We previously reported that mouse fetuses or neonates exposed to 2 Gy of X rays showed an unexpectedly low incidence of chromosome damage in lymphocytes, bone marrow, and spleen cells when the mice were subsequently examined at 20 weeks of age. (bioone.org)
However, in cases of accidental exposure to ionising radiation, the culturing of lymphocytes to obtain metaphasechromosomes and analysis of chromosomal aberrations is time-consuming and problematic after high radiation doses. (bvsalud.org)
Interphase2
Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
Painting of whole chromosomes using chromosome-specific probes in interphase nuclei by the FISH technique will eliminate the time required for cell culture and allow a fast dose estimate, provided that a meaningful dose-response can be obtained by scoring the number of chromosomal domains visible in interphase nuclei. (bvsalud.org)
Fluorescence4
We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes derived from bivariate fluorescence activated flow sorting of primate chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 "paint" probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
Chromosome 21 was chosen for examination because of the availability of trisomy 21 cells ( Bhattacharyya and Svendsen, 2003 ) that could serve as a positive control for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (jneurosci.org)
Metaphase spreads stained with Giemsa or painted with chromosome-specific probes by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) have been in use since long for retrospective dose assessment (biological dosimetry). (bvsalud.org)
Probes5
In cases where human and primate karyotypes differ by chromosome rearrangements, reverse painting of primate probes resulted in a subregional delineation of the human homologous chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Hybridization of human chromosomes with painting probes derived from both gibbons showed that, with the exception of human chromosomes 15, 18, 21, 22 and the sex chromosomes, each chromosome was differentiated in at least two and up to six segments. (nih.gov)
They were also used in a multi colour format (colour segmenting) to differentiate the entire human karyotype into 81 homologous coloured segments with probes derived from H. concolor, and 74 segments with probes derived from H. syndactylus. (nih.gov)
FISH "paint" probes against the whole q arm of chromosome 21 and a point probe against a region on the q arm of 21 (21q22.13-q22.2) were obtained from Vysis (Downer's Grove, IL). (jneurosci.org)
Irradiated whole blood was kept for 2 h at 37°C to allow DNA repair and thereafter processed for FISH with probes specific for Chromosomes-1 and 2. (bvsalud.org)
Centromere3
As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
In particular, a distinction between those inversions which cover both chromosome arms and thus include the centromere (pericentric inversions) and those which are restricted to a single chromosome arm (paracentric inversions) has often been made [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes5
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Thus genes can be said to flow in a river through geological time. (wikipedia.org)
Dawkins prefers to model ancestry in terms of genes flowing through a river of time. (wikipedia.org)
An ancestor gene flows down the river either as perfect replicas of itself or as slightly mutated descendant genes. (wikipedia.org)
Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)
Mitosis1
Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
Unexpectedly1
Unexpectedly, the length of the chromosome harboring the rDNA sequence varied between the two isolates of the same genetic background but with opposite mating types Figure B in S1 File. (andrestewartauthor.com)
Fragments2
Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
However, most fragments derived from pulverized chromosomes are acentric and cannot directly bind to spindle microtubules 14 . (nature.com)
Gene4
He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Inversions are intrachromosomal structural mutations which result in the reversal of gene order (and no change in the genic content of a chromosome) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The characteristics of a single copy of a specific gene, or of a single copy of a specific location on a chromosome. (ojp.gov)
A gene present on the X and Y sex chromosomes that is used in DNA identification testing to determine the gender of the donor of the DNA in a biological sample. (ojp.gov)
Ancestor1
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Rearrangements2
Sequencing of daughter cell pairs derived from micronucleated mother cells demonstrated that complex rearrangements are indeed a common outcome of micronucleus formation. (nature.com)
These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)
Nuclear2
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
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Distinct2
Thus, distinct patterns of chromothripsis can be explained by the spatial clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei. (nature.com)
Since no evidence of clonality was observed in the irradiated mother, we concluded that in both fetuses and neonates, there exists a small fraction of stem cells that are distinct from the bulk of the stem cell compartment in terms of their ability to acquire and transmit radiation-induced chromosome damage through clonal expansion. (bioone.org)
FISH3
The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Steep-pass Denil fishway part of the fishladder can be seen here, water is flowing too rapidly here for any fish to be able to go upstream. (biofrontierlab.com)
To overcome this problem, multi-color FISH (mFISH) was employed, which assigns all 21 individual chromosome types of the mouse a unique color. (bioone.org)
Mechanism2
The mechanism that has carried the derived inversion haplotypes to such high allele frequencies remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Decrease in arterial the pCO2 resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow is the proposed mechanism for stocm effects of hyperventilation. (binaryoptiontradingscam.com)
Bone1
A quality control worker in a feed factory developed acute disease after taking samples of cattle feed treated with phytase, a fungal-derived enzyme used to treat cattle feed to strengthen bone. (cdc.gov)
Cells2
Toward determining the presence of constitutional aneuploidy in the human brain, we report here an analysis of the frequency of chromosome 21 gain and loss among neurons and non-neuronal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of normal individuals ranging from 2 to 86 years of age. (jneurosci.org)
Similarly, analysing chromosomal damage in G0/G1 cells or nondividing cells by premature chromosome condensation is laborious. (bvsalud.org)
Species1
The highly skewed distribution of recombination events towards the chromosome ends in zebra finches and other estrildid species may function to minimize crossovers in the inverted regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Long5
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She is wearing what appears to be a long flowing dress. (gaffa.org)
In it, Kate's wearing a long dark velvet dress and a hat with a veil wrapped around her chin and flowing back over her hair. (gaffa.org)
For example, when the tail rotors are deactivated the tail rotors may be stowed in pods, allowed to weathervane, oriented such that the long axis is aligned with the air flow e. (xbrander.com)
Ginting said the residents had been waiting for too long for a galashiels permanent relocation site as their homes had been destroyed by victoria pyroclastic flows and volcanic ash. (enfes.de)
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Analysis2
The addition of colours not only simplifies chromosome identification compared to the analysis of classical banding based on grey values, but colour segmenting also provides simple coloured landmarks for further fine analysis by classical banding. (nih.gov)
Recent advances in the application of chromosome conformation capture-based sequencing analysis (3 C technologies) have revealed valuable aspects of the spatiotemporal interplay of viral genomes with host chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)
Cell2
Cell sorting and immunocytochemistry. (jneurosci.org)
High expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor predict poor prognosis in alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. (findo.com.mx)
Loss1
Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)
Body2
In 1888, Heinrich W. Waldeyer introduced the name "stained body" as "chromosome" ( Waldeyer, 1888 ) for what Gregor Mendel already postulated as "Kopplungsgruppen", which refers to "linked up groups" in German ( Mendel, 1866 ). (frontiersin.org)
Body armour in the Macedonian army was derived from a repertoire found throughout the Greek-speaking world. (theherdandherb.co.uk)
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Apollo 11 gave a magical edge to that eventful summer of 1969, as titanic cultural forces clashed and flowed past each other in America and across the World. (donaldedavis.com)
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