A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
The main growing point (apical meristem) of the shoot is in a vegetative stage, producing new leaves. (johnsonsofpikeville.com)
Although principally involved in maintaining indeterminacy in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), members of the KNOX gene family have been co-opted in the evolution and development of compound leaves where they suppress differentiation and extend the morphogenetic potential of the leaf. (cam.ac.uk)
While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) formed in the embryo only contributes to the main stem, the branched structure observed in many plants relies on axillary meristems (AMs) formed post-embryonically. (researchgate.net)
The subsequent studies considered that higher plants share two essential features of floral transition: Generation of floral stimulus in leaves and its transport to the target, shoot apical meristem (SAM), which must be competent to receive it [ 2 ]. (jabonline.in)
Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem , the elongation zone, and the hair. (wikimili.com)
The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. (wikimili.com)
In essence, a flower structure forms on a modified shoot or axis with an apical meristem that does not grow continuously (growth is determinate). (fullgardens.com)
Axillary meristems3
Meristems can be formed either during embryogenesis or during the plant's life such as, for instance, axillary meristems. (researchgate.net)
Relatively short secondary shoots arise from axillary meristems subtended by small cauline leaves on the primary shoot and are also terminated by individual flowers (2° flowers). (qubs.ca)
Even shorter 3° shoots arise from axillary meristems on 2° shoots, and so on. (qubs.ca)
Arabidopsis4
Distinguished from the raceme-type inflorescences of Arabidopsis and panicle-type inflorescences of rice, tomato has a cyme-type inflorescence lacking a main axis, which initiates from a sympodial inflorescencemeristem (SIM). (nature.com)
This review will focus on the four-floral inductive pathways which operate in Arabidopsis: Photoperiodic, autonomous, gibberellin promotion, and vernalization pathways and how in this network of pathways, different nodes signify a site of signal integration and how the pathways are integrated, leading to a co-ordinated initiation of flowering. (jabonline.in)
Upon elimination of PNY (PENNYWISE) and PNF (POUNDFOOLISH) function in Arabidopsis , SAM remained in a vegetative state as it could not perceive the inductive signals, which suggested the connection between meristem architecture and their response potential to floral stimuli [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
The shedding of floral organs (or leaves) can be easily studied in a model plant called Arabidopsis. (elifesciences.org)
LEAFY3
In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
The leafy portion of the plant produces gametes, and a fertilized egg then develops into the spore-producing plant, which is just the stalk and sporangium. (blogspot.com)
Gametes4
Germ cells produce gametes and are the only cells that can undergo meiosis as well as mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Flowering plants often exhibit declining investment in gametes, seeds, and floral organs among sequentially blooming flowers within inflorescences. (qubs.ca)
The gynoecium is often referred to as the " female " portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells ), the gynoecium produces megaspores , each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. (wikipedia.org)
There are two alternate forms of every sexually-reproducing plant, one that produces spores and one that produces gametes. (blogspot.com)
Highly branched1
The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. (researchgate.net)
Organs4
Moreover, all floral organs (pistil, stamens, spurs, sepals) increase in size throughout floral development until the flowers fall apart (Griffin et al. (qubs.ca)
it consists of (one or more) pistils and is typically surrounded by the pollen -producing reproductive organs , the stamens , collectively called the androecium . (wikipedia.org)
The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta ) are one of the major groups of modern plants , comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers , where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. (academickids.com)
The pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs, but the typical flower is a bisporangiate strobilus in that it contains both organs. (fullgardens.com)
Stamens2
To accomplish this goal, the authors used an agamous loss-of-function mutant, which fails to produce stamens and carpels and instead produces an indeterminate set of sepals and petals. (frontiersin.org)
Androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house): one or two whorls of stamens, each a filament topped by an anther where pollen is produced. (fullgardens.com)
Ovary2
This is where the carpel comes in (, pin-shaped, and features a sac at its base in the, center of a flower, and this sac is the ovary that produces and contains developing, Moving upward, the ovary extends to support a style, that is a. tube-like structure leading up to the stigma at the very top. (uctomonika.cz)
the carpel margin meristem (arising from the carpel primordium ) produces the ovules , ovary septum, and the transmitting track, and plays a role in fusing the apical margins of carpels. (wikipedia.org)
Inflorescences2
The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
Whole inflorescences and individual flowers develop from extremely small meristems during the current flowering season. (qubs.ca)
Regulators1
microRNAs such as miR156 and miR172 and their corresponding targets are the key regulators of the phase changes in the floral transition [ 4 ]. (jabonline.in)
Arise1
Instead, germ cells can arise from somatic cells in the adult, such as the floral meristem of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
Reproductive2
The majority of flowering plants have "perfect" flowers which contain both male and female reproductive structures (Figure 2a), although some species produce "imperfect" flowers with only female (Figure 2b) or male (Figure 2c) structures. (uctomonika.cz)
Flowering plants are heterosporangiate, producing two types of reproductive spores. (fullgardens.com)
