• The histogram shows VPD450 fluorescence peaks of gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of viable lymphocytes (successive generations of divided cells). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals. (nature.com)
  • Fluorescent indicator dyes (fluorophores) are most commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays in vertebrate cell culture since fluorescence is more sensitive 3 and fluorescence is utilized in many instruments (microscopy, spectroscopy, flow cytometry). (nature.com)
  • Treatment of CHO-KOR cells with kappa agonists U50,488 or dynorphin [Dyn (1−13)NH2] produced rapid and concentration-dependent decreases in FMP Blue fluorescence reflecting membrane hyperpolarization. (ku.edu)
  • Zombie NIR™ is a polar water soluble dye, providing red fluorescence, making it suitable for multi-color detection. (biolegend.com)
  • This video is an overlay of the transmission image, in grayscale showing where the biomass is, and the green fluorescent channel, showing cells that have been loaded with green fluorescence. (montana.edu)
  • Once inside the cytosol of cells, intracellular esterases convert it to fluorescent Calcein (Ex/Em: 495 nm/515 nm), resulting in uniform cytosolic fluorescence. (mobitec.com)
  • Fluorogenic esterase substrates that can be passively loaded into viable cells, such as Calcein-AM, BCECFAM, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA), are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescein analogs with green fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • Fluorescent dyes with aromatic amino or guanidine groups, such as propidium iodide (PI), diaminophenylindole (DAPI), acridine orange (AO), and Hoechst dyes, interact with nucleotides to emit fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • After opening of MPTP, fluorescence of membrane-impermeable CalciumGreen™ dye is enhanced as Ca 2+ leaches into the buffer. (news-medical.net)
  • The reduction in intracellular GSH concentration directly translates into an easily monitored reduction in the green fluorescence output within the dying or oxidatively stressed cell population. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Lysosomes were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye acridine orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast-containing phagosomes was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. (rupress.org)
  • Cellstain-Double Staining Kit is utilized for simultaneous fluorescence staining of viable and dead cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Although Calcein-AM itself is not a fluorescent molecule, the calcein generated from Calcein- AM by esterase in a viable cell emits a strong green fluorescence (excitation: 490 nm, emission: 515 nm). (dojindo.com)
  • It reaches the nucleus by passing through disordered areas of dead cell membrane and intercalates with the DNA double helix of the cell to emit red fluorescence (excitation: 535 nm, emmision: 617 nm). (dojindo.com)
  • Since both calcein and PI-DNA can be excited with 490 nm, simultaneous monitoring of viable and dead cells is possible with a fluorescence microscope. (dojindo.com)
  • JC-10™, a derivative of JC-1, is potential-dependent probe used to determine ΔΨm by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and in microplate-based fluorescent assays. (stratech.co.uk)
  • JC-10™ is compatible with fluorescence microplate readers, cell imagers and flow cytometers. (stratech.co.uk)
  • These potentiometric dyes exhibit minimal self-quenching, low cytotoxicity and have reasonable photostability, and their fluorescence intensities can be measured with either a flow cytometer or fluorescence microscope. (stratech.co.uk)
  • 5(6)-CDCFDA is a cell-permeant esterase substrate that can serve as a viability probe that measures both enzymatic activity, which is require to activate its fluorescence, and cell-membrane integrity, which is required for intracellular retention of their fluorescent product. (mobitec.com)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. (cdc.gov)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. (cdc.gov)
  • Other than propidium iodide, other fluorescent membrane exclusion dyes can also be used to measure cell viability. (nexcelom.com)
  • Chan LL, Wilkinson AR, Paradis BD, Lai N. (2012) Rapid Image-based Cytometry for Comparison of Fluorescent Viability Staining Methods. (nexcelom.com)
  • The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. (nature.com)
  • Using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we characterized the autofluorescence and tested different fluorescent dye pair combinations to identify alternative viability indicators. (nature.com)
  • Table 1 includes common fluorophores used to assess membrane integrity and distinguish between live and dead cells when conducting viability assays. (nature.com)
  • Results: 11 endpoints from a single-well assay measuring T cell exhaustion phenotypes and function, as well as cytokine secretion in response to stimulation, cell viability, and an optional proliferation dye allows screening for molecules that reverse T cell exhaustion. (intellicyt.com)
