Distinguished from the raceme-type inflorescences of Arabidopsis and panicle-type inflorescences of rice, tomato has a cyme-type inflorescence lacking a main axis, which initiates from a sympodial inflorescencemeristem (SIM). (nature.com)
During Arabidopsis embryo development, cotyledon primordia are generated at transition stage from precursor cells that are not derived from the embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM). (biologists.com)
Among them, class A genes, such as APETALA1 ( AP1 ) in Arabidopsis , specify the outer-most floral organs, the sepals. (biomedcentral.com)
We also found homologs of genes for auxin synthesis and response, such as YUCCA4, in accordance with the fact that the Arabidopsis YUCCA4 expression is restricted to the SAM and flower meristems or young floral primordia, as well so as 20 genes related to auxin responsive genes regulating SAM development. (plcsignaling.com)
These good agreements between our GO enrichment results and known functions in meristem suggested the reliability of the collected samples for SAM and conservation of molecular mechanisms for controlling SAM between Arabidopsis and soybean. (plcsignaling.com)
Apical meristem7
A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem , the elongation zone, and the hair. (wikimili.com)
The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. (wikimili.com)
While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) formed in the embryo only contributes to the main stem, the branched structure observed in many plants relies on axillary meristems (AMs) formed post-embryonically. (researchgate.net)
The epicotyl elongates after embryo growth into the axis (the stem) that bears leaves from its tip, which contain the actively dividing cells of the shoot called apical meristem. (ncertmcq.com)
However, recent studies revealed that boundaries, like those between the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia and those between leaflets, also serve as launching pads for secondary meristem formation and play an important role in determining plant architecture. (mpg.de)
Stage 1 is the formation of a bump at the periphery of the inflorescencemeristem, stage 2 begin at when a border appears between the meristem and the developing flower. (ens-lyon.fr)
Leaf3
STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)
A particular organ (Reproductive or somatic) like root or shoot meristems or leaf primordia or floral buds is isolated and cultured. (cbsetuts.com)
Further cell divisions and growth result in the formation of mass of tissue called a leaf primordium. (ncertmcq.com)
Axillary2
An effective chemical fruit thinning program reduces the number of fruit per tree or per spur, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal axillary meristem on a flowering or fruiting spur will develop reproductive structures. (ashs.org)
Meristems can be formed either during embryogenesis or during the plant's life such as, for instance, axillary meristems. (researchgate.net)
Reproductive4
it consists of (one or more) pistils and is typically surrounded by the pollen -producing reproductive organs , the stamens , collectively called the androecium . (wikipedia.org)
a) Vegetative bud (b) Floral or Reproductive bud. (ncertmcq.com)
GO annotation indicated that the most enriched Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries categories were associated with flower development and regulation, floral transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, or meristematic phase transition and transcription Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries regulation, which is in good agreement with previous reports in soybean. (plcsignaling.com)
which were mainly involved in reproductive processes, such as floral organ determination and development, stamen development, tapetal layer development, pollen development. (plcsignaling.com)
Embryo2
[4] The first root in seed producing plants is the radicle , which expands from the plant embryo after seed germination. (wikimili.com)
Besides the zygotic embryo is produced like lemons and oranges. (cbsetuts.com)
Tissues1
These models give tools to represent meristem or others plant tissues. (ens-lyon.fr)
Genes9
Transcriptome analysis shows that several floral development-related genes are affected by STM3 mutation. (nature.com)
Only a few genes are necessary to confer floral meristem identity. (ens-lyon.fr)
LEAFY ( LFY ) and APETALA 1 ( AP1 ) are genes that ensure that primordia adopt a flower fate [ 2 ]. (ens-lyon.fr)
Floral MADS-box genes are well known for their significant role in flower development [ 8 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
The majority of the gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment responses were for membrane-building and ploidy-related processes, consistent with the excessive floral organs and altered cell size observed in the mutant. (biomedcentral.com)
There were 29 MADS-box genes, as well as a large number of floral-related regulators and hormone-responsive genes, considered as candidates regulating floral patterning of C. goeringii . (biomedcentral.com)
Genes controlling floral organ identity have been identified through the genetic analysis of homeotic mutants, leading to the ABCDE model, in which five classes of regulatory genes (A, B, C, D and E) work in a combinatorial manner to confer the organ identities of the four whorls [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As shown in Figure 4, AM was highly similar to both SAM38D and IBM, pairwise comparison would probably miss Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries many genes active in meristems. (plcsignaling.com)
To identify PEGs in these meristems, we grouped similar meristems together and detected 821 genes. (plcsignaling.com)
LEAFY2
In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
These responses indicate that NAA can trigger floral development within vegetative buds relatively late in the summer and outside of the time period when it is generally believed possible to influence flower bud formation. (ashs.org)
Stem bears vegetative bud for vegetative growth of the plant, and floral buds for reproduction, and ends in a terminal bud. (ncertmcq.com)
Adventitious buds function as propagules which are produced on the stem as tuberous structures. (ncertmcq.com)
Highly branched1
The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. (researchgate.net)
Stamens2
Then one finds six stamens which produce the pollen, and in the fourth whorl, the gynoecium, composed of two carpels which produce ovules. (ens-lyon.fr)
To improve crop quality and yield, breeders need to control the fertility of stamens, the male organs that produce pollen within sacs called anthers. (mpg.de)
Ovules2
gynoecia ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds . (wikipedia.org)
the carpel margin meristem (arising from the carpel primordium ) produces the ovules , ovary septum, and the transmitting track, and plays a role in fusing the apical margins of carpels. (wikipedia.org)
Morphogenesis1
These data could also be used as an important resource for investigating the genetics of floral morphogenesis and various biological mechanisms of orchid plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Apex2
Wenatchee, WA) at ≈14-day intervals beginning 50 days after bloom indicated that the time of floral transition (doming of the meristem apex) occurred during the period from 65 to 105 days after bloom at each location. (ashs.org)
The placentas and/or ovule(s) may be born on the gynoecial appendages or less frequently on the floral apex. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation2
While the regulation of the stem cell population in an established meristem is well described, how it is initiated in newly formed meristems is less well underst. (researchgate.net)
However, functional genomic studies and the gene discovery associated with floral pattern regulation remains greatly limited in C. goeringii [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Flower1
The gynoecium is often referred to as the " female " portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells ), the gynoecium produces megaspores , each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. (wikipedia.org)
Axis1
Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
Development4
Its development is well described and is divided into several 'developmental stages', from floral to seed dispersal [ 1 ]. (ens-lyon.fr)
Both male and female flowers of T. fortunei originate as bisexual flowers, and selective abortion occurs during floral development. (beds.ac.uk)
[1] Gynoecium development and arrangement is important in systematic research and identification of angiosperms , but can be the most challenging of the floral parts to interpret. (wikipedia.org)
However, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of floral patterning and multi-tepal development is limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Determination1
Thus, NAA applications in a summer program for return bloom coincided with the period when floral determination normally occurred. (ashs.org)
Mutant1
Integrated mRNA and miRNA profiling data provided comprehensive gene expression information on the wild-type and multi-tepal mutant at the transcriptional level that could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of floral patterning of C. goeringii . (biomedcentral.com)
Seeds1
Recent research has demonstrated that sexual reproduction can be avoided to produce clonal seeds maintaining the hybrid state. (mpg.de)