the generation of 88 stewed meat-like volatile compounds. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the positions of the unsaturated bonds in aliphatic aldehydes in the Maillard reaction stage were similar. (bvsalud.org)
  • The number and position of unsaturated bonds in aliphatic aldehydes generate multiple pathways of flavor compound formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2-Propylfuran and (E)-2-(2-pentenyl)furan resulted from aliphatic aldehydes. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2-Furanmethanol, 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, and 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde were derived from the interaction of aliphatic aldehydes and the Maillard reaction. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Particular, the addition of aliphatic aldehydes changed the formation pathway of 2-propylthiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde. (bvsalud.org)
Ketone5
  • An example of an aldehyde is cinnamaldehyde while the simplest form of ketone is probably acetone. (differencebetween.net)
  • The reaction tolerates various reducible functional groups, including aldehyde and ketone. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • 1. Aldehyde and Ketone IUPAC nomenclature. (utexas.edu)
  • 5. Recognize the relative order of thermodynamic stability of aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, and acid chloride carbonyl groups and be able to explain the order based upon substituent effects upon the carbocation character of the respective carbonyl groups. (utexas.edu)
  • Is this corresponding equilibrium for an aldehyde more or less favorable than for a ketone. (utexas.edu)
Sulfite oxidase1
Reactive3
  • 10 December 2020 - Acrolein and crotonaldehyde are reactive aldehydes that are produced in high volumes and used in the manufacture of numerous chemical products such as herbicides in recirculating water systems, pharmaceuticals, rubber, chemicals, leather, and food and agriculture. (who.int)
  • Acrolein is a reactive aldehyde. (who.int)
  • Accumulation of fatty aldehydes, which are highly reactive molecules, can form covalent Schiff-base derivatives with phosphatidylethanolamine, which may influence myelin membrane properties and alter the function of membrane-bound proteins. (medscape.com)
Reaction3
  • The cause is a mutarotation reaction in which the dissolved glucose transforms from one form to another. (biosyn.com)
  • The reaction is reversible and therefore water is removed as soon as it is formed. (topperlearning.com)
  • A carbohydrate module labeling approach was used to present the formation pathways of 34 volatile compounds derived from the Maillard reaction with aliphatic aldehyde systems. (bvsalud.org)
Adducts5
  • The short-chain alkanals form DNA-adducts, which demonstrates genotoxicity and confirms inadequate detoxification. (nature.com)
  • This analytical method quantifies trace levels of 12 aldehydes from protein adducts in human serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Because aldehydes have the tendency to react with biological molecules to form various products, including Schiff base protein adducts, free aldehydes released into the headspace of biological samples from the Schiff base protein adducts at low pH (~3) are analyzed. (cdc.gov)
  • The method reproducibly hydrolyzes aldehyde adducts covalently bound to proteins, using automation to individually incubate samples prior to analysis with hydrochloric acid (Yeo 2004). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 16 ] Schiff-base aldehyde adducts with other amino-containing molecules, including key membrane enzymes and proteins, may also be detrimental to their function. (medscape.com)
Putative1
  • Metformin, a putative aldehyde scavenger, reduces this toxicity. (nature.com)
Hydrolysis2
  • In a sequential one-pot process for the conversion of sterically demanding N,N -diisopropylamides to aldehydes, amides are activated with EtOTf to form imidates, which are reduced with LiAlH(OR) 3 [R = t -Bu, Et] to give aldehydes by hydrolysis of the resulting hemiaminals. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • 4.What functional group does permit a direct reduction to the aldehyde function (after hydrolysis)? (utexas.edu)
Unique fingerprint1
  • Together they form a unique fingerprint. (unl.pt)
Derivatives3
  • Inoid derivatives were synthesized and stored in their aldehyde forms, and Inoid derivatives have been synthesized and stored in their aldehyde types, then were converted to major alcoholsamines just prior to compound screening. (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • Carbonyl compounds readily form stable derivatives with the DNPH reagent. (astm.org)
  • Most of the investigated compounds are semisynthetic derivatives prepared by the condensation of the natural product damsin (1) with aldehydes. (lu.se)
Hydrogen3
  • Most aliphatic amines display some solubility in water, reflecting their ability to form hydrogen bonds. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The hydrogen-ion dependence has the form k obs = a + b [H + ]+ c [H + ] 2 . (ias.ac.in)
  • Alcohols on treatment with hydrogen halides form alkyl halides. (topperlearning.com)
Complexes2
