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PaintChromosomesChromosome MappingFluorescenceSpectrometry, FluorescenceChromosome BandingX ChromosomeIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosome AberrationsSex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Microscopy, FluorescenceChromosomes, HumanChromosome PaintingChromosomes, BacterialChromosome SegregationChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, PlantChromosomes, FungalFluorescence PolarizationChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosome PairingChromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10KaryotypingChromosomes, Human, YChromosome DisordersChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosomes, Human, XChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Fluorescent DyesChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Artificial, YeastLead PoisoningChromosomes, Human, 16-18Fluorescence Resonance Energy TransferChromosomes, Human, 13-15Chromosome BreakageGenetic LinkageChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YMolecular Sequence DataRing ChromosomesChromosome InversionGenetic MarkersLeadTranslocation, GeneticChromosome PositioningBase SequenceChromosomes, Human, 4-5Air Pollutants, OccupationalBiofoulingCentromereX Chromosome InactivationPaintingsAneuploidyMeiosisChromosomes, InsectMetaphaseHybrid CellsMutationSolventsMitosisChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, 19-20Fluorescence Recovery After PhotobleachingRecombination, GeneticDNAAmino Acid SequenceMicrosatellite RepeatsPhenotypeCrosses, GeneticPedigreeOccupational ExposureLod ScoreCyanatesDNA ProbesMicroscopy, Fluorescence, MultiphotonCloning, MolecularGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHousingAllelesTrisomy

Situ hybridizationGenomicsGenesProbesGenomeAbnormalitiesMolecularRearrangementsProteinFISHStudiesHumanResearchPresentInterphaseAcrocentric chromosomesChromosomalMarker chromosomesKaryotypeClonesMolecular cytogeneticStructuralMicroscopeSequencesAllelesGeneraCytogeneticsLocusGENESBreakpointsGenomicHeterochromatinBacteriaDifferencesFibersDetectionReplicationStudySmallProcessSamples

Situ hybridization6

• A short introduction how cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics were established is followed by technical aspects of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (frontiersin.org)
• This review is about "molecular cytogenetics" including 1) the historical perspective of its development from cytogenetics, 2) technical aspects, 3) available probe sets, and 4) variants and applications of the basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. (frontiersin.org)
• The probes have been used for molecular hybridizations (fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH) in clinical cytogenetics, Y chromosome mapping, sequencing, gene discovery, and comparative Y chromosome studies between the horse and other equids/ Perssodactyls. (veteriankey.com)
• Pinkel D., Detection of aneuploidy and aneuploidy-inducing agents in human lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
• Eastmond D.A., Rupa D.S., Hasegawa L.S., Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
• Lemieux N., Dutrillaux B., Viegas-Pequignot E., A simple method for simultaneous R- or G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization of small single-copy genes, Cytogenet. (gse-journal.org)

Genomics3

• An important breakthrough in horse Y chromosome research came with the availability of new genomics tools and resources, such as large-insert genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries (for review, see Rubes et al. (veteriankey.com)
• Cai L., Taylor J. F., Wing R.A., Gallagher D.S., Woo S.S., Davis S.K., Construction and characterization of a bovine bacterial artifical chromosome library, Genomics 29 (1995) 413-425. (gse-journal.org)
• Libert F., Lefort A., Okimoto R., Womack J., Georges M., Construction of a bovine genomic library of large yeast artificial chromosome clones, Genomics 18 (1993) 270-276. (gse-journal.org)

Genes2

• Our results revealed that the FOXP1 and TP63 genes were both relocated along chromosome 3. (biomedcentral.com)
• Cytogenetic (FISH) evidence and the genome assembly itself place core MHC genes on as many as four chromosomes with TAP and Class I genes mapping to different chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Probes1

• Therefore, microdissected Y-chromosome probes are good for FISH but not suitable for cloning and sequencing of the male-specific or pseudoautosomal regions of the chromosome. (veteriankey.com)

Genome1

• The sequencing of the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata genome, in combination with targeted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, has allowed us to characterize an MHC from a highly divergent and diverse avian lineage, the passerines. (biomedcentral.com)

Abnormalities1

• Compared to autosomes and the X chromosome, relatively few numerical or structural cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported for ECAY. (veteriankey.com)

Molecular1

• Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)