  • Zombie NIR™ Fixable Viability kit is composed of lyophilized Zombie NIR™ dye and anhydrous DMSO. (biolegend.com)
  • We first examined whether GML treatment affected T cell viability. (nature.com)
  • These esterase substrates, therefore, can serve as assay probes of cell viability. (dojindo.com)
  • Fluorescent esterase substrates may also be used in cell viability assays in place of tetrazolium analogs such as MTT or WST. (dojindo.com)
  • Although the typical size is about 0.5-2 mm, the shape, abundance, and location of mitochondria vary by cell type, cell cycle, and cell viability.Therefore, visualization of mitochondra is important. (dojindo.com)
  • Since 1994, ImmunoChemistry Technologies has been producing top quality reagents, kits, and services for cell viability and ELISA applications in a broad range of research areas. (immunochemistry.com)
  • The presence of both PLGA and PGA nanoparticles increased ARPE-19 cell metabolism but had no effect on cell viability. (frontiersin.org)
  • A collapse in mitochondrial membrane and redox potential may induce unwanted loss of cell viability and be a cause of various pathologies. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • chills, myalgia, headache, and rapidly evolving severe illness, In China, the first CCHF cases were observed in 1965, followed by a hemorrhagic state with bleeding from the when CCHFV strain BA66019 was isolated from a patient who mucous membranes and petechiae, associated with thrombocy- lived in Xinjiang Province, an autonomous region in north- topenia and leukopenia (10). (cdc.gov)
  • Kaposi sarcoma is a painless mesenchymal-derived vascularized tumor that most often affects the skin and mucous membranes. (medscape.com)
  • Ethylene glycol is only mildly irritating to mucous membranes or skin and is slowly and poorly absorbed through the skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Ethylene glycol is a dehydrating agent and is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes after prolonged contact. (cdc.gov)
  • 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N -succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is an amine reactive fluorescent probe used to stain cells, especially immune cells, for analysis in applications such as flow cytometry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Zombie NIR™ is an amine reactive fluorescent dye that is non-permeant to live cells, but permeant to the cells with compromised membranes. (biolegend.com)
  • Biotium guarantees the stability of chemicals, dyes, and gel stains for at least a year from the date you receive the product. (biotium.com)
  • Therefore, Calcein-AM only stains viable cells. (dojindo.com)
  • 2. Stain dead cells with 0.1-10 μM PI solution to find a PI concentration that stains the nucleus only, not the cytosol. (dojindo.com)
  • Fluorochrome stains (eg, auramine-rhodamine) also identify acid-fast organisms, but a special fluorescent microscope is required. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Analysis is demonstrated for cell membranes, cell-derived vesicles, model membranes, and microbubbles with environmentally-sensitive probes Laurdan, carboxyl-modified Laurdan (C-Laurdan), Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, and Di-4-AN(F)EPPTEA (FE), for quantification of the local lateral density of lipids or lipid packing. (nih.gov)
  • Membrane probes include fluorescent analogs of natural lipids, as well as lipophilic organic dyes that have little structural resemblance to natural biomolecules ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • The effects of A beta(1-40) and A beta(25-35) on the fluidity of lipids adjacent to proteins (annular fluidity), bulk lipid fluidity, and lipid peroxidation were determined in rat synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). (tamu.edu)
  • Cell membranes are composed of fatty acids (lipids), and proteins are made up of amino acids. (extremetech.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • This kit contains Calcein-AM and Propidium Iodide (PI) solutions, which stain viable and dead cells, respectively (Fig. 1). (dojindo.com)
  • Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Positively charged molecules are usually cell membrane permeable and accumulate in mitochondria. (dojindo.com)
  • Mitochondria exist in most eukaryotic cells and play a very important role in oxidative metabolism by generating ATP as an energy source. (dojindo.com)
  • The average number of mitochondria per cell is from 100 to 2,000. (dojindo.com)
  • Since mitochondria have electron transport systems, they can be stained with various redox dyes. (dojindo.com)
  • MitoRed and Rh123 readily pass through cell membranes and accumulate in mitochondria. (dojindo.com)
  • In healthy cells, JC-10™ selectively accumulates in mitochondria generating orange J-aggregates that exhibit a broad excitation spectrum and emission maximum at 590 nm. (stratech.co.uk)
  • However, in apoptotic and necrotic cells with low ΔΨm, JC-10™ diffuses out of the mitochondria and JC-10™ monomers are generated, resulting in a shift to green emission (525 nm). (stratech.co.uk)
