Fluorescein corneal ulcer. Medical search. Frequent questions

Simple corneal abrasions generally heal quickly over a few days. (vets4pets.com)
Fluorescein stain is used to detect abrasions in the cornea. (southmountainequine.com)
Other causes of ulcers include: herpes simplex viral infections, inflammatory diseases, corneal abrasions or injuries, and other systemic diseases. (atlantic-optical.com)
Your medical examiner may also ask you for fluorescein stating, which is when a special dye is applied to the eyes to check for corneal abrasions or ulcers. (healthshots.com)
Diagnostic tests your vet might run include bacterial cultures, a fluorescein eye stain test to check for corneal ulcers or abrasions, a Schirmer's tear test to check your pup's tear production, and a test for glaucoma. (hillspet.hk)

The earliest sign of active viral replication in the corneal epithelium is the development of small, raised, clear vesicles. (medscape.com)
Superficial ulcers involve a loss of part of the epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
They are recognized by undermined epithelium that surrounds the ulcer and easily peels back. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescein sodium stain is a hydrophilic dye used to evaluate tear film stability (tear film breakup time), integrity of the corneal epithelium (ulcers), corneal integrity (Seidel test), nasolacrimal duct patency (Jones test), and intraocular angiography. (merckvetmanual.com)
Loss of the lipophilic corneal epithelium results in binding by the hydrophilic stroma. (merckvetmanual.com)
Some ulcers will have loose epithelium on the surface of the eye and debridement by a veterinarian can be helpful in the healing process and reduces areas that bacteria and fungi have to hide. (southmountainequine.com)
The corneal layer consists of three layers of cells: the corneal epithelium, the corneal stroma, and the corneal endothelium. (petdragon.us)
A corneal ulcer is a defect on the outer layer of the cornea, which is caused by necrotic damage to the stroma and epithelium. (justsweetpets.com)
Indolent ulcers are said to be the most common and occur when the epithelium and stroma don't stick together like they're supposed to. (qualitydogresources.com)
Bacterial ulcers tend to be extremely painful and are typically associated with a break in the epithelium, the superficial layer of the cornea. (atlantic-optical.com)
If the outer protective layer becomes damaged, the resulting hole in the epithelium is called an ulcer. (eye-vet.co.uk)
But to confirm the diagnosis, we use an orange dye called fluorescein, which when put in the eye sticks to the stroma (the layer underneath the epithelium) staining it green. (eye-vet.co.uk)
These are superficial ulcers which fail to heal because although the epithelium grows across the stroma, it fails to adhere to it. (eye-vet.co.uk)
With a simple ulcer, the epithelium should heal completely within a week. (eye-vet.co.uk)
In these ulcers, the epithelium regrows but does not stick down. (eye-vet.co.uk)
In short, when in a dry, dusty, windy environment, or I get dehydrated or too little sleep-in general, how I spent my week on the route-can precipitate a sloughing off of the eye's epithelium, exposing the corneal nerves. (hyperlitemountaingear.com)

They are sometimes known as spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs), persistent corneal erosions, non-healing ulcers, or boxer ulcers. (qualitydogresources.com)
Indolent corneal ulcers (spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects) represent a subset of the complicated ulcers seen in dogs. (thevets.com)

There are many causes of corneal ulcers. (atlantic-optical.com)

The most common cause of corneal ulcers in dogs is trauma. (vets4pets.com)
Pseudomonas is a common cause of corneal ulcer seen in those who wear contacts. (atlantic-optical.com)

Corneal abrasion and/or foreign body - Characterized by severe pain, redness, tearing, and photophobia after a traumatic injury or contact lens use. (jucm.com)
Corneal ulcers are open sores on the surface of the eye that can cause pain, redness, watery discharge, and light sensitivity. (mybeaglebuddy.com)
It makes it very difficult for the patient to wear contact lenses because they keep getting corneal ulcers and redness. (clinicalondon.co.uk)

