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Medulla oblongataOccurMiddleMeningiomaMeningiomasDecompressionStenosisMalformationLevel of foramen magnumCases of foramen magnumTreatment of foramen magnumPosition of the foramenLateralBase of thTumorVertebralChiariMastoid foramenPassesBipedalismRotundumAnatomicalLesionsDuralSupraorbitalIntervertebralHumansExtramedullary tumorsForward-shiftedCanalsIntracranialTemporalSymptomsHoleBoneSkull baseOvaleFossaCystsTransverseStructuresBipedalCondylar
Medulla oblongata1
  • Axial T1 MRI at the level of foramen magnum shows intermediate signal intensity mass lesion encompasses medulla oblongata (asterisk) and caused mass effect (arrowheads) note high signal nodule in lesion due to fat component (yellow arrow). (scirp.org)
Occur1
Middle1
Meningioma7
Meningiomas3
Decompression4
Stenosis7
Malformation5
Level of foramen magnum2
  • Axial T1 MRI at the level of foramen magnum shows intermediate signal intensity mass lesion encompasses medulla oblongata (asterisk) and caused mass effect (arrowheads) note high signal nodule in lesion due to fat component (yellow arrow). (scirp.org)
  • The PC VEC MRI was performed at the level of foramen magnum and syrinx cavity both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. (biomedsearch.com)
Cases of foramen magnum1
Treatment of foramen magnum1
Position of the foramen2
Lateral7
  • interventricular foramen a passage from the third to the lateral ventricle of the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Occipital condyles overhang the anterior margin of foramen magnum which articulates with the lateral masses of first cervical vertebrae and forms the Atlanto-occipital joint. (ijars.net)
  • Basilar process of the occipital bone forms the anterior border, right and left ex-occipitalis form the lateral margin and supraoccipital part of occipital bone form the posterior border of foramen magnum (2) . (ijars.net)
  • The supraorbital foramen arches transversely below the superciliary arches and is the upper part of the margin of the orbit , thin and prominent in its lateral two-thirds, rounded in its medial third, and presenting, at the junction of these two portions, the supraorbital notch or foramen for the supraorbital nerve and vessels ( supraorbital artery and supraorbital vein . (wikipedia.org)
  • The "far lateral" approach described by B. George is a milestone in the approaches to the foramen magnum region, but the development of this approach has gradually brought to consider redundant the vertebral artery transposition and the condyle drilling. (egms.de)
  • The authors report their experience in the treatment of lesions of foramen magnum region with this "less invasive far-lateral approach" (LIFLA). (egms.de)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small amount of hemorrhage in both of the lateral ventricles and an intradural extramedullary mass lesion in the left side of his foramen magnum. (biomedcentral.com)
Base of th4
  • It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part of the brain, called the cerebellum, is forced out through the foramen magnum , a hole at the base of the skull. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • All of these structures are located just above the foramen magnum, the largest opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord enters and connects to the brainstem. (aans.org)
  • The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the level of the first lumbar vertebra. (cancer.gov)
Tumor3
  • Supine view demonstrating a 2.5-cm tumor (closed arrow) at the foramen magnum displacing the spinal cord (open arrow) to the left. (thejns.org)
  • Prone view showing a 2-cm tumor at the foramen magnum (arrow) . (thejns.org)
  • Contrast-enhanced CT scan, low posterior fossa cut, demonstrating a large enhancing tumor at the foramen magnum (arrow) . (thejns.org)
Vertebral6
  • transverse foramen the passage in either transverse process of a cervical vertebra that, in the upper six vertebrae, transmits the vertebral vessels. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The vertebral arteries , the meninges , as well as the spinal roots of the accessory nerve [XI], also travel via the foramen magnum. (earthslab.com)
  • The Knowledge of size and shape of foramen magnum is helpful to neurosurgeons in cranio-vertebral surgical approaches as well as in posterior cranial fossa surgeries. (ijars.net)
  • Vertebral artery compression during roll tilt: Is the edge of the foramen magnum a culprit? (elsevier.com)
  • Neuroradiological examinations showed a homogeneous enhanced mass lesion extending from the foramen magnum to the upper aspect of the second vertebral body. (go.jp)
  • On each side of the foramen magnum there is a condyle having an articular surface which rests upon a corresponding condyle of the atlas, the upper bone of the vertebral column. (chestofbooks.com)
Chiari1