  • Cell-permeable cationic rhodamines, such TMRE and TMRM, are readily sequestered by active mitochondria, and commonly used to label mitochondria in living cells. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Like JC-10™, TMRE and TMRM uptake in mitochondria is driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Both dyes have been successfully for dymanic and in situ quantitative measurements, to screen for inhibitors of the mitochondrial transition pore, to assess the functionality of mitochondria in living cells, and can be used to discrimate between viable and non-viable cell populations. (stratech.co.uk)
  • However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell-permeable. (abcam.com)
  • 5-(and-6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N -succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is a fluorescent dye, which is membrane permeable. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Calcein-AM, an acetoxymethyl ester of calcein, is highly lipophilic and cell membrane permeable. (dojindo.com)
  • Rupture of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and ultimately cell death due to necrosis are the end results. (news-medical.net)
  • A drastic rise in permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), through consistent opening of a multi-protein channel referred to as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) results in mitochondrial dysfunction. (news-medical.net)
  • The conductance was similar in the two regions, although permeability in the two regions of the membrane long after the pulse treatment appeared quite different. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sphingolipids play critical roles in processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and molecular recognition at cell surfaces. (thermofisher.com)
  • Yedjou C, Izevbigie E, Tchounwou P. (2013) Vernonia amygdalina-Induced Growth Arrest and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells. (nexcelom.com)
  • These endpoints can include membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, proliferation, and apoptosis versus necrosis. (nature.com)
  • Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to the genetically conserved molecular processes by which cells die, intracellular levels of GSH can favor a cell death pathway via apoptosis (adequate intracellular GSH stores) or via necrosis or autophagy (depleted intracellular GSH stores). (immunochemistry.com)
  • Detection of a drop in intracellular GSH concentration in an experimental cell population relative to a negative (healthy cell) control is often indicative of an apoptosis induction event. (immunochemistry.com)
  • In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of C3G isolated from mulberry fruit against the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis of MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • We found that GML potently altered order and disorder dynamics in the plasma membrane that resulted in reduced formation of LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microclusters. (nature.com)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc. (cdc.gov)
  • It is important to systematically combine multiple endpoints, such as membrane integrity and cell death mechanism, to gain insight into the potential pathways involved in cellular toxicity. (nature.com)
  • Live immune cells are distinguished from dead or membrane compromised cells by staining with a fluorescent membrane integrity dye. (intellicyt.com)
  • The biofilm holds onto much of its green color which means that many of the cells in the interior of the biofilm retain their membrane integrity. (montana.edu)
  • The qualitative analyses of neutral lipid bodies under stress conditions were performed by confocal microscopy and revealed bright golden-yellow lipid droplets in stress exposed cells. (hindawi.com)
  • A microscope objective can be brought down to the flat top wall of the tube and, using confocal scanning laser microscopy, one can image cell clusters clinging to the ceiling of the capillary. (montana.edu)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of SW620 cells (left, positive) and ACHN cells (right, negative) using Syk (D3Z1E) XP ® Rabbit mAb (green), DyLight ™ 650 Phalloidin #12956 (red), and DAPI #4083 (blue). (cellsignal.com)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Ramos cells, untreated (left) or IgM-treated (middle), and Jurkat cells (right) using Phospho-CD79A (Tyr182) Antibody (green). (cellsignal.com)
  • This experiment makes use of a special stain that loads the bacteria with a green fluorescent molecule (Figure 1). (montana.edu)
  • Ester can pass through viable cell membranes, where it is hydrolyzed by cellular esterases into a negatively charged molecule under physiological conditions. (dojindo.com)
  • In the presence of free-thiol-containing molecules such as GSH, the non-fluorescent ThioBright™ Green dye molecule binds covalently to the GSH target molecule and converts to the fluorescent form of the dye. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Spectral imaging with polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes enables the quantification of cell and model membrane physical properties, including local hydration, fluidity, and lateral lipid packing, usually characterized by the generalized polarization (GP) parameter. (nih.gov)