HSV keratitis remains primarily a clinical diagnosis based on characteristic features of the corneal lesion. (medscape.com)
Once a veterinarian has made the diagnosis, medications depending on the severity of the ulcer and the amount of edema in the cornea. (southmountainequine.com)
Diagnosis is by slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, and microbial studies. (msdmanuals.com)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of blindness due to corneal disease in the United States and the most common source of infectious blindness in the Western world. (medscape.com)
Dendritic ulcers are the most common presentation of HSV keratitis. (medscape.com)
Corneal ulcer, also called keratitis, is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Fungal keratitis causes deep and severe corneal ulcer. (wikipedia.org)
Small satellite lesions around the ulcer are a common feature of fungal keratitis and hypopyon is usually seen. (wikipedia.org)
Viral keratitis causes corneal ulceration. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial ulcers are most commonly due to contact lens wear and are rarely due to secondary infection from traumatic abrasion or herpes simplex keratitis. (msdmanuals.com)
Corneal signs include superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), shield ulcer, and even keratoconus. (your-eye-sight.org)
Ulcerative keratitis or corneal ulcers commonly occur in dogs. (thevets.com)

A corneal ulcer is a corneal epithelial defect with underlying inflammation usually due to invasion by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or Acanthamoeba . (msdmanuals.com)
A corneal ulcer begins as a corneal epithelial defect that stains with fluorescein and an underlying dull, grayish, circumscribed superficial opacity (representing an infiltrate). (msdmanuals.com)
NK can be classified into 3 stages based on the severity of the corneal damage: mild stage 1-epithelial alterations, moderate stage 2-non-healing persistent epithelial defect (PED) and severe stage 3-corneal ulcer [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Deep ulcers extend into or through the stroma and can result in severe scarring and corneal perforation. (wikipedia.org)
Descemetoceles occur when the ulcer extends through the stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Melting ulcers are a type of corneal ulcer involving progressive loss of stroma in a dissolving fashion. (wikipedia.org)
These infectious agents produce proteases and collagenases which break down the corneal stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Ulcers are characterized by corneal epithelial defects with underlying inflammation and necrosis of the corneal stroma. (msdmanuals.com)

Central ulcers are typically caused by trauma, dry eye, or exposure from facial nerve paralysis or exophthalmos. (wikipedia.org)
However, an ulcer doesn't only happen because of trauma - excessive dryness can cause part of the cornea to die and peel away, giving a similar effect. (vethelpdirect.com)
Absolutely any dog may get a corneal ulcer due to trauma. (vethelpdirect.com)
It can be initiated by mechanical trauma or nutritional deficiencies, and uncontrolled inflammation can produce corneal necrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Ulcers caused by Acanthamoeba (also most commonly due to exposure to contaminated water while wearing contact lenses) and fungi (most commonly due to trauma with vegetable material) are indolent but progressive, whereas those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (seen most frequently in contact lens wearers) develop rapidly, causing deep and extensive corneal necrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Eye ulcers are usually caused by trauma. (qualitydogresources.com)
Ulcers are most commonly caused by a deeper trauma, specifically blunt trauma and laceration that usually occur during catfights. (betterwithcats.net)
All adults attending an eye unit should have their intraocular pressure (IOP) measured, unless there is a contraindication (e.g. trauma or corneal ulcer). (cehjournal.org)
A corneal ulcer can be defined as a wound in the cornea, which can be caused by trauma or diseases such as diabetes , hypothyroidism or Addison's disease. (animalwised.com)
Risk factors for corneal ulcers include: contact lens use, ocular trauma, previous eye surgery, underlying corneal problems and poor eyelid closure. (ecsv.com)

This type of ulcer is especially dangerous and can rapidly result in corneal perforation, if not treated in time. (wikipedia.org)
corneal perforation with iris prolapse, pus in the anterior chamber (hypopyon), panophthalmitis, and destruction of the eye may occur without treatment and, on occasion, even with the best available treatment, particularly if treatment is delayed. (msdmanuals.com)
If the ulcer reaches this depth, then the eye is at imminent risk of perforation. (eye-vet.co.uk)
If left untreated, NK can progress to corneal perforation, scarring, and profound vision loss. (biomedcentral.com)

They'll use an orange dye called fluorescein to check whether the cornea has been damaged. (vets4pets.com)