Rearrangements4

• This might be because rearrangements in the gene-poor Y chromosome have milder effect on the phenotype, as a result of which the affected individuals escape attention and are not subjected to cytogenetic analysis. (veteriankey.com)
• The only true Y chromosome structural rearrangements, reported so far, are large-scale ECAY deletions in 64,XY sex reversal mares (Raudsepp et al. (veteriankey.com)
• Single additional alterations to del(5q) by balanced chromosome rearrangements were rarely found in myelodysplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
• Conversely, balanced chromosome rearrangements were rarely found as a single additional alteration to del (5q). (biomedcentral.com)

Protein2

• Eggen A., Solinas T.S., Fries R.A., Cosmid specific for sequences encoding a microtubule associated protein, MAPIB, contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine chromosome 20q14, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)
• The fluorescence properties of a labeled protein and free dye are very similar. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)

FISH1

• The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

Studies1

• This polymorphism is primarily attributed to the various amount of Y heterochromatin, though earlier studies also suggest variation in the euchromatic portion of the chromosome (Power, 1988). (veteriankey.com)

Human1

• Additionally, there are two reports about infertile stallions having XXY sex chromosomes - an equine counterpart to human Kleinfelter syndrome (Kubien et al. (veteriankey.com)

Research1

• He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)

Present1

• Then I will present our recent work on artificial morphogenesis. (espci.fr)

Interphase4

• The resolution goes down to about 1Mb for interphase (spread out) chromosomes. (cytotest.com)
• 7. Integration of conventional cytogenetics, comparative genomic hybridisation and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation for the detection of genomic rearrangements in acute leukaemia. (nih.gov)
• Although bulk chromatin is thought to have limited mobility within the interphase eukaryotic nucleus, directed long-distance chromosome movements are not unknown. (silverchair.com)
• Then, an interphase or metaphase chromosome preparation is produced. (iiab.me)

Acrocentric chromosomes1

• Approximately 70% originate from acrocentric chromosomes. (nih.gov)

Chromosomal5

• [ 21 ] This probe set is especially useful for the characterization of the chromosomal origin of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC). (medscape.com)
• With FISH, chromosomal rearrangements or aberrations of as small as a few megabase pairs (million base pairs) can be made visible on metaphase (condensed) chromosomes. (cytotest.com)
• [9] FISH allows the analysis of a large series of archival cases much easier to identify the pinpointed chromosome by creating a probe with an artificial chromosomal foundation that will attract similar chromosomes. (iiab.me)
• In addition, numerous reports have described an abnormal chromosomal phenotype affecting single or a few chromosomes in mitotic preparations from tumor-derived and other established cell lines. (prolekarniky.cz)
• Furthermore, the under-condensed and late replicating phenotype present in tumor-derived cells occurred only on certain rearranged chromosomes and not on others, suggesting that the under-condensed and late replicating phenotype was associated with certain chromosomal rearrangements [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)

Marker chromosomes1

• Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMC) are heterogeneous group of chromosomes which are reported in variable phenotypes. (nih.gov)

Karyotype1

• [ 14 ] MCB/m-banding allows for differentiation of chromosome region-specific areas at the band and sub-band level at a resolution of 550 bands per haploid karyotype. (medscape.com)

Clones1

• Identification and Preliminary Analysis of Several Centromere-associated Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Clones from a Diploid Wheat Library [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Molecular cytogenetic1

• The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentina topotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. (bvsalud.org)

Structural2

• The chromosome was chosen for the in-depth study due to observed structural variability among wild lupin species revealed by BAC-FISH and supplemented by in silico mapping of recently released lupin genome assemblies. (cas.cz)
• Disruption of ASAR6 leads to the formation of bridged chromosomes, micronuclei, and structural instability of chromosome 6. (prolekarniky.cz)

Microscope3

• At the end of the assay the tissue samples are visualized under a fluorescence microscope. (iiab.me)
• In 2013, Shroff developed the diSPIM, which is a dual light-sheet, fluorescence microscope that acquires two perpendicular views of a sample. (nih.gov)
• The iSIM is another fluorescence microscope developed in the Shroff lab. (nih.gov)

Sequences1

• It was developed by biomedical researchers in the early 1980s [1] to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. (iiab.me)

Alleles1

• Disruption of ASAR6 results in delayed replication, delayed mitotic chromosome condensation, and activation of the previously silent alleles of mono-allelic genes on chromosome 6. (prolekarniky.cz)

