• Self-topical neutral fluoride toothpaste containing 1.1% (w/w) sodium fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate. (nih.gov)
  • 1-4 PreviDent ® 5000 Enamel Protect brand of 1.1% sodium fluoride toothpaste with 5% potassium nitrate in a squeeze bottle is easily applied onto a toothbrush. (nih.gov)
  • They are less likely to be done for an overdose of fluoride from toothpaste and other health products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The amount of fluoride in toothpaste is usually not swallowed in large enough amounts to cause harm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fluorides are often added to drinking water supplies and to a variety of dental products, including toothpaste and mouth rinses, to prevent dental cavities. (cdc.gov)
  • Toothpaste contains 1 mg/g of fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate. (medscape.com)
  • Concentrations of fluoride in toothpaste sold in the United States range from 1,000-1,500 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoride in toothpaste is taken up directly by the dental plaque and demineralized enamel and also increases the concentration of fluoride in saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoride toothpaste is available over-the-counter and makes up more than 95% of toothpaste sales in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • For most people (children, adolescents, and adults) brushing at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste-when you get up in the morning and before going to bed-is recommended. (cdc.gov)
  • Place only a small pea-size amount of fluoride toothpaste on your child's toothbrush. (cdc.gov)
  • For children younger than 2, consult first with your doctor or dentist regarding the use of fluoride toothpaste. (cdc.gov)
  • I am wondering this as I am just starting to use the rinse with fluoride along with crest toothpaste? (ultimateoralhealthguide.com)
  • Colgate* PreviDent* 5000 Plus is a toothpaste that can deliver 5000 ppm fluoride. (biosenseclinical.com)
  • It combines the cleaning power of a toothpaste with fluoride for dental caries protection. (biosenseclinical.com)
  • Q.: Is it true that sodium fluoride in toothpaste is bad for you? (natmedworld.com)
  • Fluoride is especially dangerous to small children who may tend to swallow toothpaste during or after brushing teeth. (natmedworld.com)
  • Rather look for a herbal toothpaste that does not contain fluoride! (natmedworld.com)
  • With this information public, the majority of people still think nothing of using fluoridated toothpaste or drinking water with Sodium Fluoride added. (ning.com)
  • The ADA Council on Scientific Affairs' Acceptance of Tom's of Maine Natural Fluoride Toothpaste for Children is based on its finding that the product is safe and has shown efficacy in helping prevent tooth decay when used as directed. (ada.org)
  • In medical imaging, fluorine-18-labelled sodium fluoride (USP, sodium fluoride Na18F) is one of the oldest tracers used in positron emission tomography (PET), having been in use since the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
  • The national and state regulations and guidelines regarding fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 8-1. (cdc.gov)
  • EPA (IRIS 2003) derived an oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.06 mg/kg/day for fluorine (soluble fluoride). (cdc.gov)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride and fluorine are naturally-occurring gases that are very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluorine also combines with hydrogen to make hydrogen fluoride, a colorless gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluorine and hydrogen fluoride are used to make certain chemical compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine? (cdc.gov)
  • How can fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • How likely are fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • How does fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine affect children? (cdc.gov)
  • A program is described for evaluating the efficiency of solid sorbers for collecting trace quantities of hydrogen fluoride, phospine, hydrogen cyanide, chlorine , and fluorine in work atmospheres for subsequent laboratory analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound that contains fluorine. (cdc.gov)
  • If you are near a release of fluorine or hydrogen fluoride, emergency coordinators may tell you either to evacuate the area or "shelter in place" inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • An acute-duration inhalation MRL of 0.02 ppm fluoride has been derived for hydrogen fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • MRL is based on a minimal LOAEL of 0.5 ppm for upper respiratory tract inflammation in humans exposed to hydrogen fluoride for 1 hour (Lund et al. (cdc.gov)
  • At high levels, such as may occur through exposure from an industrial accident, hydrogen fluoride may also damage the heart. (cdc.gov)
  • The strong base NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and a weak acid HF( hydrogen fluoride) combine to make NaF and water. (tutorocean.com)
  • Sodium acetate is a very efficient sorber for hydrogen fluoride, and its solubility in water proves to be highly advantageous for subsequent HF determination by ion selective electrode. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride can be released when other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water. (cdc.gov)
  • Sixty percent of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing is for processes to make refrigerants. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride is also used for etching glass and metal. (cdc.gov)