Although corneal ulcers can affect all dogs, certain types of ulcers affect some breeds more than others. (vets4pets.com)
What are the different types of ulcers a dog can get on their eye? (qualitydogresources.com)
There are essentially two types of ulcers a dog can get in their eye. (qualitydogresources.com)

They are also known as indolent ulcers or Boxer ulcers. (wikipedia.org)
However, if an ulcer doesn't want to heal (these are called "indolent ulcers"), or starts to get bigger (e.g. a "melting ulcer"), there are a wide range of different treatment options we can use. (vethelpdirect.com)
These are also called indolent ulcers, and are commonly seen in older dogs. (eye-vet.co.uk)

What are the symptoms of an eye ulcer in a dog? (vets4pets.com)
Introduction to Corneal Disorders Symptoms that suggest corneal involvement (eg, rather than simple conjunctivitis) include unilateral involvement, pain (foreign body sensation and ache-not just a gritty sensation), particularly. (msdmanuals.com)
More severe symptoms and complications tend to occur with deeper ulcers. (msdmanuals.com)
Subsequently, the ulcer penetrates into deeper layers, which are not painful when damaged due to weak innervation, and the initial symptoms of inflammation disappear. (justsweetpets.com)
The symptoms associated with corneal ulcers depend on whether they are infectious or sterile, as well as the aggressiveness of the infecting organism. (atlantic-optical.com)

Prominent features of a dendritic ulcer include a linear branching pattern with terminal bulbs at the ends of the branches, swollen epithelial borders of the branches, and central ulceration through the basement membrane. (medscape.com)
The tear test is especially important in cases of corneal ulceration. (vin.com)
Fracture of the orbit may result in damage to the nerve that provides vision and cornea, resulting in corneal ulceration or blindness. (acvs.org)
Topical anti-inﬂammatories are indicated when corneal staining shows no ulceration. (eyecareforanimals.com)

Corneal ulcers are painful due to nerve exposure, and can cause tearing, squinting, and vision loss of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
An eye ulcer in a dog, also called a corneal ulcer, is a common, painful condition that can develop following a scratch or other injury, or because of infection. (vets4pets.com)
A corneal ulcer is painful. (vets4pets.com)
Corneal ulcers due to Acanthamoeba are often intensely painful and may show transient corneal epithelial defects, multiple corneal stromal infiltrates, and, later, a large ring-shaped infiltrate. (msdmanuals.com)
In severe cases, this condition is painful and can cause pain, corneal ulcers, small holes in the cornea, or even change the pigment of the cornea which can cause vision problems. (hugspetproducts.com)
Surprisingly, deep ulcers often become less painful, as the nerve endings are near the corneal surface, and a deep ulcer has moved beyond them. (eye-vet.co.uk)
An ulcer in a dog's eye can be painful and, if left untreated, or allowed to progress, can lead to permanent blindness. (thevets.com)

The response to the treatment depends mostly on the bacterial species, and the ulcer may be particularly refractory to treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
Fungal ulcers, which are more chronic than bacterial ulcers, are densely infiltrated and show occasional multiple discrete islands of infiltrate (satellite lesions) at the periphery. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacterial ulcers may be associated with diseases that compromise the corneal surface, creating a window of opportunity for organisms to infect the cornea. (atlantic-optical.com)
Bacterial ulcers require aggressive treatment. (atlantic-optical.com)
Other ways your kitty could end up with ulcers are viral or bacterial infections, as well as conditions like diabetes mellitus, and Cushing's disease. (betterwithcats.net)
Some of the causes of increased tear production in cats include conjunctivitis (viral or bacterial), allergies, eye injuries, abnormal eyelashes (distichia or ectopic cilia), corneal ulcers, eye infections, anatomical abnormalities such as rolled in eyelids (entropion) or rolled out eyelids (ectropion), and glaucoma. (livs.org)

Sensory abnormalities, including absent or diminished corneal sensation and hypoalgesia in the periorbital region, are frequently observed in patients with CSS. (e-jvc.org)

If they are really deep, down to the last corneal layer (the endothelium), then we call them descemetocoeles. (eye-vet.co.uk)
The innermost layer of the cornea is a very, very thin layer called the Descemet's membrane (or corneal endothelium). (eye-vet.co.uk)

