• Decreasing susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to fluoroquinolones has been reported in several countries. (bmj.com)
  • however, the emergence of gonococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility or resistance to fluoroquinolones has been a significant concern in several countries, including Japan. (bmj.com)
  • The purpose of this report is to present results of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) drug susceptibility testing survey sent to participants in March 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • The number of MTBC isolates tested for drug susceptibility by the 70 participants in 2020 (excluding isolates used for quality control) is shown in Figure 2. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoroquinolones may be an alternative treatment option for disseminated gonococcal infection if antimicrobial susceptibility can be documented. (medscape.com)
  • Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) across a four-hospital health system was linked to a substantial decrease in the use of fluoroquinolones and increased susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to levofloxacin, finds a study published yesterday in Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology . (umn.edu)
  • Kentucky-based Norton Healthcare researchers led the analysis of fluoroquinolone use and antimicrobial susceptibility among hospitalized adults in the 10 years after ASP implementation, which was spearheaded by an infectious diseases pharmacist in 2011. (umn.edu)
  • On average, P aeruginosa susceptibility to levofloxacin climbed 2.7% each year and had a strong negative correlation with fluoroquinolone use. (umn.edu)
  • E coli susceptibility to levofloxacin rose, on average, 1.3% each year and also was negatively correlated with fluoroquinolone use. (umn.edu)
  • To identify MDR-TB cases, drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed for the four major first-line TB drugs. (who.int)
  • Ceftriaxone and azithromycin are first-line drugs used for empiric treatment of gonorrhea while awaiting culture and susceptibility results, but there is increasing resistance to both antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Teodora Elvira Wi from the World Health Organization in Geneva, who recently reviewed the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in gonococci, told Reuters Health by email, "Modeling of the use of point-of-care test to determine gonococcal treatment susceptibility and tailor fit patient treatment based on susceptibility information can delay the overall resistance for several years. (medscape.com)
  • Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin among others, is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluoroquinolones, they said, are the only antibiotic class available for enteral (via the gastrointestinal tract) administration for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. (umn.edu)
  • The purpose of the study is to discuss the correlation between the resistance rate of gram negative bacteria to fluoroquinolones (FQ) and antibiotic consumption intensity of 145 China tertiary hospitals in 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then the correlation between antibiotic usage and fluoroquinolones -resistant (FQR) rate was consequently investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Campylobacter gastroenteritis is generally a self-limiting disease avoiding antimicrobial prescription but, when antibiotic therapy is indicated, erythromycin and fluoroquinolone are the drugs of choice. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • 6 Fluoroquinolone, especially ciprofloxacin, was the first-line antibiotic for the treatment of shigellosis as recommended by the WHO. (researchsquare.com)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • Thus, the main global objectives of SATURN were to study the impact of antibiotic exposure on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to define strategies to improve knowledge on antibiotic selection pressure and judicious antibiotic use. (europa.eu)
  • In all, more than 10 percent of patients in the study were switched to a fluoroquinolone antibiotic when they were discharged. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Antibiotic therapy for nursing home-acquired pneumonia should target a broad range of organisms, and drug-resistant microbes should be considered when making treatment decisions. (aafp.org)
  • Dr. Yonatan H. Grad from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, in Boston, and colleagues used a mathematical model of gonorrhea transmission to estimate the time to emergence of resistance in two scenarios: POC testing for resistance to a single fluoroquinolone antibiotic (like ciprofloxacin) or POC testing for resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides (like azithromycin), and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (like ceftriaxone). (medscape.com)
  • But I was surprised that our model showed that while use of both POC tests could delay the rise in resistance to the two drugs in current empiric therapy, use of the single antibiotic POC test did not delay the emergence of strains resistant to all three antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Use of POC testing for fluoroquinolone resistance alone delayed the spread of resistance to the other two antibiotic classes but not that of triple-resistant gonorrhea (which it tended to accelerate). (medscape.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are no longer recommended to treat gonorrhea in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) were introduced as broad-spectrum antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a wide variation in the use of periprocedural prophylactic antibiotics has been demonstrated, which frequently is incurred as an inappropriate selection of antimicrobials, inadequate schedule of administration or excessive duration of prophylaxis. (bcan.org)
  • Specifically, resistance to fluoroquinolones has increased its prevalence, a group of antibiotics widely used in urology. (bcan.org)
  • Even as hospitals try to cut back on prescribing powerful but risky antibiotics for their patients, a new study shows that many of those patients still head home with prescriptions for those same drugs -- increasing their risk of everything from 'superbug' infections to torn tendons. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • In fact, the hospitals that said they are actively trying to reduce use of a group of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones were twice as likely to discharge patients with a new prescription for one of the drugs in that risky group. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The drugs accounted for 42 percent of all antibiotics prescribed at discharge. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are easy to use, but carry a lot of risk for patients and society at large,' says Valerie Vaughn, MD, MSc. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones include name-brands like Cipro and Levaquin as well as generic antibiotics whose names end in 'floxacin. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • While fluoroquinolones are just one group of antibiotics that doctors can choose from, Vaughn notes that they do carry the advantage of being able to treat a broad spectrum of infectious organisms, and to be used in patients who are allergic to penicillin. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • isolates with intermediate resistance to fluoroquinolones demonstrate ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.125--0.500 µ g/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • Excluding isolates from Hawaii and California (areas that discontinued fluoroquinolone treatment in 2000 and 2002, respectively), 6.1% and 8.6% of isolates were QRNG in 2005 and 2006, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • MICs for all isolates were determined using the agar plate dilution method, with a GC agar base (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD, USA) containing 1% Iso VitaleX (Becton Dickinson) and serial twofold dilutions of antimicrobial agents. (bmj.com)