  • In a natural disaster, you could be exposed to high levels of hydrogen fluoride when storage facilities or containers are damaged and the chemical is released. (cdc.gov)
  • You could be exposed to hydrogen fluoride if it is used as a chemical terrorism agent. (cdc.gov)
  • If you work in an occupation that uses hydrogen fluoride, you may be exposed to this chemical in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • You may be exposed to hydrogen fluoride as part of a hobby. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride goes easily and quickly through the skin and into the tissues in the body. (cdc.gov)
  • The seriousness of poisoning caused by hydrogen fluoride depends on the amount, route, and length of time of exposure, as well as the age and preexisting medical condition of the person exposed. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing hydrogen fluoride can damage lung tissue and cause swelling and fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema). (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause severe burns that develop after several hours and form skin ulcers. (cdc.gov)
  • Swallowing only a small amount of highly concentrated hydrogen fluoride will affect major internal organs and may be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels or in combination with skin contact can cause death from an irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Even small splashes of high-concentration hydrogen fluoride products on the skin can be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may not cause immediate pain or visible skin damage(signs of exposure). (cdc.gov)
  • Often, patients exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride on the skin do not show effects or experience pain immediately. (cdc.gov)
  • Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to hydrogen fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to hydrogen fluoride can result in severe electrolyte problems. (cdc.gov)
  • People who survive after being severely injured by breathing in hydrogen fluoride may suffer lingering chronic lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin damage caused by concentrated hydrogen fluoride may take a long time to heal and may result in severe scarring. (cdc.gov)
  • Fingertip injuries from hydrogen fluoride may result in persistent pain, bone loss, and injury to the nail bed. (cdc.gov)
  • Eye exposure to hydrogen fluoride may cause prolonged or permanent visual defects, blindness, or total destruction of the eye. (cdc.gov)
  • Swallowing hydrogen fluoride can damage the esophagus and stomach. (cdc.gov)
  • First, if the hydrogen fluoride was released into the air, get fresh air by leaving the area where the chemical was released. (cdc.gov)
  • If the hydrogen fluoride release was outside, move away from the area where the chemical was released. (cdc.gov)
  • If the hydrogen fluoride release occurred indoors, get out of the building. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection USP is indicated for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of bone to define areas of altered osteogenic activity. (medlibrary.org)
  • Aortic microcalcification activity is a recently described method of measuring aortic sodium [ 18 F]fluoride uptake in the thoracic aorta on positron emission tomography. (springeropen.com)
  • Twenty-five patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms underwent an sodium [ 18 F]fluoride positron emission tomography and computed tomography scan. (springeropen.com)
  • Sodium [ 18 F]fluoride positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) is a non-invasive multimodality imaging technique that detects early calcification activity as a marker of vascular injury [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • 18 F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography for cardiovascular risk stratification. (bvsalud.org)
  • Varnish dries in seconds upon contact with saliva and remains on the tooth for 6-8 hours ensuring optimum fluoride uptake. (independentdental.com.au)
  • Enamel Care 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish from MARK3 has a new and improved advanced formula that will easily make it an industry favorite. (surgimac.com)
  • This relentless increase in the burden of mouth rinses, fluoride varnish, and pit national recommendations. (who.int)
  • Fluorides, particularly aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride, are rapidly and quite extensively absorbed by the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deng Z, Lu H, Leaist DG: Mutual diffusion coefficients and resistance coefficients for aqueous solutions of sodium alkanoate surfactants. (karger.com)
  • Frequent topical applications to the teeth with preparations having a relatively high fluoride content increase tooth resistance to acid dissolution and enhance penetration of the fluoride ion into tooth enamel. (nih.gov)
  • Prolonged daily ingestion may result in various degrees of dental fluorosis in pediatric patients under age 6 years, especially in the areas with high fluoride concentration in drinking water. (drugs.com)
  • Although sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a common dentifrice ingredient, the influence of this ion on plaque fluid and salivary fluid fluoride has not been examined. (karger.com)
  • Barkvoll P: Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the uptake of fluoride from NaF and MFP by etched enamel in vitro. (karger.com)
  • Barkvoll P, Rølla G, Lagerlöf F: Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the deposition of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel in vitro. (karger.com)
  • Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P: Desquamative effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on oral mucosa. (karger.com)
  • Other products may also contain fluoride. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common type of exposure is ingestion of products that contain fluoride. (medscape.com)
  • Title : Topical applications of sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride Personal Author(s) : Nevitt, George A.;Witter, David H.;Bowman, Winston D. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium fluoride is sometimes added at relatively high concentrations (~20 mM) to protein lysis buffers in order to inhibit endogenous phosphatases and thereby protect phosphorylated protein sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adverse effects on reproduction were reported for rats, mice, fox, and cattle exposed to 100 ppm or greater concentrations of fluoride in their diet or drinking water. (nih.gov)
  • Other studies conducted in rats demonstrated that lower concentrations of fluoride (5 mg/kg of body weight) did not result in impaired fertility and reproductive capabilities. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that the nonfluoride components of topical agents can be manipulated to improve the fluoride release characteristics from oral fluoride reservoirs and that statistically significant change may be observed in plaque fluid and salivary fluid fluoride concentrations that may not be observed in total plaque and total saliva fluoride concentrations. (karger.com)
  • Fluoride salts are often added to municipal drinking water (as well as to certain food products in some countries) for the purpose of maintaining dental health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluoride salts and derivatives. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fluoride mouth rinse is a concentrated solution intended for daily or weekly use. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common fluoride compound used in mouth rinse is sodium fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • The fluoride from mouth rinse is retained in dental plaque and saliva to help prevent tooth decay. (cdc.gov)
  • Because fluoride mouth rinse has resulted in only limited reductions in tooth decay among schoolchildren, especially as their exposure to other sources of fluoride has increased, its use should be targeted to individuals or groups at high risk for decay. (cdc.gov)
  • Although sodium fluoride is used to fluoridate water and is the standard by which other water-fluoridation compounds are gauged, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) and its salt sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used additives in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluorides are naturally occurring compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Objective: The aim of this work was to study the anticaries effect of adding sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) to fluoride compounds (toothpastes, varnishes and mouthrinse) for prevention and treatment of caries lesions with a review of the literature. (bvsalud.org)
  • Difference in the molecular weight of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) compared to similar compounds-How does this difference affect properties (e.g., solubility) to change the range of uses? (homeworkassign.com)
  • Aortic microcalcification activity is a quick and simple method which demonstrates good intra-observer and inter-observer repeatabilities and provides measures of sodium [ 18 F]fluoride uptake that are comparable to established methods. (springeropen.com)
  • It has been previously shown that aortic sodium [ 18 F]fluoride PET uptake is higher within aneurysmal aortic segments compared to non-aneurysmal segments and matched control subjects without aortopathy [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • In addition, abdominal aortic aneurysms with the highest sodium [ 18 F]fluoride uptake experience the greatest rates of aneurysm growth and are associated with a greater likelihood of aortic rupture or elective repair [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Aortic microcalcification activity (AMA) is a recently described simplified method of measuring aortic sodium [ 18 F]fluoride uptake [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • This study's aim was to assess the AMA method for quantifying sodium [ 18 F]fluoride uptake within the infrarenal aorta of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms by comparing it with the established method of tissue-to-background ratio. (springeropen.com)
  • If the fluoride in your drinking water is greater than or equal to 0.6 parts per million. (drugs.com)
  • May be used in areas where drinking water is fluoridated since topical fluoride cannot produce fluorosis. (nih.gov)
  • Epidemiological data provide no credible evidence for an association between fluoride, either naturally occurring or added to drinking water, and risk of human cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Sodium fluoride dissolves easily in water, but calcium fluoride does not. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluorides released to the air from volcanoes and industry are carried by wind and rain to nearby water, soil, and food sources. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluorides in water and soil will form strong associations with sediment or soil particles. (cdc.gov)
  • The general population can be exposed to fluorides in contaminated air, food, drinking water and soil. (cdc.gov)