Some dogs are prone to conjunctivitis which is caused by allergies, bacteria, or irritation from a secondary eye condition (glaucoma or ulcer). (hugspetproducts.com)
In severe cases, conjunctivitis can cause corneal ulcers, which can lead to vision loss if left untreated. (catreign.com)

Treatment of your dog's eye ulcer will depend on what exactly is wrong. (vets4pets.com)
What Are The Signs That A Dog's Eye Ulcer Is Healing? (qualitydogresources.com)

Rose bengal is a stain used to identify damage to the conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells. (merckvetmanual.com)
This medication helps reduce inﬂammation of the conjunctival and corneal surfaces and reduces the long-term scarring effects. (eyecareforanimals.com)

In long-standing cases, blood vessels may grow in from the limbus (corneal neovascularization). (msdmanuals.com)

Entropion can occur alone or may be accompanied by other eye problems such as abnormal eyelashes, corneal ulcers and scarring, and ectropion (outward rolling of the eyelid). (petplace.com)

Deep ulcers which are more than 50% of the depth of the cornea often require surgery to provide structural support to the defect and to promote healing with a healthy blood supply. (eye-vet.co.uk)
An ulcer in the eye of a dog refers to a defect in the outermost portion of the eye, leading to swelling and inflammation. (thevets.com)

Sensitivity to light (photophobia) is also a common symptom of corneal ulcer. (wikipedia.org)

A deep ulcer occurs when deeper corneal tissue pushes through the outermost layer or when the cornea has been damaged all the way through, making a hole through the cornea. (thevets.com)

Amoebic infection of the cornea is a serious corneal infection, often affecting contact lens wearers. (wikipedia.org)
In ophthalmology, a corneal ulcer usually refers to having an infection, while the term corneal abrasion refers more to a scratch injury. (wikipedia.org)
A fluorescein stain revealed a dendritic corneal ulcer, and JOH suspected a herpetic infection. (aafp.org)
The majority of corneal ulcers will heal rapidly with conservative treatment - antibiotic eyedrops to prevent and treat infection, and painkillers to reduce the discomfort and swelling. (vethelpdirect.com)
Watery eyes (epiphora) can be cause by sensitivity to wind, cold, corneal ulcers, or a developing infection. (hugspetproducts.com)
It can be because infection is present, with release of enzymes that can cause corneal melting. (eye-vet.co.uk)
A corneal ulcer is an infection of the cornea, the clear, "windshield-like" tissue on the surface of the eye. (ecsv.com)
Corticosteroids cannot be used in the face of ulcers because they may decrease healing and increase the spread of infection. (eyecareforanimals.com)

Shallow ulcers form after the vesicles rupture on mucous membranes. (medscape.com)
The cornea often looks clearer as the ulcer becomes deeper, as it is becoming thinner so these eyes can look "better" when they are actually getting dangerously close to rupture. (eye-vet.co.uk)
Corneal drying can lead to significant patient discomfort, corneal vascularization, corneal pigmentation, corneal scarring, corneal mineralization, corneal ulcers and even corneal rupture. (eyecareforanimals.com)

Treatment for corneal ulcers depends on their severity and may involve antibiotics, eye drops, or surgery. (mybeaglebuddy.com)
The severity of corneal ulcers ranges from mild to severe, often depending on the pathogen involved. (ecsv.com)

The long-term clinical utility of treatment with Cenegermin for NK was demonstrated through the low rate of lesion recurrence along with improvements in corneal sensitivity and tear production. (biomedcentral.com)

Refractory corneal ulcers are superficial ulcers that heal poorly and tend to recur. (wikipedia.org)