  • In one study of E. coli clinical isolates from extraintestinal sites, predominantly urine, collected at Veterans Affairs (VA) laboratories across the U.S., the ST131 clone accounted for the majority of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL isolates and was calculated to account for 28% of all VA E. coli isolates nationwide. (ceufast.com)
  • According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) of S. dysenteriae isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • DST of second-line drugs (ofloxacin, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin) was performed on isolates from MDR-TB cases to identify pre-XDR and XDR cases. (who.int)
  • However, prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been increasing and is becoming widespread in the United States, necessitating changes in treatment regimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Prophylactic regimens against opportunistic pathogens and more potent antiretroviral drugs appear to be important factors influencing this decline in incidence. (cdc.gov)
  • GISP is a CDC-sponsored sentinel surveillance system that has been monitoring antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae in the United States since 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • Knowledge of local N gonorrhoeae susceptibilities to various antimicrobials is important for establishing a rational treatment strategy in each region. (bmj.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and associated molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated from calves. (researchsquare.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance to second-line TB drugs among MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO XR, may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. (globalrph.com)
  • Later, it focused on providing audit and feedback for patients who were taking broad-spectrum antimicrobials. (umn.edu)
  • These results demonstrate the value of stewardship services and highlight the effectiveness of an infectious diseases pharmacist led antimicrobial stewardship program," they wrote. (umn.edu)
  • This report, based on data from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), summarizes data on fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in heterosexual males and in MSM throughout the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • On the basis of the most recent evidence, CDC no longer recommends the use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of gonococcal infections and associated conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). (cdc.gov)
  • The all-oral BPaLM/BPaL regimen consists of 6 months of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin, with the option of dropping moxifloxacin for infections involving fluoroquinolone resistance. (umn.edu)
  • According to these data, the proportion of gonorrhea cases in heterosexual men that were fluoroquinolone-resistant (QRNG) reached 6.7%, an 11-fold increase from 0.6% in 2001. (medscape.com)
  • An analysis yesterday by researchers with the TB Alliance, Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization (WHO), and other groups estimates that the recently approved BPaLM/BPaL treatment regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) could save governments up to $740 million a year, enough to supply more than 400,000 people with almost a year's worth of DR-TB treatment. (umn.edu)
  • According to China antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the first half of 2018, the ciprofloxacin-resistant rate was 57.8% for Escherichia coli , 35.4% for Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, a specific strain of E. coli, sequence type 131 (ST131), has emerged globally as a major cause of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli UTIs. (ceufast.com)
  • However, Campylobacter has become increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolones with high isolation rates among human and animal strains. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. (researchsquare.com)
  • 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • Sporadic reports describe human infections with non-Typhi Salmonella that are fully fluoroquinolone resistant. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A study from Denmark suggested that infections with drug resistant Salmonellae are associated with a poorer outcome than drug susceptible infections. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In resource poor countries, such drug resistant Salmonella infections may become effectively untreatable. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They have been especially linked to the rise of drug-resistant organisms, and to potentially life-threatening gut infections with an opportunistic microbe called Clostridiodes difficile. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) represents an emerging public health problem worldwide. (who.int)
  • In 2009, the Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) implemented programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (PMDT) to diagnose and provide treatment with second-line TB drugs (SLDs) for MDR-TB under programme condition. (who.int)
  • Called antimicrobial stewardship, such programs stem from a need to curb the rise of 'superbugs' or bacteria that evolve to resist treatment and threaten patients' lives. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • If co-infection with gonorrhea suspected, do not use fluoroquinolones. (medscape.com)
  • However, these decreases have not been observed among HIV-infected injecting-drug users, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on providing currently recommended chemoprophylactic agents to all persons who have HIV infection and who meet appropriate criteria for prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial prophylaxis in urological procedures is aimed to reduce the risk of local and systemic postoperative infections such as urinary tract infection or surgical site infection. (bcan.org)
  • Consequently, only one class of drugs, the cephalosporins, is still recommended and available for the treatment of gonorrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • SUMMARY: Resistance is increasing to several critical antimicrobials used to treat invasive salmonellosis including extended spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance correlated significantly with MICs for penicillin G but not tetracycline. (bmj.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone, for example, has been widely prescribed for many different types of infections, including those that may have been more appropriately treated with an alternative drug. (umn.edu)