  • Amyloid beta-peptides increase annular and bulk fluidity and induce lipid peroxidation in brain synaptic plasma membranes. (tamu.edu)
  • Amyloid beta-peptides (A beta) may alter the neuronal membrane lipid environment by changing fluidity and inducing free radical lipid peroxidation. (tamu.edu)
  • A fluorescent method based on radiationless energy transfer from tryptophan of SPM proteins to pyrene and pyrene monomer-eximer formation was used to determine SPM annular fluidity and bulk fluidity, respectively. (tamu.edu)
  • A beta-induced changes in neuronal function, such as ion flux and enzyme activity, that have been reported previously may result from the combined effects of lipid peroxidation and increased membrane fluidity. (tamu.edu)
  • In cell membrane cytochemistry, perylene is used as a fluorescent lipid probe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single cells were microinjected with the fluorescent probe Lucifer-yellow and dye coupling to adjacent cells was monitored. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, the object size distribution is determined, which can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying changes in membrane properties and is desirable for e.g. studies involving model membranes and surfactant coated particles. (nih.gov)
  • The FMP Blue dye was used to measure fluorescent signals reflecting changes in membrane potential in KOR expressing CHO (CHO-KOR) cells. (ku.edu)
  • It labels cells by covalently binding to intracellular molecules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • These compounds are neutral molecules that pass through cell membranes and covalently conjugate with cell proteins. (dojindo.com)
  • Covalently conjugated molecules can stay in the cell for several weeks. (dojindo.com)
  • Since it has an amine-reactive succinimidyl group, fluorescein derived from CFSE can covalently bond to proteins or other amino groups in the cell or on the cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
  • This covalently attached fluorescein remains stable and allows the cell to be traced over several weeks. (dojindo.com)
  • The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecules, proteins and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 h of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX orange. (nature.com)
  • DAPI and Hoechst dye molecules attach at the minor groove of the DNA double helix. (dojindo.com)
  • Cell membranes of viable cells are impermeable to these fluorescent dyes,except for the Hoechst dyes, and these dyes can therefore be used as fluorescent indicators of dead cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Hoechst dyes are positively charged under physiological conditions and can pass through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
  • Fura-2, an aminopolycarboxylic acid, is a ratiometric fluorescent dye which binds to free intracellular calcium. (newsbasis.com)
  • When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
  • When they recently used a fluorescent dye to visualize the cell membranes, they saw that cells in the top layer of epithelium contracted their surfaces more than 50 percent over the span of a single second-an observation that Prakash describes as "a huge surprise. (the-scientist.com)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • These strat- egies provide a robust way to visualize and isolate specific cell pop- ulations of differentiated pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
  • TMRE (Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, perchlorate) is used to quantify changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in live cells. (biotium.com)
  • Ester dyes are stable in solid form as long as they are protected from light and moisture. (biotium.com)
  • Ester is a suitable functional group for staining viable cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Several fluorescein analogs with ester groups in their structure are available for staining viable cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Succinimidyl ester compounds can also be used to improve retention of the fluorescent derivative within the cell. (dojindo.com)
  • CFSE is also an ester compound that passes through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
  • Green fluorescent Ca 2+ indicator. (abcam.com)
  • The most common way to measure these endpoints is by using colorimetric or fluorometric assays which involve the addition of an indicator dye. (nature.com)
  • After adding DMSO, vortex tube briefly to dissolve the indicator dye, then centrifuge briefly to collect all contents at the tube bottom. (newsbasis.com)
  • Add entire contents of indicator dye tube to assay buffer solution to make a dye loading solution. (newsbasis.com)
  • The capacity of the sample cells to proliferate can also be determined with an optional proliferation dye if desired (included with the kit). (intellicyt.com)