Usually, the first-line treatment for an abrasion or superficial corneal ulcer is antibiotic eye drops once the cause has been found and removed or treated. (vets4pets.com)
These include plasma drops (where your dog's own blood is collected, processed, and then applied to the eye to prevent melting or widening of the ulcer) and EDTA drops (same reason). (vethelpdirect.com)
Special types of eye drops containing dye such as fluorescein may be instilled to highlight the ulcer, making it easier to detect. (atlantic-optical.com)
After numbing the eye with topical eye drops, cells are gently scraped from the corneal surface and tested to determine the infecting organism. (atlantic-optical.com)
Sterile ulcers are typically treated by reducing the eye's inflammatory response with steroid drops, anti-inflammatory drops, and antibiotics. (atlantic-optical.com)
While superficial, uncomplicated ulcers can heal within a week on antibiotic eye drops and lubrication, some ulcers can become deeper. (eye-vet.co.uk)
On looking at the slit lamp, which essentially is a microscope, and putting in some fluorescein eye drops which bind to dead or dying cells on the surface of the eye, this will reveal corneal ulcers, dry spots, early tear breakup time and punctate epithelial changes. (clinicalondon.co.uk)
Instill the local anaesthetic drops and then the fluorescein. (cehjournal.org)
In addition to drops or gel preparations, artificial tear ointments are sometimes used to provide prolonged corneal contact overnight and during times when the patient cannot be treated frequently. (eyecareforanimals.com)

We perform conjunctival grafts, corneo-conjunctival grafts and corneal grafts to repair these lesions. (eye-vet.co.uk)

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a rare, degenerative ocular disease characterized by reduction or loss of corneal sensitivity and development of non-healing corneal epithelial defects and ulcers. (biomedcentral.com)

Corneal ulcers tend to heal with scar tissue, resulting in opacification of the cornea and decreased visual acuity. (msdmanuals.com)
Will a corneal ulcer need to be treated by a vet or will it heal on its own? (qualitydogresources.com)
Complicated ulcers may be infected, take longer to heal, and require various therapies above and beyond the standard fare. (thevets.com)
In NK patients, reduced corneal sensation and decreased tear production make the corneal surface vulnerable to injuries and impair its ability to heal [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

fluorescein will pool in epithelialized stromal defects. (vin.com)

This is the only way to detect lagophthalmos, which accounts for much of the corneal disease in brachycephalic breeds. (vin.com)
Fluorescein dye is used to detect any corneal ulcers that may be present due to the constant rubbing of the eyelashes against the cornea. (petplace.com)
They may also perform additional tests, such as a Schirmer tear test to check for dry eye or a fluorescein stain test to detect corneal ulcers. (mybeaglebuddy.com)

It is used in cats to look for dendritic ulcers due to feline herpesvirus. (merckvetmanual.com)
These often have a characteristic pattern and are called dendritic ulcers. (eye-vet.co.uk)

A triple antibiotic ointment will be the staple treatment for uncomplicated ulcers. (southmountainequine.com)

The earliest signs of neurotrophic keratopathy include an irregular corneal surface and punctate epithelial erosions. (medscape.com)

Refractory corneal ulcers are most commonly seen in diabetics and often occur in the other eye later. (wikipedia.org)
Superficial corneal ulcers are the mot common eye injury to occur in horse's. (southmountainequine.com)
Simple corneal ulcers generally are uncomplicated, not likely to be infected, occur acutely, and are superficial. (thevets.com)
They are often persistent, non-healing ulcers and commonly occur in Boxers. (thevets.com)
In more advanced cases, widespread and severe corneal drying can occur and lead to permanent damage. (eyecareforanimals.com)

Herpes virus cause a dendritic ulcer, which can recur and relapse over the lifetime of an individual. (wikipedia.org)

This type of ulcer has a long and severe course, is prone to relapse and is difficult to treat. (justsweetpets.com)

The pathophysiology of MECs is usually unclear, though the ADC cytotoxic payload may contribute to on- or off-target effects on corneal epithelial cells. (idplink.net)

Which dog breeds are most at risk of eye ulcers? (vets4pets.com)
In addition, some breeds (such as Boxers) are at an increased risk of developing an indolent, or non-healing, ulcer if they do get an eye injury. (vethelpdirect.com)

The term infiltrate is also commonly used along with ulcer. (atlantic-optical.com)

The Schirmer's tear test should be done to any eye in which there is discharge, signs of inflammation, or corneal disease (there is no contraindication for this procedure). (vin.com)
VKC is a severe inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be associated with corneal complications. (your-eye-sight.org)
Inflammation from the toxin caused by staphylococcal bacteria on the eye can cause an ulcer on the eye. (clinicalondon.co.uk)

