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Acrosome ReactionSpermatozoaSperm CapacitationSperm-Ovum InteractionsZona PellucidaSperm MotilityAcrosinSperm HeadSpermatidsFertilizationSpermatogenesisEgg ProteinsCalcimycinPeanut AgglutininIonophoresEpididymisSperm TailVitelline MembraneSemen PreservationTestisOvumAsteriasInfertility, MaleSea UrchinsFertilization in VitroChlortetracyclineSemenExocytosisSperm MaturationSeminal Plasma ProteinsMicroscopy, ElectronShrewsSperm MidpieceSperm Agglutinationrab3A GTP-Binding ProteinCalciumMacropodidaeCalcium IonophoresBenzamidinesPimozideMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronCryopreservationSperm CountSemen AnalysisCell MembraneAntigens, CD46FertilityBufo arenarumBisbenzimidazoleLysophosphatidylcholinesEjaculationGuinea PigsFallopian TubesProgesteroneSperm TransportStarfishSus scrofaFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateMesocricetusCricetinaeFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectSwineNigericinFluorescent Antibody TechniqueMembrane GlycoproteinsOocytesCattleReceptors, Cell SurfaceSpermatocytesSulfuric AcidsHyaluronoglucosaminidaseCervix MucusMice, Inbred ICRAnnelidaBlotting, WesternContraceptive Agents, MalePeriodic Acid-Schiff ReactionMolecular Sequence DataMicroscopy, FluorescencePentoxifyllineMurinaeGlycoproteinsStaining and LabelingFluorescent DyesFollicular FluidMembrane FusionMarsupialiaPlant LectinsGlycoconjugatesFucoseElementsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationEnzyme PrecursorsMembrane ProteinsLectinsAmino Acid SequenceMonensinMicroscopy, Phase-ContrastElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelSeminiferous Epithelium

Human follicular fluidInhibiting acrosome reactionReactionGranulosa cellsMammalianOocytesReproductiveSpermatozoaBloodStage

Human follicular fluid2

• 9. An influx of extracellular calcium is required for initiation of the human sperm acrosome reaction induced by human follicular fluid. (nih.gov)
• Comparison between Human Follicular Fluid and SpermGrad for Sperm Preparation in Asthenozoospermia. (ecerm.org)

Inhibiting acrosome reaction1

• Glycodelin-F reduces the blinding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida which is mainly expressed in the ovary, and synthesised in the granulosa cells, has a function in principle similar to that of Glycodelin-A. It also binds the sperm head, thereby inhibiting acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. (wikipedia.org)

Reaction15

• Glycodelin F is thereby important to prevent a premature acrosome reaction. (wikipedia.org)
• 1. A new prostaglandin E receptor mediates calcium influx and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. (nih.gov)
• Inhibition of the influx by three inhibitors of the zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction: tyrphostin A48, pertussis toxin, and 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. (nih.gov)
• 4. Zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa is potentiated by glycodelin-A via down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and up-regulation of zona pellucida-induced calcium influx. (nih.gov)
• 10. Solubilization and partial purification from mouse sperm membranes of the specific binding activity for 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, a potent inhibitor of the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
• 11. Endpoint of first stage of zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction in mouse spermatozoa characterized by acrosomal H+ and Ca2+ permeability: population and single cell kinetics. (nih.gov)
• 12. Spatiotemporal characterization of intracellular Ca2+ rise during the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa induced by zona pellucida. (nih.gov)
• 13. Calcium channel antagonists inhibit the acrosome reaction and bind to plasma membranes of sea urchin sperm. (nih.gov)
• 15. The biochemistry of the acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
• 17. Initiation of the human sperm acrosome reaction by thapsigargin. (nih.gov)
• 19. ERK1/2 mediates sperm acrosome reaction through elevation of intracellular calcium concentration. (nih.gov)
• 20. [Acrosome reaction and fertilization]. (nih.gov)
• As chronic infection, vasectomy and vasovasostomy, heavy metals, and testicular cancer and torsion may induce the production of ASAs, they may be responsible for decreased motility and sperm penetration of cervical mucus, and the blockage of the acrosome reaction and the sperm-egg interaction. (medscape.com)
• The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte and is required to activate the acrosome reaction [1]. (who.int)
• In spermatozoa, several key functions are regulated by cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration such as sperm capacitation, chemotaxis, hyperactive motility, and acrosome reaction. (123dok.net)

Granulosa cells2

• Is secreted by granulosa cells into the follicular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
• Therefore, MTOR-dependent pathways in primordial or growing oocytes differentially affected downstream processes including follicular development, sex-specific identity of early granulosa cells, maintenance of oocyte genome integrity, oocyte gene expression, meiosis, and preimplantation developmental competence. (edu.au)

Mammalian2

• Studies from our laboratory have identified and characterized a few unique sperm motility regulatory proteins/glycoproteins from the male reproductive fluids and mammalian blood serum. (intechopen.com)
• However, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and produce fertilizable oocytes in vitro is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. (edu.au)

Oocytes1

• Here we show that conditional knockout (cKO) of Mtor in either primordial or growing oocytes caused infertility but differentially affected oocyte quality, granulosa cell fate, and follicular development. (edu.au)

Reproductive1

• Four distinct forms of glycoprotein, with identical protein backbones but different glycosylation profiles, are found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of the reproductive system. (wikipedia.org)

Spermatozoa1

• First, cumulus cells reduce the spermatozoa-zona binding inhibitory activity of follicular fluid probably by taking up and converting glycodelin-A and glycodelin-F into glycodelin-C. Second, spermatozoa have enhanced zona bindig ability after penetrating through the cumulus oophorus. (wikipedia.org)

Blood1

• A subset of infertile patients has been found to possess antisperm antibodies (ASAs) in semen, blood, cervical mucus or follicular fluid. (medscape.com)

Stage1

• Removal occurs during germ cell cyst breakdown and the establishment of the primordial follicle (PF) pool, during the long dormancy at the PF stage, or through follicular atresia prior to reaching the ovulatory stage. (edu.au)