  • People living in communities with fluoridated water or high levels of naturally-occurring fluoride may be exposed to higher levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the studies of people living in areas with fluoridated water or naturally high levels of fluoride in drinking water did not find an association between fluoride and cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 4 ] Potentially toxic levels of fluoride have also been found in well water in the US. (medscape.com)
  • Long-term exposure to fluoride through elevated levels in drinking water leads to skeletal and dental fluorosis. (medscape.com)
  • Long-term exposure to fluoride in drinking water stimulates osteoblastic bone formation, particularly in cancellous bone, and at low levels (1.00-1.06 ppm), this decreases the risk of overall fractures. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, water fluoridation is not the only form of fluoride delivery that is effective in preventing tooth decay in people of all ages. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoride supplements can be prescribed for children at high risk for tooth decay and whose primary drinking water has a low fluoride concentration. (cdc.gov)
  • Consideration of the child's other sources of fluoride, especially drinking water, is essential in determining this balance. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also added to municipal water to maintain optimum fluoride level and dental health of consumers. (indianachemport.in)
  • Sodium Fluoride has white to greenish powdery appearance with high melting point of 993 degrees Celsius and boiling point of 1704 C. It shows good solubility in water and insolubility in alcohol & acetone. (indianachemport.in)
  • With few exceptions, most other countries do not fluoridate their drinking water, 1 and for good reason-fluoride is a toxic drug linked with an array of potentially serious health problems. (kindness2.com)
  • Yet despite irrefutable evidence of harm, the United States still adds fluoride to municipal water supplies reaching nearly 211 million Americans, including infants, the elderly, and those with chronic health problems. (kindness2.com)
  • The video above features a recent interview I had with Dr. Paul Connett, director of the Fluoride Action Network (FAN), about the health risks of water fluoridation you may have not been aware of. (kindness2.com)
  • Water fluoridation was invented by brilliant schemers who needed a cheap way to dispose of toxic industrial waste and protect them against future lawsuits from fluoride damage to farms and workers. (kindness2.com)
  • The spokesperson invited to speak on Fox, Dr. Archelle Georgiou, attempted to make a case for a proposal to add lithium to US municipal water supplies, just as sodium fluoride has been for years. (ning.com)
  • Sodium Fluoride, which most American's drink daily if they have a municipal water supply, has a very similar effect and a history of being used for just that effect. (ning.com)
  • Fluoride, another EPA-unlisted additive that people frequently want removed from tap water, is not readily removed by carbon filtration. (purewatergazette.net)
  • Tap water ingredients that people most frequently want removed that are not readily removed by carbon filtration are fluoride, nitrates, and sodium. (purewatergazette.net)
  • Sodium is measured in water as part of the Total Dissolved Solids, discussed above. (purewatergazette.net)
  • For 70 years, people in the United States have benefited from drinking water with fluoride, leading to better dental health. (cdc.gov)
  • This MRL is based on a NOAEL of 0.15 mg fluoride/kg/day and a LOAEL of 0.25 mg fluoride/kg/day for skeletal effects (increased fracture rate) (Li et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Tablets and lozenges are manufactured with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • In adults, exposure to high levels of fluoride can result in denser bones. (cdc.gov)
  • However, in many parts of the world (eg, regions of India and China), elevated levels of fluoride in groundwater result in chronic fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). (medscape.com)
  • Acute exposure to dangerous amounts of fluoride is rare, and usually occurs in small children. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Small amounts of fluoride help prevent tooth cavities, but high levels can harm your health. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been shown that fluoride ion has potential to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and rodent cells at doses much higher than those to which humans are exposed. (nih.gov)
  • It has been shown that fluoride crosses the placenta of rats, but only 0.01% of the amount administered is incorporated in fetal tissue. (drugs.com)
  • Animal studies (rats, mice, rabbits) have shown that fluoride is not a teratogen. (drugs.com)
  • Heavy exposure to fluoride during in utero development may result in skeletal fluorosis which becomes evident in childhood. (drugs.com)
  • Reduced milk production was reported in farm-raised fox when the animals were fed a diet containing a high concentration of fluoride (98-137 mg/kg of body weight). (drugs.com)
  • Increasing the concentration of free fluoride in oral fluids is an important goal in the use of topical fluoride agents. (karger.com)
  • Article in AJR by Curtis G Mick et al,review details the history, pharmacokinetics, and utility of 18F-sodium fluoride (Na18F) PET/CT in detecting osseous metastases compared with the current standard of care, technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy. (indianradiology.com)
  • Sodium fluoride is classed as toxic by both inhalation (of dusts or aerosols) and ingestion. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] In the United States, poisoning most commonly follows ingestion (accidental or intentional) of fluoride-containing products. (medscape.com)