Axis1
Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
Pollen1
stamen and produces and contains the pollen. (uctomonika.cz)
Ovules1
gynoecia ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds . (wikipedia.org)
Genes2
Transcriptome analysis shows that several floral development-related genes are affected by STM3 mutation. (nature.com)
KNOX gene expression is not restricted to the spur-bearing petal, indicating that additional components are required to define nectar spur position, e.g. canonical ABC genes, determinants of floral zygomorphy, and additional (currently unknown) factors. (cam.ac.uk)
Plant's1
In their night break studies (utilizing brief light exposure for interruption of extended night period), they established that duration of night controls SD plant's floral induction and not the day's length. (jabonline.in)
Flower3
Although flower and inflorescence development has not been studied in fine detail, there are no indications of floral preformation. (qubs.ca)
The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds. (fullgardens.com)
When one flower is produced, the stem holding the flower is called a peduncle. (fullgardens.com)
Floral inductive signals induce the transformation of SAM into a floral meristem, and plants' flowering time could be affected by growing them in varying day lengths such as shortening day length by shading or increasing the day length by incandescent light bulbs [ 5 ]. (jabonline.in)
In bryophytes, the main plants - the green mats that spread and live for many years - are the gamete-producing generation, just like their algal ancestors. (blogspot.com)
Tree ferns are vascular plants, and their spore-producing generation is the main plant that can get quite tall. (blogspot.com)
Well something like that did happen in the ancestors of the vascular plants, and their spore-producing generation became the dominant conspicuous one, inventing lignin and xylem as a means to become ever taller. (blogspot.com)
[4] The first root in seed producing plants is the radicle , which expands from the plant embryo after seed germination. (wikimili.com)
Regulation2
A key question in biology is how changes in gene function or regulation produce new morphologies during evolution. (cam.ac.uk)
While the regulation of the stem cell population in an established meristem is well described, how it is initiated in newly formed meristems is less well underst. (researchgate.net)
Structures1
However, constitutive expression of class 1 KNOX proteins in transgenic tobacco produces flowers with ectopic outgrowths on the petals, indicating that KNOX proteins alone are, to some degree, capable of inducing structures similar to nectar spurs in a heterologous host. (cam.ac.uk)
Morphology1
In contrast, aspects of floral morphology including sepal size, nectar spur length, and herkogamy showed little or no sequential variation and were relatively insensitive to experimental manipulation of resources. (qubs.ca)
Flowers2
Overcoming such checkpoints enables SAM to transform into floral meristem to produce flowers, and this transformation is induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that generate floral signals. (jabonline.in)
Marker‐gene assays also failed to show that early flowers consistently produced a greater proportion of high‐quality outcrossed progeny. (qubs.ca)
Organ1
Another challenge will be to find out where IDA is produced in the plant and what causes it to accumulate in specific places in preparation for organ shedding. (elifesciences.org)
Signals2
The SAM occurs in two states, the incompetent state, unable to perceive signals of floral induction, and the competent state, capable of interpreting signals and leading to flowering transition. (jabonline.in)
The next step following on from this work is to understand what signals are produced when IDA activates HAESA. (elifesciences.org)
Development3
After a suitable period of development, this growing point is gradually transformed into a floral bud which soon produces a rudimentary seedhead. (johnsonsofpikeville.com)
[1] Gynoecium development and arrangement is important in systematic research and identification of angiosperms , but can be the most challenging of the floral parts to interpret. (wikipedia.org)
Based on public expression data, over 60% of the putative SEP3 targets show differential expression patterns during wild type floral development. (frontiersin.org)
Cells3
Mammalian eggs are somewhat symmetrical and after the first divisions of the fertilized egg, the produced cells are all totipotent. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm cells can swim only a short distance but must reach an egg on another plant - a difficult proposition for fragile cells produced on a tree top. (blogspot.com)
Sperm cells produced on a large gametophyte tree would be left literally "high and dry. (blogspot.com)
Plant5
The physiological analysis and dissection of floral induction were made by introducing an experimental system based on the understanding that an external controllable stimulus can cause flowering when applied to a specific plant. (jabonline.in)
Each plant produces a basal rosette of 1-5 ternate leaves, which is likely the main site of photosynthesis. (qubs.ca)
The spore-producing plant of a moss, its sporophyte, is a small, ephemeral structure that remains attached to the parent plant - just a slender stalk and a single sporangium. (blogspot.com)
It gets as tall as it can without toppling over or placing excessive demands on the gamete-producing plant - a few centimeters at most. (blogspot.com)
But suppose that tiny spore-producing plant of the moss were to sprout its own roots and start growing on its own. (blogspot.com)
Buds1
Lenient grazing is advised until such time as haplocorm buds are capable of producing prompt competitive regrowth. (johnsonsofpikeville.com)
Time1
For the occurrence of floral transition at an opportune time, these regulatory mechanisms integrate varied environmental cues with the endogenous physiological ones. (jabonline.in)
Transition2
For understanding the underlying mechanisms of floral transition, genetic models have been developed based on the physiological studies carried on in the last century and the current molecular studies. (jabonline.in)
After discovering photoperiodic floral induction [ 1 ], many physiological studies have been carried on with the flowering transition. (jabonline.in)