  • It is widely accepted that membrane voltage potentiates aminoglycoside activity, which is ascribed to voltage-dependent drug uptake. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this paper, we measured the response of Escherichia coli treated with aminoglycosides and discovered that the bactericidal action arises not from the downstream effects of voltage-dependent drug uptake, but rather directly from dysregulated membrane potential. (elifesciences.org)
  • Such pores may be too small for detection by the uptake of fluorescent dyes. (vgtu.lt)
  • The existing tools for spectral image processing, however, are insufficient for processing the large data sets afforded by this technological advancement, and are unsuitable for processing images acquired with rapidly internalized fluorescent probes. (nih.gov)
  • In addition to common operations, such as the calculation of distributions of GP values, generation of pseudo-colored GP maps, and spectral analysis, a key highlight of this tool is reliable membrane segmentation for probes that are rapidly internalized. (nih.gov)
  • We offer a wide range of both types of membrane probes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Due to their low toxicity and stable retention, some lipid probes are particularly useful for long-term cell tracing ( Tracers for Membrane Labeling-Section 14.4 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • Other, slightly less lipophilic probes are used as membrane markers of endocytosis and exocytosis ( Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis-Section 16.1 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • We offer a wide assortment of fluorescent probes for analyzing aspects of normal mitochondrial activity in live cells, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium flux. (stratech.co.uk)
  • JC-10™ and JC-1 dual-emission mitochondrial membrane potential probes. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Small neutral molecules and positively charged molecules can pass through viable cell membranes and remain inside of cells, depending on their reactivity or hydrophilicity. (dojindo.com)
  • Negatively charged molecules cannot pass through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
  • Calcein and BCECF can be converted into electrically neutral molecules by the addition of acetyl or acetoxymethyl groups to their phenolic OH or carboxylic groups, which allows them to freely permeate into the cell. (dojindo.com)
  • Furthermore, treatment of s.c xenografts derived from A549 cells with intratumor injections of terpinen-4-ol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group. (hindawi.com)
  • The fluorescent nanoparticles, wrapped in the membranes of red blood cells, target tumors better than current clinically approved dyes and can emit two distinct signals in response to just one beam of surgical light, a feature that could help doctors distinguish tumor borders and identify metastatic cancers. (illinois.edu)
  • The apical surface of the membrane was cultured with ARPE-19 cells and the underside was decorated with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) degradable nanoparticles by electrospraying. (frontiersin.org)
  • PGA nanoparticles had no effect on cell culture media pH. (frontiersin.org)
  • The fluorescent dye FITC was encapsulated into nanoparticles and showed sustained release from PLGA nanoparticles for 2 weeks and PGA nanoparticles for 1 day. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fluorescent compounds should be protected from light for long term storage. (biotium.com)
  • Visualization of a cell with fluorescent compounds provides a wide variety of information for the analysis of cell functions. (dojindo.com)
  • Various activities and structures of a cell can be targeted for staining with fluorescent compounds (Fig. 1). (dojindo.com)
  • Once converted into fluorescent products by esterase, these compounds are retained by cells because of their negative charges. (dojindo.com)
  • The inhibition of the intercellular communication appeared to be largely dependent on the ability of these compounds to partition in the cell membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • These differences can produce significant variations in membrane physical properties, in the location of phospholipids in a lipid bilayer and in their biological activity. (thermofisher.com)
  • What is a ratiometric dye? (newsbasis.com)
  • Ratiometric, or dual-wavelength, ion indicators are a subcategory of fluorescent dyes utilized for their ability to quantitatively measure intracellular ion concentrations. (newsbasis.com)
  • Thus, it can be used to assess live vs. dead status of mammalian cells. (biolegend.com)
  • tetrazolium salts detect dehydrogenase activity of viable cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Then stain viable cells with that Calcein-AM solution to check whether the viable cell can be stained. (dojindo.com)
  • We offer fluorescent and, in a few cases, biotinylated analogs of five naturally occurring lipid classes-phospholipids, sphingolipids (including ceramides), fatty acids, triglycerides and steroids. (thermofisher.com)
