• Zika virus is a kind of flavivirus, and other flavivirus family members include dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever virus. (news-medical.net)
  • There is a concern that antibodies generated in response to a Zika virus vaccine could trigger ADE if someone were to be later infected with dengue or other flaviviruses. (news-medical.net)
  • To study the antibody response to Zika and another flavivirus, Esswein and Bjorkman looked at several antibodies from the blood of patients from Mexico and Brazil. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers studied how those antibodies changed over time as they mature and become better able to stick to the Zika virus, and also how the antibodies cross-react with other flaviviruses, including the four types of dengue viruses. (news-medical.net)
  • They also determined structures showing how two antibodies recognize Zika and West Nile envelope domain III. (news-medical.net)
  • 2020) Structural basis for Zika envelope domain III recognition by a germline version of a recurrent neutralizing antibody. (news-medical.net)
  • Zika is a Flavivirus, and that means it's an RNA virus. (epivax.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. (unl.edu)
  • Zika belongs to a family of viruses called flaviviruses, which includes dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitic viruses. (purdue.edu)
  • The structure differs from the mature Zika virus in that the membrane protein in the mature virus is covered by the envelope protein. (purdue.edu)
  • Findings also show differences between the immature Zika virus and immature versions of other flaviviruses. (purdue.edu)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in the Pacific islands in 2007 and spread to the Americas in 2015. (bvsalud.org)
  • IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito bites that have spread to the Pacific Islands and the Americas over the past decade. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Spondweni virus (SPONV), a possible emerging virus, is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family, of the genus Flavivirus and belongs to a serogroup with the Zika virus. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The latest outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) in flavivirus-endemic areas spotlight the necessity for delicate and particular serological exams. (elisareagents.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne enveloped RNA virus, is a member of the genus of Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family. (datexis.com)
  • While the aptamers were selected for detection of Zika and Chikungunya envelope proteins in mosquito saliva as part of a joint effort with the University of Central Florida and the Gates Foundation to enhance tracking and surveillance of infected mosquitos, detection was demonstrated in serum and defibrinated blood. (basepairbio.com)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is related to dengue virus and transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with humans acting as the principal amplifying host during outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • FFPE tissues were tested by Zika virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nonstructural protein 5 and envelope genes using general methods for RT-PCR ( 4 ), and by immunohistochemistry using a mouse polyclonal anti-Zika virus antibody, using methods previously described ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue Virus (DENV) belongs to the genus flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family. (lww.com)
  • Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family. (who.int)
  • West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family. (izs.it)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Availability http://carnot.utmb.edu/flavitrack Get in touch with ude.bmtu@niehcshc Supplementary details http://carnot.utmb.edu/flavitrack/B1S1.html 1 Launch Flaviviruses (FV) (+)-strand RNA infections in the same genus seeing that hepaci- and pestiviruses are in charge of many emerging individual encephalitic and hemorrhagic illnesses (Barrett and Higgs 2007 The ~10.5 kb genome encodes an individual polyprotein that's cleaved into 10 viral proteins (Fig. 1). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Members from the genus come with an 11-kb, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome which translates and encodes capsid (C), premembrane/membrane SCKL1 (prM/M), and envelope (E) structural protein and seven non-structural protein. (techuniq.com)
  • The Flavivirus genus is composed of more than 70 arthropod-transmitted viruses, of which 30 are known to cause human disease. (medscape.com)
  • Structure of a flavivirus envelope glycoprotein in its low-pH-induced membrane fusion conformation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We immunized mice with either an intact or deleted TLR3 system (TLR3KO) with WNV envelope glycoprotein (gE) protein, NS1, or a combination of gE and NS1. (uzh.ch)
  • The E glycoprotein is the most immunologically important protein. (izs.it)
  • Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The genome of the virus is housed inside a protective envelope that includes a lipid membrane, an envelope protein, a precursor membrane protein and a capsid protein. (purdue.edu)
  • The Purdue researchers are the first to learn the position of the capsid protein in the immature virus, which plays the critical role of recognizing the virus's genetic material and acts as a chaperone to guide these RNA strands into the virus for assembly. (purdue.edu)
  • A map of the immature virus's structure revealed details about the proteins, showing that the envelope and precursor membrane proteins are arranged in 60 spike-like features on the virus's surface, whereas the capsid protein is located on the internal side of the lipid membrane. (purdue.edu)
  • Notably, it contains a "partially ordered capsid protein shell" that is less prominent in other immature flaviviruses. (purdue.edu)
  • Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE and KUN viruses serve as targets for a blocking ELISA to detect virus-specific antibodies in sentinel animal serum. (cdc.gov)
  • The flavivirus membrane fusion machinery, like that of many other enveloped viruses, is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rupress.org)