Genera2

• All bacterial genera recognized by Bergey appear as subject headings, as do certain specific names of medical importance. (nih.gov)
• The subheading infections may be used under both bacterial and parasitic genera to indicate infections for which a more specific name either does not exist or is not used in this list (as PASTEURELLA, infections). (nih.gov)

Cytogenetics1

• In order to check the types and extent of evolutionary conserved breakpoints we studied here for the first time the chromosomes of Hylobates pileatus (HPI) compared to HSA and Hylobates lar (HLA) by means of molecular cytogenetics. (biomedcentral.com)

Locus3

• One of the variant forms of a gene at a particular locus on a chromosome. (nih.gov)
• We have identified a cis -acting locus on human chromosome 6 that controls this replication-timing program. (prolekarniky.cz)
• This locus encodes a large intergenic non-coding RNA gene named Asynchronous replication and Autosomal RNA on chromosome 6, or ASAR6 . (prolekarniky.cz)

GENES3

• In research, FISH is used to identify the position of genes, determine the number and integrity of human chromosomes, for karyotyping and chromosome painting. (cytotest.com)
• The majority of genes on homologous chromosomes replicate synchronously. (prolekarniky.cz)
• However, mono-allelically expressed genes such as imprinted genes, allelically excluded genes, and genes on female X chromosomes replicate asynchronously. (prolekarniky.cz)

Breakpoints2

• More breakpoints were observed on chromosome 1 than on the other chromosomes examined (p (bvsalud.org)
• The number of breakpoints in the heterochromatin region 1p11-q12 was lower than in other parts of chromosome 1 (p (bvsalud.org)

Genomic2

• Understanding genomes of other species and comparing them to HSA needs full karyotypic and high resolution genomic data to approach both: euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the studied chromosome-content. (biomedcentral.com)
• Finally, ectopic integration of cloned genomic DNA containing ASAR6 causes delayed replication of entire mouse chromosomes. (prolekarniky.cz)

Heterochromatin1

• Our results are consistent with the idea that the default 3D architecture of the X chromosome forms the basis for regional differences in Xi heterochromatin stability. (nature.com)

Bacteria1

• Clonal populations of bacteria, each population maintaining a single artificial chromosome, are stored in various laboratories around the world. (iiab.me)

Differences1

• Morphological differences between mitotic chromosomes residing within the same cell were first described in mammalian cells over forty years ago (reviewed in [1] ). (prolekarniky.cz)

Fibers1

• Even greater resolution can be achieved with recently developed methods encompassing artificial stretching of chromatin fibers. (cytotest.com)

Detection1

• High-sensitivity Detection of Fruit Tree Viruses Using Bacterial Magnetic Particles [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Replication4

• Chromosome-wide late replication is an enigmatic hallmark of the inactive X chromosome (Xi). (nature.com)
• By single-cell DNA replication sequencing, here we show that the entire Xi is reorganized to replicate rapidly and uniformly in late S-phase during X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), reflecting its relatively uniform structure revealed by 4C-seq. (nature.com)
• Mammalian chromosomes initiate DNA replication at multiple sites along their length during each S phase following a temporal replication program. (prolekarniky.cz)
• The individual under-condensed chromosomes synthesized DNA after the normally condensed chromosomes had finished replication, indicating that the under-condensed chromosomes were extremely late replicating, with DNA synthesis extending into the G2 phase. (prolekarniky.cz)

Study3

• 10. Cytogenetic study of a patient with infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia using GTG-banding and chromosome painting. (nih.gov)
• In this study, we compared chromosome damage in city policemen from three cities in the Czech Republic: industrial Ostrava characterized by high levels of benzo[a]pyrene, Prague with heavy traffic emitting nitrogen oxides, and relatively clean Ceske Budejovice located in an area with predominantly agricultural activity. (bvsalud.org)
• Our study showed, that air pollution increased the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, especially dicentric chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)

Small1

• The bacterial 70S ribosome is composed of a 50S large subunit and a 30S small subunit. (lookformedical.com)

Process1

• Peptide Elongation Factor G catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of bacterial ribosomes by a process linked to hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. (lookformedical.com)

Samples1

• An increase in the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, that is, dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments, was observed in spring samples from Ostrava (p = .014 and p = .044, respectively) and Prague (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively) in comparison with Ceske Budejovice. (bvsalud.org)