  • Some fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) are important in cell signaling. (thermofisher.com)
  • Although fatty acids are ionized at neutral pH in water (pK a ~5), their pK a is typically ~7 in membranes, and thus a significant fraction of membrane-bound fatty acids are neutral species. (thermofisher.com)
  • Certain fluorescent fatty acids ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) are readily metabolized by live cells to phospholipids, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and other lipid derivatives. (thermofisher.com)
  • Looking inside one of these cell clusters by transmission electron microscopy, now at much higher magnification TEM, densely aggregated individual bacterial cells (dark spheroids) can be seen (Figure 4). (montana.edu)
  • Fluorescent staining using CTC is another method used to detect viable bacterial cells. (dojindo.com)
  • The advantage of this method is very quick detection and the possibility of detecting VNC (viable but non-culturable) bacterial cells. (dojindo.com)
  • They often exhibit unusual behaviors which is distinct from their linear counterpart, including increased thermal stability of polymer micelles by a linear-to-cyclic conversion, 1,2 and spatial organization of DNA in bacterial cells by a loop formation. (jove.com)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • The key assay reagent is a proprietary thiol-sensitive dye, ThioBright™ Green, which quickly penetrates cell membrane structures and accumulates primarily within the cytosol of living cells. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Much research focuses on developing a synthetic substrate in order to transplant healthy cells to the native Bruch's membrane (BM), however, the diseased native BM and related structures still leave potential for transplanted cells to succumb to disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • This could allow this novel bioactive substrate to be a potential treatment for atrophic AMD that would function two-fold: deliver the required monolayer of healthy RPE cells to the macula on a synthetic BM and remove diseased structures within the retina, restoring the waste/exchange pathway and preventing vision loss. (frontiersin.org)
  • The underlying native diseased BM and related structures remain, however, which leaves the potential for healthy transplanted cells to eventually succumb to disease ( White and Olabisi, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The use of trypan blue, a colorimetric, cell impermeant stain, to quantify cell death is the most reported method in relation to coral cell cultures despite its limitations. (nature.com)
  • The main issue with trypan blue is its capacity to bind to proteins in the cell suspension, not just that released by dead cells. (nature.com)
  • P. damicornis cells exposed for 24 h to Triton-X100, insulin or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL, revealed a LC50 of 0.46 µg/mL for Triton-X100, 6.21 µg/mL for TiO 2 NPs and 33.9 µg/mL for insulin. (nature.com)
  • The actual number of assays will vary according to optimal dye concentrations for your application. (mobitec.com)
  • During periods of oxidative stress or GSH depletion associated with cell death processes, cytosolic concentrations of the green fluorescent dye form become significantly diminished. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Calcein AM is a membrane-permeant, non-fluorescent dye that enters cells passively. (mobitec.com)
  • Fluorescent Dyes - Loading Calcium indicators are unable to cross lipid membranes due to their nature, making necessary the use of physical or chemical methods to load them inside the cell. (newsbasis.com)
  • Fluorescent phospholipid analogs ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) can be classified according to where the fluorophore is attached. (thermofisher.com)
  • The attachment position of the fluorophore determines whether it is located in the nonpolar interior or at the water/lipid interface when the phospholipid analog is incorporated into a lipid bilayer membrane ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • We also use supramolecular chemistry to assemble nanosized objects into innovative materials, able, for example, to deliver drugs in specific parts of the body , or materials able to purify water , to interact with the membranes of living cells, to be used in composites for airplanes and cars . (cnr.it)
  • In Escherichia coli , ribosomes must interact with translocons on the membrane for the proper integration of newly synthesized membrane proteins, cotranslationally. (rupress.org)
  • Cells are immunophenotyped by staining with a fluorescent antibody panel to distinguish CD3+ T cells, CD3- non-T cells, CD3+CD4+ helper T cells, and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. (intellicyt.com)
  • Determine the total µl volume of antibody cocktail previously titrated and optimized for the assay that will be added to each vial/well of cells based on a final volume of 100 µl. (biolegend.com)