If an ulcer isn't healing as hoped, but is getting larger or deeper, your vet will be able to tell by looking at the fluorescein staining. (vets4pets.com)
Since there are three layers in the cornea penetration or erosion through the first two layers is called corneal erosion or corneal abrasion while a corneal ulcer is much deeper, reaching the final layer. (betterwithcats.net)

Also, this test can determine the depth of the ulcer, the condition of the cornea itself and the smallest erosions. (justsweetpets.com)

More severe ulcers may spread to involve the width of the cornea, may penetrate deeply, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Some patients with severe ulcers may require hospitalization for IV antibiotics and around-the-clock therapy. (atlantic-optical.com)

Beagles are susceptible to corneal ulcers due to their prominent eyes and propensity for sniffing, which can expose their eyes to foreign objects and bacteria. (mybeaglebuddy.com)

Many micro-organisms cause infective corneal ulcer. (wikipedia.org)

Next, the cornea is stained with 1% fluorescein, with the ulcer staining green. (wikipedia.org)
Any microbial cultures should be taken before fluorescein staining. (merckvetmanual.com)
SPK is marked by dryness of the cornea and small dots of positive staining when fluorescein is instilled in the eye. (your-eye-sight.org)

Corneal ulcers are diagnosed with a careful examination using a slit lamp microscope. (atlantic-optical.com)

Immune-mediated eye disease can cause ulcers at the border of the cornea and sclera. (wikipedia.org)
In cats, there is a virus (FHV-1) which can damage the cornea and cause ulcers. (eye-vet.co.uk)

Evidence suggests that the virus also may subsist latently within corneal tissue, serving as another potential source of recurrent disease and causing donor-derived HSV disease in transplanted corneas. (medscape.com)
These dyes stick only to damaged corneal tissue, and glow when exposed to blue light, so we can see where, and how large, the damaged area is. (vethelpdirect.com)
Ulcers can be superficial (only damaging the surface of the eye) or deep (damaging further into the tissue, making treatment more complex and the risk of complications higher). (thevets.com)

Contact lens wearers (especially soft) have an increased risk of ulcers if they do not adhere to strict regimens for the cleaning, handling, and disinfection of their lenses and cases. (atlantic-optical.com)

A corneal abrasion, or corneal erosion, is when only some of the cornea is damaged. (vets4pets.com)
A corneal ulcer forms when the surface of the cornea is damaged or compromised. (atlantic-optical.com)

A full thickness hole in the cornea may be the result of traumatic injury to the eye or progression of a melting corneal ulcer. (acvs.org)

PURPOSE: To report a case of neovascularization against autologous grafts after simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) despite successful corneal epithelialization, as well as its subsequent regression without intervention. (bvsalud.org)

Also, fluorescein stain (a bright green stain) is used to define breaks in the corneal surface and to assess the rate of tear film breakup. (eyecareforanimals.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms3

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes1

Information Science1

Abrasions5

Epithelium16

Spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects2

Causes of Corneal Ulcers1

Common cause of corneal2

Redness3

Diagnosis3

Keratitis9

Epithelial defect3

Stroma5

Trauma10

Perforation4

Orange dye called fluorescein1

Types of ulcers3

Indolent ulcers3

Symptoms5

Ulceration4

Painful7

Bacterial6

Diminished corneal sensation1

Endothelium2

Conjunctivitis2

Dog's eye2

Conjunctival and corneal2

Limbus1

Abnormal eyelashes1

Defect2

Photophobia1

Deep ulcer1

Infection8

Rupture3

Severity2

Lesion1

Superficial ulcers1

Drops9

Lesions1

Ocular1

Heal4

Stromal1

Detect3

Dendritic ulcers2

Antibiotic1

Punctate1

Occur5

Herpes1

Type of ulcer1

Pathophysiology1

Breeds2

Infiltrate1

Inflammation3

Deeper2

Erosions1

Severe ulcers2

Bacteria1

Infective1

Staining3

Slit-lamp1

Cause ulcers2

Tissue3

Wearers1

Cornea is damaged2

Melting1

Neovascularization1

Tear film breakup1