  • Antimicrobial therapy is the most effective way to fight shigellosis, so various kinds of drugs are widely used. (researchsquare.com)
  • After oral and parenteral administration, fluoroquinolones are widely distributed in most extracellular and intracellular fluids and are concentrated in the prostate, lungs, and bile. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The initial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986 encompassed the following indications: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (including cystitis) Complicated urinary tract infections (restricted use) Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhea (however this indication is no longer considered to be effective by some experts due to bacterial resistance) Prostatitis due to Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • The surveillance data also indicate that the incidence of some opportunistic infections is not decreasing among either men who have sex with men or injecting-drug users, indicating that preventive strategies need to be developed and applied to a wider spectrum of opportunistic infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
  • And across all 48 Michigan hospitals in the study, discharge-related prescriptions accounted for two-thirds of the entire fluoroquinolone supply prescribed to the nearly 12,000 patients treated for pneumonia or urinary tract infections. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The second-line injectable drugs are amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors noted that antimicrobial resistance, driven by inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, is a public health threat. (umn.edu)
  • Resistance to anti-TB drugs is a public health threat to controlling TB worldwide. (who.int)
  • Promptly start empiric antimicrobial therapy. (ceufast.com)
  • When starting empiric antimicrobial therapy, make sure to consider factors for drug resistance, including previous antimicrobial use, and results of recent urine cultures. (ceufast.com)
  • The Quadripartite , a group made up of experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the UN Environment Program, and the World Organization for Animal Health, launched a new platform to tackle the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threat to human and animal health and ecosystems called the Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Platform . (umn.edu)
  • Over the past decade, strains of N gonorrhoeae have been reported to develop high levels of resistance against several antimicrobial agents previously used for treatment of gonorrhoea. (bmj.com)
  • However, no recent randomized clinical trial has investigated antimicrobial prophylaxis for TURB. (bcan.org)
  • This article reviews the clinical management of nursing home-acquired pneumonia, with an emphasis on antimicrobial therapy. (aafp.org)
  • Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, are associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together, including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy , and CNS effects. (drugs.com)
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued several 'black box' warnings about their side effects - most recently in December with a warning that fluoroquinolones could cause rupture of the aorta, the huge artery leading from the heart to the rest of the body. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Each quarter from 2016 to 2020, the team calculated and reported fluoroquinolone use by days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient-days. (umn.edu)
  • Because fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO XR, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ] and for some patients uncomplicated UTI (acute cystitis) is self-limiting, reserve CIPRO XR for treatment of uncomplicated UTIs (acute cystitis) in patients who have no alternative treatment options. (globalrph.com)
  • Discontinue ciprofloxacin and avoid use of fluoroquinolones in patients with these serious adverse reactions. (drugs.com)
  • With a total budget of 7.8 M€ and a funding support of 6 M€ from the EC's 7th Framework Programme for 5 years, SATURN was coordinated by Stephan Harbarth (University of Geneva) and brought together leading European researchers in antimicrobial resistance. (europa.eu)
  • All participants reported results for three of the first-line drugs (RMP, INH and EMB) and 66 (94%) also reported results for PZA by growth-based DST methods. (cdc.gov)
  • The questionnaire was composed of two sections: (1) demographic characteristics of the participants and (2) changes in the demand for different drug categories. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, there was an increase in the demand for prescription drugs without a prescription, which was reported by 50% of the participants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For 23 laboratories reporting second-line drug results (with the exception of streptomycin), five (22%) tested all three second-line injectable drugs and at least one fluoroquinolone needed to confidently define XDR TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Because many nursing home residents take multiple medications, it is important to consider possible drug interactions. (aafp.org)
  • These organisms can be associated with antimicrobial resistance, especially in the nursing home setting. (aafp.org)
  • The number of participating laboratories that reported testing each antituberculosis drug in the March 2021 survey is presented in Figure 5. (cdc.gov)
  • In all, one-third of the patients studied received a fluoroquinolone prescription at the end of their hospital stay, despite the fact that current guidelines call for restricted use due to side effects. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Nonhospitalized nursing home patients requiring treatment for pneumonia should be treated with an antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone, or either a high-dose beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor or a second- or third-generation cephalosporin, in combination with azithromycin (Zithromax). (aafp.org)
  • CIPRO XR (ciprofloxacin*) extended-release tablets contain ciprofloxacin, a synthetic antimicrobial agent for oral administration. (globalrph.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of demand for prescription and nonprescription drugs during the pandemic based on the pharmacist's perspective in Yemen, a conflict zone country. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The following antimicrobial agents are those that are most commonly to blame for UTIs. (ceufast.com)
  • No statistical difference was seen between the frontline districts and major cities in terms of requesting these drugs without a prescription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • COVID-19 has increased the demand for many prescription and nonprescription drugs, where the irrational use of these drugs may lead to devastating health effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consider factors for drug resistance, including previous antimicrobial use, and results of recent urine cultures. (ceufast.com)
  • Adjust the antimicrobial based on culture results. (ceufast.com)
  • Of those, DST results for first-line drugs were available for 1312 cases, and 91 (6.9%) had MDR-TB. (who.int)