  • 3. Stain dead cells with 0.1-10 μM Calcein-AM solution to find a Calcein-AM concentration that does not stain the cytosol. (dojindo.com)
  • Our results show that this dye pair can be distinctly measured in the presence of fluorescent proteins plus chlorophyll. (nature.com)
  • The decrease in fluorescent emission produced by U50,488 was blocked by overnight pertussis toxin pretreatment, indicating the requirement for PTX-sensitive G proteins in the KOR mediated response. (ku.edu)
  • The most commonly stained cell components are cell membranes, proteins, and nucleotides. (dojindo.com)
  • The cells were then fixed and permeabilized using a BD Cytofix/Cytoperm™ Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit (Cat No. 554715) followed by staining with PerCP-Cy™5.5 Anti-Mouse CD4 (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cells alone, without Zombie NIR™ staining, are indicated in black. (biolegend.com)
  • To minimize background staining of live cells, titrate the amount of dye and/or number of cells per 100 µl for optimal performance. (biolegend.com)
  • Different cell types can have a wide degree of variability in staining based on cell size and degree of cell death. (biolegend.com)
  • Wash one time with 2 ml BioLegend's Cell Staining Buffer (Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • APBTs were treated with varying doses of GML for 24 hours and live cells were counted using tryphan blue staining. (nature.com)
  • Nucleotide staining with fluorescent intercalators is mostly used for dead cell detection. (dojindo.com)
  • The potential was imaged at a submicrosecond time resolution by staining the cell membrane with the voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye RH292. (elsevierpure.com)
  • On the other hand, PI, a nuclei staining dye, cannot pass through a viable cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
  • Since optimal staining conditions differ from cell line to cell line, we recommend that a suitable concentration of PI and Calcein- AM be individually determined. (dojindo.com)
  • Fig. 2 Cell staining with Double Staining Kit HeLa cell, incubated with assay solution for 15 minutes. (dojindo.com)
  • After 2 days, the cells were harvested, washed, and restimulated with Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate and Ionomycin in the presence of BD GolgiStop™ Protein Transport Inhibitor (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Wash cells with PBS buffer (no Tris buffer and protein free). (biolegend.com)
  • Drug efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1) and multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP1), actively extrude Calcein AM from inside the cell before esterases can convert it to Calcein. (mobitec.com)
  • It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP), calmodulin (CaM), and M13, a peptide sequence from myosin light-chain kinase. (newsbasis.com)
  • Here we show that in cells depleted of the SRP protein, Ffh or the translocon component SecE, the ribosomal targeting pathway is blocked downstream and unprecedented, membrane-bound FtsY-ribosomal complexes are captured. (rupress.org)
  • Glutathione, γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine or GSH, is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. (immunochemistry.com)
  • As expected, CD19 protein is not detected in either U-937 cells or Raw 264.7 cells. (cellsignal.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation of Syk protein from SR cell extracts, using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or Syk(D3Z1E) XP ® Rabbit mAb (lane 3). (cellsignal.com)
  • Membranes stained with Ponceau S for total protein normalization (lower). (cellsignal.com)
  • Optional: Spin and pellet cells, remove supernatants, and gently resuspend in Assay Buffer or other isotonic buffer. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Cells can be fixed with paraformaldehyde or methanol prior to permeabilization or can be analyzed without fixation. (biolegend.com)
  • The principal bioeffect of the nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a lasting cell membrane permeabilization, which is often attributed to the formation of nanometer-sized pores. (vgtu.lt)
  • Altered membrane events induced selective inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of regulatory P85 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx. (nature.com)
  • The use of the ratio automatically cancels out confounding variables, such as variable dye concentration and cell thickness, making Fura-2 one of the most appreciated tools to quantify calcium levels. (newsbasis.com)
  • This is the case of Indo-1 AM and Fura-2 AM, which are fluorescent and calcium insensitive. (newsbasis.com)
  • The further development of scleractinian coral cell cultures requires quantitative assessment of survivorship through basic live and dead cell counts. (nature.com)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • It appears that biomass around the edges of the cell cluster is liquefied by this treatment and gets washed downstream by the flow. (montana.edu)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)