• In naïve DA rats IgE, the bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 ( Bst1 ) and the MHC class II β-chain ( MhcII ) were expressed at a higher level, and the immunoglobulin kappa chain ( Igκ ) was expressed at a lower level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of B cell-bound HLA-A2 class I monomers to generate high-avidity, allo-restricted CTLs against the leukemia-associated protein Wilms tumor antigen. (ox.ac.uk)
  • mRNA expression was investigated by microarray and real-time PCR, and protein expression was analyzed by flow cytometry or ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The autophagy level was evaluated by the mRNA expression of autophagy genes, the protein level of LC3II and p62, and the mean number of GFP-LC3 dot per cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • During erythropoiesis, the cells start to produce hemoglobin, lose nuclei and organelles, and induce plasma membrane remodeling. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are seen as a subpopulation of self-renewing tumor cells, which can differentiate into the daughter tumor cells, have the lower sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and exhibit tumor re-initiating property. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
  • The characterization of different populations within any mixture of cells is performed through direct measurement of optical cell properties (for example, light scatter and multicolor fluorescence emission), which in turn enables FACS of defined cell populations that can be cultured separately at a later stage [ 17 - 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may represent targets for carcinogenic initiation by chemical and environmental agents. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we show that chronic (6-month) exposure of human lung epithelial cells to single-walled (SW) CNTs at the workplace-relevant concentration induced an emergence of lung CSCs, as indicated by the induction of CSC tumor spheres and side population (SP). (oncotarget.com)
  • These CSCs, which were found to overexpress tumor promoter caveolin-1 (Cav-1), displayed aggressive cancer phenotypes of apoptosis resistance and enhanced cell invasion and migration compared with their non-CSC counterpart. (oncotarget.com)
  • Evolving research in stem cells and cancer biology have provided strong evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various human solid tumors, including brain, breast, bone marrow, prostrate, colon, and lung [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Induction of CSCs from non-tumorigenic cells may initiate carcinogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • OS cancer stem cells (CSCs) also are considered a key factor of tumorigenesis, drug resistance and tumor recurrence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD271+ OS CSCs and CD271- OS cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data indicated that CD271+ OS CSCs had a similar basic autophagy level with CD271- OS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cav-1 not only promoted tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model but also metastasis of the transformed cells to neighboring tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although autoantigens in PIA, as in RA, have not been identified, the disease is MHC class II associated, it is dependent on the activation of αβ T cells and it can be transferred. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously established that an unidentified factor, or factors, present in ovarian tumor ascites fluids reversibly inhibited the activation of T cells by arresting the T-cell signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is exposed to the greatest antigenic burden in the body, which poses a significant challenge to the many resident immune cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
  • Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are generally chemotherapy resistant and have a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In the present work, a combination of two methods was tested: FACS combined with growing cells in 96-well plates containing solid agar growth medium to accelerate both the isolation procedure and culture scale-up. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • More importantly, deficient-autophagy decreased the protein expression of stemness markers and caused the disappearance of the superiority in tumorigenicity in vitro and vivo in CD271+ OS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an important stress-response mechanism, autophagy plays crucial role in the tumor formation and drug resistance of cancer cells including osteosarcoma (OS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reckermann [ 19 ] described the sorting and culturing of a variety of unicellular species isolated from an environmental water sample. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Hence, our results provide evidence for the involvement of Ac and ceramide in controlling P. yoelii infection by regulating red blood cell development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 "paint" probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • Together, these data demonstrate that human brain cells (both neurons and non-neuronal cells) can be aneuploid and that the resulting genetic mosaicism is a normal feature of the human CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results show that direct sorting onto solid medium upon FACS can save about 3 weeks during the scale-up process as compared with the growth of the same cultures in liquid medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the impact of cell-intrinsic Ac activity and ceramide on the course of Plasmodium infection remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cell death was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining of fluorescence activated cell sorting, lactate dehydrogenase release and caspase-3 activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, CD271+ OS cells showed a higher autophagy activity than CD271- OS cells under hypoxia and low nutrient (LH) condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, we identified dysregulated erythropoiesis with reduced numbers of reticulocytes, the preferred host cells of P. yoelii , in Ac-deficient mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using gene manipulation strategies, we reveal for the first time that Cav-1 plays an essential role in CSC regulation and aggressiveness of SWCNT-transformed cells partly through p53 dysregulation, consistent with their suggested role by microarray and gene ontology analysis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Previous studies have shown the accumulation of human CD14 Hi or CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in the GI tract lamina propria (LP) during inflammation ( 2 , 6 , 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
  • Toward determining the presence of constitutional aneuploidy in the human brain, we report here an analysis of the frequency of chromosome 21 gain and loss among neurons and non-neuronal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of normal individuals ranging from 2 to 86 years of age. (jneurosci.org)
  • Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. (frontiersin.org)
  • Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. (mdpi.com)
  • The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. (mdpi.com)
  • After centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded, and the cell pellet was resuspended in a small volume of PBS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Interestingly, ablation of Ac leads to alleviated parasitemia associated with decreased T cell responses in the early phase of Plasmodium yoelii infection. (elifesciences.org)