  • The knowledge of the dimensions and shape of the foramen Magnum has important clinical implications in the prognosis and treatment of various neurological pathologies like Arnold Chiari syndrome, and posterior cranial fossa lesions (10) . (ijars.net)
Mastoid foramen1
Passes5
Bipedalism2
  • However, when you look at the full range of diversity across mammals, the evidence is compelling that bipedalism and a forward-shifted foramen magnum go hand-in-hand. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Controversy has centered on the association between a forward-shifted foramen magnum and bipedalism since 1925, when Raymond Dart discussed it in his description of "Taung child," a 2.8 million-year-old fossil skull of the extinct South African species Australopithecus africanus . (eurekalert.org)
Rotundum1
Anatomical4
  • Anatomical variations of the foramen magnum , occipital condyle and jugular tubercle. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Area around foramen magnum tends to withstand the physical insult because of thick cranial base and protected anatomical position (3) . (ijars.net)
  • Patel Jignesh L, Kumar Vipin, Pandya Ashish M, Rathod Suresh P. Morphological And Morphometrical Analysis Of Foramen Magnum: An Anatomical Study. (who.int)
  • The authors review the clinical presentation, relevant anatomical details of the foramen magnum region, neuroimaging features, the posterior and posterolateral surgical approaches for resection, and outcomes. (thejns.org)
Lesions1
  • The transcondylar approach is often utilized for lesions that occupy the ventral portion around the foramen magnum. (go.jp)
Dural3
Supraorbital6
Intervertebral2
Humans5
  • The foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is a large oval opening (foramen) in the occipital bone of the skull in humans and various other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The forward shift of the foramen magnum is apparent in bipedal hominins, including modern humans, Australopithecus africanus, and Paranthropus boisei. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans the foramen magnum is situated beneath the skull, as the head is ballanced atop an erect bipedal body. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • However, in a study published in the Journal of Human Evolution , UT Austin anthropology alumna Gabrielle Russo, now an assistant professor at Stony Brook University, and UT Austin anthropologist Chris Kirk built on their own prior research to show that a forward-shifted foramen magnum is found not just in humans and their bipedal fossil relatives, but is a shared feature of bipedal mammals more generally. (eurekalert.org)
  • Their findings indicate that bipedal mammals such as humans, kangaroos, springhares and jerboas have a more forward-positioned foramen magnum than their quadrupedal close relatives. (eurekalert.org)
Extramedullary tumors1
  • The authors reviewed 102 documented cases of benign extramedullary tumors of the foramen magnum treated at their institution between 1924 and 1982. (thejns.org)
Forward-shifted1
Canals1
Intracranial1
  • Here in this paper, we described a case of intracranial (foramen magnum) dermoid cyst presented with neurologic deficits that completely removed surgically. (scirp.org)
Temporal2
  • auditory foramen, internal the passage for the auditory (vestibulocochlear) and facial nerves in the petrous part of the temporal bone. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Instead, NS alternately scanning through the squamous suture of the temporal bones and the foramen magnum could provide a better visualization of the brainstem structures. (elsevier.com)
Symptoms3
  • These changes in CSF velocity correlated with a more normal appearing foramen magnum and an improvement in symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Based on these cases, an attempt is made to distinguish foramen magnum tumors from other disease entities by a grouping of signs and symptoms. (thejns.org)
  • All patients showed various neurological symptoms corresponding with foramen magnum syndrome. (go.jp)
Hole3
Bone5
Skull base1
  • Background: Foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark of the skull base and is of particular interest foranthropology, anatomy, forensic medicine and other medical field. (who.int)
Ovale2
Fossa1
Cysts1
Transverse2
  • Morphometric measurements like anterio-posterior diameter, transverse diameter were measured and Foramen magnum index was calculated. (ijars.net)
  • transverse diameter was 28.25±1.83 mm and foramen magnum index was 83.91±6.43. (ijars.net)
Structures1
Bipedal3
  • The foramen magnum is a very important feature in bipedal mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The placement of the foramen magnum in the skull is an indication of bipedal or quadrupedal behavior. (eskeletons.org)
  • Comparison of the positioning of the foramen magnum in a bipedal springhare (left) and its closest quadrupedal relative, the scaly-tailed squirrel (right). (eurekalert.org)
Condylar1