  • It has been hypothesized that conserved histidines in the class II fusion protein E of these viruses function as molecular switches and, by their protonation, control the fusion process. (rupress.org)
  • The mutant viruses replicated poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicated well following intracranial inoculation, suggesting that the N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion. (unl.edu)
  • Enveloped viruses have, in their lipid bilayer, an impermeable barrier between their genomes and the outside environment, reducing the need for continuity of any protein layer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Because aptamers are highly selective, quickly and easily selected against specific strains of viruses and viral proteins, and very temperature-stable, they are ideal candidates for the development of new diagnostic tests and potential therapeutics for tropical diseases. (basepairbio.com)
  • Disease Mechanisms of Toga viruses and Flavivirus Viruses are cytolytic, except for rubella. (slideshare.net)
  • The large number of clinical cases in 2001 selective pressure on the envelope (E) protein gene of may have been due, in part, to a preponderance of infec- some dengue viruses is evident (19), the most extensive tions with dengue 1 viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • They are all RNA viruses that have a lipid envelope, rendering them relatively susceptible to detergents and a low-pH environment, as well as household bleach. (medscape.com)
  • Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Domain III (DIII) of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) protein E contains epitopes, which induce antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus. (usf.edu)
  • Mutations in the epitopes of antigenic proteins can confer viral resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization. (utmb.edu)
  • Flavitrack will ultimately also contain buildings or 3D versions for any flavivirus proteins enabling combined series/structure evaluation to characterize common B- and T-cell epitopes account for Prp2 the functional effects of mutations and determine highly conserved areas. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The change of cells tradition cells with plasmid DNA can be consequently beneficial for antigen creation, since these cells secrete viral prM and E proteins in VLPs having proper conformation and presentation of epitopes similar to those of virion particles. (techuniq.com)
  • Analyses of full-length genomes of over 300 ZIKV isolates revealed that one sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. (unl.edu)
  • Here, I interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • Our results suggest that glycosylation of both E and NS1 proteins plays an important role in virus pathogenicity, and m5MR virus could be developed as a live attenuated viral vaccine for ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • Claudins are tight-junction proteins that favor the entry of several flaviviruses, including ZIKV. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using HSP70 in the content of the chimeric protein represents an efficient means for presenting the main antigenic domain of the TBEV envelope protein to the immune system, whereas the incorporation of this chimeric protein into the TI-complex further contributes to the development of a stronger immune response against the TBEV infection. (usf.edu)
  • Louping ill virus (LIV) is a member of the Russian springsummer encephalitis (RSSE) antigenic complex of flaviviruses, also referred to as the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex. (anipedia.org)
  • Expression of cloned envelope protein genes from the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells and random mutagenesis by PCR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Oligomeric rearrangement of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins induced by an acidic pH. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Synthesis and secretion of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus protein E in soluble and particulate form. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The envelope protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus influences neuron entry, pathogenicity, and vaccine protection. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus which causes encephalitis especially in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. (uzh.ch)
  • Motivation Properly annotated series data for flaviviruses which trigger diseases such as for example tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) dengue fever (DF) Western world Nile PHA-739358 (WN) and yellow fever (YF) can certainly help in the look of antiviral medications and vaccines to avoid their pass on. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination. (utmb.edu)
  • The envelope protein is essential for the virus's binding, attachment and fusion to host cells during the infection process. (purdue.edu)
  • Here, in order to discover those membrane proteins that may be involved in JEV attachment to or entry into virus permissive BHK-21 cells, a chemically mutated cell line (designated 3A10-3F) that became less susceptible to JEV infection was preliminarily established and selected by repeated low moi JEV challenges and RT-PCR detection for viral RNA E gene fragment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first step of virus infection requires the interaction between virus attachment proteins (VAPs) and cellular receptors, which is known to contribute to host range, tissue tropism and viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aptamers prevented translation of viral proteins involved in infection. (basepairbio.com)
  • Non- neutralizing antibody can enhance flavivirus infection via Fc receptors on the macrophage. (slideshare.net)
  • During organic flavivirus infection, non-infectious virus-like contaminants (VLPs) are stated in addition to infectious, mature virions (25). (techuniq.com)
  • Electron microscopic analysis revealed that CL1.1 altered the ultrastructure of the viral particles likely by binding the virus lipid envelope. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, our data suggested that claudin-derived peptides inhibition may be linked to simultaneous interaction with the E protein and the viral lipid envelope. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data suggested that the inhibition was likely achieved by simultaneously interacting with the viral lipid envelope and the E protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • All share the feature of having a lipid envelope. (medscape.com)