  • Historically, most cases of serious acute fluoride toxicity have followed accidental ingestion of insecticides or rodenticides. (medscape.com)
  • The American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has never approved any fluoride product designed for human ingestion and ironically it has been shown not to reduce cavities. (natmedworld.com)
  • The fluoride enhances the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dear Dr. Ellie: Is it true that too much fluoride causes in the long run white spots/discoloration on teeth? (ultimateoralhealthguide.com)
  • Scientists are, on the other hand, finding links between fluoride and arthritis, allergic reactions, cancer and dental fluorosis (fluoride poisoning) which can result in darkened or mottled teeth, erosion of the tooth enamel, compromised bone structure and other problems including learning disabilities, kidney disease and brain lesions. (natmedworld.com)
  • This despite mounting scientific evidence showing that a) ingesting fluoride does not benefit your teeth , and b) even topical application may be largely ineffective. (kindness2.com)
  • One groundbreaking study published in the journal Langmuir 4 four years ago revealed that the fluorapatite layer formed on your teeth from fluoride is a mere six nanometers thick. (kindness2.com)
  • Fluoride helps stabilize the mineral content of bones and teeth by forming a stable compound with calcium and thus helps prevent tooth decay. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A chronic-duration oral MRL of 0.05 mg fluoride/kg/day has been derived for fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • Over-the-counter solutions of 0.05% sodium fluoride (230 ppm fluoride) for daily rinsing are available for use by persons older than 6 years of age. (cdc.gov)
  • Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Bone Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Parameters and on Insulin Signaling and Insulin Sensitivity in Ovariectomized Rats. (qxmd.com)
  • A stable thixotropic fluoride treatment gel used to help prevent dental decay. (nih.gov)
  • Arends J, Christoffersen J: Nature and role of loosely bound fluoride in dental caries. (karger.com)
  • Low levels of fluorides can help prevent dental cavities. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional information on these products and other topics can be found in Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States . (cdc.gov)
  • For children aged less than 6 years, the dentist, physician, or other health care provider should weigh the risk for tooth decay without fluoride supplements, the decay prevention offered by supplements, and the potential for dental fluorosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Phillips, I am interested in your system for dental care but also very concerned on the topic of fluoride. (ultimateoralhealthguide.com)
  • The keywords used were: sodium trimetaphosphate, dental caries and fluorides. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used for dental cavity prevention. (tutorocean.com)
  • Furthermore, of available preventive oral care prod- East, the present study aimed to inves- the rates of dental caries in the Eastern ucts, such as fluoride toothpastes, high- tigate the availability and adherence of Mediterranean Region are higher than concentration fluoride toothpastes, preventive oral care products on the in most industrialized countries ( 2 , 3 ). (who.int)
  • Maximum and mean tissue-to-background ratios (TBR) and abdominal aortic microcalcification activity were determined following application of a thresholding and variable radius method to correct for vertebral sodium [ 18 F]fluoride signal spill-over and the nonlinear changes in aortic diameter, respectively. (springeropen.com)
  • The accurate detection of sodium [ 18 F]fluoride binding in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms thus holds great promise to improve risk stratification and potentially guide interventions. (springeropen.com)
  • At higher levels, however (≥4.32 ppm), fluoride can decrease cortical bone mineral density and increase skeletal fragility, leading to increased fracture risk. (medscape.com)
  • Maternal exposure to 12.2 mg fluoride/kg of body weight (rats) or 13.1 mg/kg of body weight (rabbits) did not affect the litter size or fetal weight and did not increase the frequency of skeletal or visceral malformations. (drugs.com)
  • Fluoride therapy in prevention of rheumatoid arthritis induced bone loss. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Conclusion: In situ and in vitro studies have shown that TMP might increase the effectiveness of fluoride in the prevention and treatment of caries, but there are few studies that explain its mechanism of action, as well as clinical studies to demonstrate its anticaries effect and indication. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 Of those, more than 11 million people receive fluoride at or above what has been deemed the "optimal" level, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (kindness2.com)
  • Once absorbed, fluoride binds calcium ions and may lead to hypocalcemia. (medscape.com)
  • In animals, exposure to extremely high doses of fluoride can result in decreased fertility and sperm and testes damage. (cdc.gov)
  • The age/weight-based estimated absorbed radiation doses (mGy/MBq) from intravenous injection of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection USP are shown in Table 1. (medlibrary.org)
  • APF has a low pH 3.5, enabling it to deliver fluoride at a faster rate into enamel than NSF with its pH of 7.0. (preventech.com)