  • Some η2-aldehyde complexes insert alkenes to give five-membered metallacycles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation constants for the aldehyde-BBCP complexes and the rates of their decomposition, at different temperatures, have been evaluated. (ias.ac.in)
Biomarkers1
Oxidoreductase1
  • Therefore, patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome have deficient activity of FALDH and fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase, which results in defective metabolism of both fatty aldehyde and fatty alcohol. (medscape.com)
Esters1
Crotonaldehyde1
  • Crotonaldehyde is also formed during combustion of vehicle fuels and wood, and during thermal treatment of foodstuffs. (who.int)
Volatile2
  • Volatile aldehydes are enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients' breath and could improve early diagnosis, however the mechanisms of their production are unknown. (nature.com)
  • Broadly, these chemicals can be classified into various groups namely volatile and nonvolatile nitrosamines, Tobacco specific N Nitrosamines (TSNAs), N-Nitrosamino acids, Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aldehydes, heavy metals, and radioactive metals. (who.int)
Accumulation2
  • Here, we show that weak aldehyde detoxification characterizes EAC, which is sufficient to cause endogenous aldehyde accumulation in vitro. (nature.com)
  • Thus, we present a model for increased exhaled aldehydes based on endogenous accumulation from reduced detoxification, which also causes therapeutically actionable genotoxicity. (nature.com)
Genetic1
  • We show that short-chain genotoxic alkanals and also medium-chain alkanals are specifically enriched in EAC and associated tissues, on a genetic background of reduced aldehyde detoxification. (nature.com)
Carbonyl compounds1
  • The intermediate reacts with a triphenylphosphine cation radical and can then give a stilbene derivative with the release of two stable triphenylphosphine oxides, or be further oxidized and undergo a pinacol-type rearrangement to form carbonyl compounds. (chemistryviews.org)
Molybdenum3
  • In this study, we present the crystal structure of the inactive variant G1269R, revealing the first structure of a molybdenum cofactor (Moco)-free form of hAOX1. (unl.pt)
  • The other inherited form of xanthinuria, termed molybdenum cofactor deficiency, presents in the neonatal period with microcephaly, hyperreflexia, and other CNS manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • It resulted from the inability to form the molybdenum coenzyme despite the presence of adequate molybdenum. (msdmanuals.com)
Mechanism1
  • The team proposes a mechanism that involves a single-electron-reduction of the aldehyde to give the corresponding radical anion, followed by homo-coupling to give a diol-based intermediate. (chemistryviews.org)
Organic3
  • Aldehydes are formed as thermal degradation byproducts released into the atmosphere from the burning of organic matter such as gasoline, food flavorants, and tobacco. (cdc.gov)
  • The heightened risk is linked to exposure to a contaminant found in chlorinated water called trihalomethanes (THMs) which forms when chlorine reacts with organic material. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO. (bvsalud.org)
Substrate1
  • The structural biology group solved the structures of an SCO called NOV1 in an apo-form ( PDB ID 5J53 ), in complex with its substrate resveratrol ( PDB ID 5J54 ) and its product vanillin ( PDB ID 5J55 ). (jbei.org)
Detection1
  • This method employs isotope dilution to quantify precisely trace amounts of aldehydes with limits of detection in the low parts per trillion range. (cdc.gov)
Alcohols2
Acrolein2
  • Acrolein is also formed during combustion of fuels, wood, and plastics, and is present in ambient air pollution and vapor from electronic cigarettes. (who.int)
  • Acrolein also forms endogenously (i.e. within the body). (who.int)
Give1
  • A measurement tool such as Revelar provides a new way to give patients a very specific method to measure aldehydes, help reduce free radical damage and ultimately improve health. (chiroeco.com)
Diagnosis1
  • These results support EAC early diagnosis trials using exhaled aldehyde analysis. (nature.com)
Combustion1
  • It is formed during combustion of fuels, wood, and plastics, and is present in ambient air pollution. (who.int)
Groups1
  • Two aldehyde groups are significantly enriched in EAC biopsies and adjacent tissue: (i) short-chain alkanals, and (ii) medium-chain alkanals, including decanal. (nature.com)
Breath1
  • Revelar is breath technology designed to accurately detect and measure the presence of aldehydes, which are indicators of free radical damage in the body ( research , Rapid Commun Mass Spectrum 2003). (chiroeco.com)
Reduction1
  • Why are acid chlorides a much better choice for reduction to an aldehyde? (utexas.edu)
Acid1
  • Why is LAH an unsatisfactory reductant for the conversion of an acid chloride to an aldehyde? (utexas.edu)
Structure2
  • Glucose can exist in an open-chain form and a cyclic structure. (biosyn.com)
  • To increase the affinity of a receptor layer to long-chain aldehydes, a structure stabilization of the peptide active site via the incorporation of different linkers was studied. (bvsalud.org)