  • Since the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is also glycosylated and known to play a role in transmission and pathogenicity, I mutated the glycosylation sites in NS1 (N130 and N207) individually or in combination in the background of m2MR virus. (unl.edu)
  • Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) offers another vaccine goal that avoids this threat since this protein is absent from the virion. (glycodigest.org)
  • The recently developed immunoassays that use purified recombinant envelope and nonstructural protein 5 of WNV as antigens are also reviewed. (utmb.edu)
  • This antibody was raised against Dengue virus 2 Envelope protein, which may cross react with Envelope protein of Dengue virus 3 but does not recignize with Envelope protein of JEV. (genetex.com)
  • Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody detects Dengue virus Envelope protein protein at cytoplasm by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
  • Green: Dengue virus Envelope protein stained by Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody (GTX127277) diluted at 1:1000. (genetex.com)
  • Non-infected (-) and infected (+) BHK-21 whole cell extracts (5 μg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody (GTX127277) diluted at 1:25000. (genetex.com)
  • Infectious diseases caused by flaviviruses are major concerns in the public health community, particularly those that are resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization. (utmb.edu)
  • This correlation suggests that mutations that allow viral growth, while reducing neutralization, do not generate significant structural changes and underscores the importance of protein fluctuations and long-range interactions in the mechanism of antibody-mediated neutralization resistance. (utmb.edu)
  • serological testing such as Non-structural Protein 1 (NS 1) ELISA, DENV specific IgM antibody captures ELISA are used. (lww.com)
  • Envelope protein-targeted vaccines for flaviviruses are restricted by considerations of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infections. (inacj.com)
  • The E protein is presumed to carry recognition sites for the attachment of virus to receptors on susceptible cells and is responsible both for the haemagglutinating property exhibited by most flaviviruses and for stimulating the production of antibody demonstrated in haemagglutination-inhibition tests and protective immune responses in the host. (anipedia.org)
  • Using sequence analysis, we identified the envelope (E) protein of 93/783 as a potential virulence determinant and cloned it into the less pathogenic TBEV strain Torö. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • However, there is little detectable association between the sequence of the envelope protein and the virulence characteristics, implying that the LIV virulence is multigenic and other genomic regions must be investigated to understand the determinants of virulence. (anipedia.org)
  • Recombinant Fusion Protein Joining E Protein Domain III of Tick-Borne " by Vasily Golotin, Nina M. Sanina et al. (usf.edu)
  • The viral envelope protein serves as both a receptor-binding and a fusion protein. (utmb.edu)
  • In this study, we use lipoplexes containing purified reovirus p14 fusion protein as a model of exogenous fusion and a cell line expressing p14 protein as a model of endogenous fusion, which is illustrated here. (mdpi.com)
  • The mature flavivirus particle comprises a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing the membrane (M) (derived from the precursor prM) and envelope (E) proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The core of the virus is the nucleocapsid, a structure that is made of the viral genome along with C proteins. (medchemexpress.com)
  • The nucleocapsid is surrounded by a membrane called the viral envelope, a lipid bilayer that is taken from the host. (medchemexpress.com)
  • There are three structural proteins: a 13-16 × 10 3 MW nucleocapsid or core protein (C) that is intimately bound to the genome, a non-glycosylated 7-9 × 103MWmembrane protein (M) bound to the core, and a 51-59 × 10 3 MW envelope protein (E) that is usually glycosylated and is inserted as spikes or projections into the lipid bilayer envelope derived from host cell membranes. (anipedia.org)
  • To protect it with a gap-free protein shell, 30 Å thick, would require roughly 25,000 amino acid residues-far more than the viral nucleic acid can encode. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays utilizing virus-like particles containing mutations of conserved residues on envelope protein can distinguish three flavivirus infections. (elisareagents.com)
  • This work was made possible by more than one decade of studies on related mosquito borne flaviviruses, including dengue virus, using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although only the mature forms of flaviviruses are considered infectious, the virus population secreted from host cells is a mixture of mature, partially mature and immature virus particles. (purdue.edu)
  • 2 FEATURES The major features of Flavitrack are sequence retrieval BLAST assessment of a given RNA or protein sequence to the people in the database and PHA-739358 sequence alignment of user selected sequences. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Barker WC, Mazumder R, Vasudevan S, Sagripanti JL, Wu CH. Sequence signatures in envelope protein may determine whether flaviviruses produce hemorrhagic or encephalitic syndromes. (jefferson.edu)
  • After the success with the first cold virus, work was done on alphaviruses and flaviviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The noted discrepancy of membrane proteins included calcium binding proteins (annexin A1, annexin A2), and voltage-dependent anion channels proteins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2), suggesting that these molecules may affect JEV attachment to and/or entry into BHK-21 cells and worthy of further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin NS5 gene reveals an essential role for translation of its N-terminal half in RNA replication. (cdc.gov)
  • The shell of a nonenveloped virus with even a very small genome must therefore contain a large number of identical protein subunits-at least 60, if the coat-protein gene is to use up less than 25% of the coding capacity in the enclosed nucleic acid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The chromosomal region containing the RANBP2 gene is highly dynamic, with high structural variation and recombination events that led to the appearance of a gene family called RANBP2 and GCC2 Protein Domains (RGPD), with multiple gene loss/duplication events during ape evolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2013, a 388 base pair fragment of the envelope (E) gene was obtained from a hospitalized patient. (who.int)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of either the entire envelope gene of LIV or a portion of the gene that spans a hypervariable region of LIV isolates, collected from representative regions of the British Isles and Norway, revealed the presence of three major geographical populations of LIV in the British Isles. (anipedia.org)
  • Plasmid DNA including a eukaryotic transcriptional device comprising the human being cytomegalovirus instant early gene promoter, Kozak consensus ribosomal binding series, the signal series produced from the carboxy terminus from the C proteins of JEV, as well as the E and prM/M gene regions is enough for production of VLPs. (techuniq.com)
  • When you make the full native envelope protein as the basis for a vaccine, it will induce antibodies against DI, DII and the DIII domains of the protein. (naturalnews.com)
  • This is especially important for flaviviruses, because antibodies that protect against one flavivirus may also stick to, but not protect against other flavivirus, increasing the risk of ADE. (news-medical.net)
  • To find antibodies that recognize flaviviruses, they used a piece of the outside of the virus, called the envelope domain III protein. (news-medical.net)
  • The weak cross-reactivity of these antibodies doesn't seem to defend against those flaviviruses, but also doesn't induce ADE,' Esswein said, suggesting envelope domain III may be useful to make a vaccine that is safe. (news-medical.net)
  • Mice immunization showed that the chimeric protein induced twice the number of anti-EIII antibodies in comparison with EIII alone. (usf.edu)
  • Accompanying the change in the relative proportions of with flavivirus-, dengue-, or serotype-specific monoclonal dengue virus serotypes recovered from patients in the antibodies (23,24). (cdc.gov)
  • All flaviviruses have the envelope protein on the outside part of the virus. (naturalnews.com)
  • In this study, the role of the His residue at position 39 in the M protein (M39) of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in the virus life cycle was investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The membrane protein cleaves from the mature virus as it is released from the host to infect other cells. (purdue.edu)
  • Both proteins exist on the surface of the immature version of the virus. (purdue.edu)
  • Rossmann and Kuhn have studied flaviviruses for about 15 years and were the first to map the structure of any flavivirus, starting with the dengue virus in 2002 and West Nile in 2003. (purdue.edu)
  • Much earlier, a report stated that a 74 kDa protein on Vero cells was found to be capable of binding JEV and might be involved in virus uptake process [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus comprises lipopolysaccharide envelope and single stranded positive sense RNA. (lww.com)
  • In 2015, researchers in Taiwan developed DNA aptamers to the dengue virus by selecting against domain III of the flavivirus envelope protein (ED3). (basepairbio.com)
  • These proteins form a protective outer layer that controls the entry of the virus into human cells. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Nous avons déterminé la fréquence des différents sérotypes du virus de la dengue pour mettre en évidence son hyperendémicité à Rawalpindi (Pakistan). (who.int)
  • Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
  • The translated polyprotein consists of three structural [capsid (C), membrane (M) and envelope (E)] and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To enhance the immunogenicity of this protein, which has a low molecular weight, the aim of the present work was to express, isolate, and characterize a chimeric protein based on the fusion of the bacterial chaperone HSP70 of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and EIII (DIII + stem) as a prospective antigen for an adjuvanted delivery system, the tubular immunostimulating complex (TI-complex). (usf.edu)
  • We used an ensemble-based algorithm to characterize the effects of mutations on the thermodynamics of protein conformational fluctuations. (utmb.edu)
  • Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
  • RAF kinases are a family of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related to retroviral oncogenes. (rafsignaling.com)
  • ELISA, differential scanning calorimetry, intrinsic fluorescence, and computational analysis were applied for the characterization of the immunogenicity and conformation of the chimeric protein. (usf.edu)
  • Previous studies have suggested the protective role of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway against WNV entry into the brain, while the WNV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) interferes with the TLR3 signaling pathway, besides being a component of viral genome replication machinery. (uzh.ch)
  • The database includes all publicly obtainable full-genome flavivirus sequences and access to series analysis equipment. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Fig. 2 Primary components evaluation (PCA) of main flavivirus research sequences with differing identification to DV1 (Supplementary materials Desk S1) using the amount of pairwise BLOSUM ratings for eigenvector decomposition separates them relating to vector. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • He also discovered the Rossmann fold protein motif. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flavivirus particles measure 37 to 50 nm in diameter and consist of a spherical ribonucleoprotein core surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope. (anipedia.org)
  • A recent paper also indicated that several proteins on the surface of C6/36 cells with masses ranging from 35-80 kDa and 150-200 kDa may bind to JEV, but failed to identify specific proteins by mass spectroscopic fingerprint analysis [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)