• Flavivirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, as well as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) such as cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), Palm Creek virus (PCV), and Parramatta River virus (PaRV). (wikipedia.org)
  • The known non-arboviruses of the flavivirus family reproduce in either arthropods or vertebrates, but not both, with one odd member of the genus affecting a nematode. (wikipedia.org)
  • The embryos virus (DTMUV), a member of the Ntaya virus group in died within 3-5 days after inoculation, with severe cu- the genus Flavivirus ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The flavivirus genus includes several mosquito-transmitted viruses, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Flaviviruses comprise a genus of viruses that pose a significant burden on human health worldwide. (escholarship.org)
  • Among RNA viruses, the flavivirus genus (e.g. (currentmedicinalchemistry.com)
  • We isolated some apparently new flavivirus from duck incubated in 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos and duck embryos, and found that the isolates belonged to the genus flavivirus based on sequence analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus had lower nucleotide homology with other genus of flavivirus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DENV are members of the genus Flavivirus , within the family Flaviviridae . (cdc.gov)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • The Flavivirus genus is composed of more than 70 arthropod-transmitted viruses, of which 30 are known to cause human disease. (medscape.com)
  • The family Flaviviridae includes important genera such as flavivirus and hepacivirus which comprise significant human pathogens that affect hundreds of millions annually. (purdue.edu)
  • What are Zika and flaviviruses? (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Here in the One Virology team, we're exploring several different strategies for improving specificity of serological assays to flaviviruses like WNV and Zika. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV) translate their genome as a single multi-pass transmembrane (TM) protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. (biorxiv.org)
  • Peptide microarray with a comprehensive collection of overlapping, non-redundant 15-meric peptides from antigenic proteins of Flaviviruses (ZIKA virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus) and Chikungunya virus. (jpt.com)
  • Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses) holds a relevant place within zoonotic pathogens and thus flavivirus infections are considered a growing risk for the public health. (currentmedicinalchemistry.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus closely related to West Nile, dengue, Spondweni, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever viruses, remained in obscurity since its discovery in 1947, but has recently emerged to cause a series of epidemics in the South Pacific, and most recently reaching nearly pandemic levels with its introduction in the Americas. (utmb.edu)
  • Vasilakis, N & Weaver, SC 2017, ' Flavivirus transmission focusing on Zika ', Current Opinion in Virology , vol. 22, pp. 30-35. (utmb.edu)
  • Most clinically significant flaviviruses are mosquito -borne, such as the four serotypes of dengue virus , Zika virus , West Nile virus , Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus . (bvsalud.org)
  • Flaviviruses such as Zika virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus cause widespread illness and death throughout the world. (nih.gov)
  • The emergence of Zika virus, another mosquito-borne flavivirus, has illustrated additional potential routes of non-vector transmission in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We highlight some reports on dengue virus that have documented non-vector transmission and that are relevant to the transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Until the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the Americas led to the recognition of non-mosquito-borne transmission, most reports on flavivirus transmission via non-vector routes have been on DENV, with rare reports on other flaviviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • En Paraguay los virus dengue, fiebre amarilla y Zika fueron detectados en infecciones humanas, pero los estudios de flavivirus en mosquitos son aún escasos. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Paraguay, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses were detected in human infections, but studies of flaviviruses in mosquitoes are still scarce. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zika virus is a flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. (medscape.com)
  • The means by which flaviviruses establish persistent infection in their competent vectors and cause disease in humans depends upon several virus-host interactions, including the intricate interplay between flavivirus-encoded immune antagonists and the host antiviral innate immune effector molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • A reported 40 percent of the world's population is at risk for dengue infection, with a rising number of home-grown cases occurring in the U.S. Dengue infection is caused by any of four related flaviviruses. (uvm.edu)
  • This article reviews the research progress of apoptosis mechanism during flaviviruses infection, including flaviviruses proteins and subgenomic flaviviral RNA to regulate apoptosis by interacting with host proteins, as well as various signaling pathways involved in flaviviruses-induced apoptosis, which provides a scientific basis for understanding the pathogenesis of flaviviruses and helps in developing an effective antiviral therapy. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Several genetic knockout (KO) screens identified the ER membrane protein complex (EMC) as a critical host component for flavivirus infection. (biorxiv.org)
  • Decades of research suggest a paradoxical role of the immune response against flaviviruses: although the immune response is crucial for the control, clearance and prevention of infection, poor clinical outcomes are commonly associated with virus-specific immunity and immunopathogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lately, the global incidence of flavivirus infection has been increasing dramatically and presents formidable challenges for public health systems around the world. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we address the current knowledge of prominent host factors required for the flavivirus life-cycle and mechanisms by which they promote infection. (utmb.edu)
  • We utilized a system to package TBEV replicons into virus particles to allow the infection of different cell types to study different aspects of the flavivirus biology including RNA recombination and packaging. (univie.ac.at)
  • Taken together these results demonstrate the usefulness of SCFVs like RepliVAX WN as vaccines to prevent flavivirus disease, and tools with which to examine immune responses to viral infection. (tdl.org)
  • Phylogenetic relatedness and cocirculation of several major human pathogen flaviviruses are recognized as a possible cause of deleterious immune responses to mixed infection or immunization and call for a greater understanding of the inter-Flavivirus protein homologies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The multitude of WNV sequences shared with other flaviviruses as interspecies variants highlights the possible hazard of defective T-cell activation by altered peptide ligands in the event of dual exposure to WNV and other flaviviruses, by either infection or immunization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tick-borne flavivirus infection occurring in the Kyasanur Forest in India. (bvsalud.org)
  • The flavivirus membrane fusion machinery, like that of many other enveloped viruses, is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rupress.org)
  • Among these viruses was a highly divergent segmented flavivirus whose genetic relatives were recently identified in ticks, mosquitoes, and vertebrates, including febrile humans. (psu.edu)
  • Flaviviruses are among the most diverse viruses with over 85 species recognized. (utmb.edu)
  • The RT-LAMP assay is very simple and rapid, and the amplification can be completed within 50 min under isothermal conditions at 63°C by a set of 6 primers targeting the E gene based on the sequences analysis of the newly isolated viruses and other closely related Flavivirus.The monitoring of gene amplification can also be visualized by using SYBR green I fluorescent dye. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome . (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two RNA viruses that contain a positive-stranded RNA genome. (pediaa.com)
  • In contrast, Flavivirus refers to any group of RNA viruses, mostly having arthropod vectors, which cause several serious human diseases. (pediaa.com)
  • In brief, Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two genera of viruses that contain positive-sense RNA genomes. (pediaa.com)
  • St.Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Powassan, tick-borne encephalitis viruses, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus are examples of the Flavivirus . (pediaa.com)
  • Flaviviruses are viruses transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sequencing of 19/91 pools positive for flavivirus was carried out, identifying flavivirus in all cases of insects (mainly detecting Culex Flavivirus, cell fusing agents Flavivirus and Kamiti river virus), evidencing the high distribution of these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although some dengue infections are asymptomatic, severe infections of this flavivirus can cause hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome and have a higher risk of complications and death. (uvm.edu)
  • Flavivirus infections are emerging as significant threats to human health around the globe. (asu.edu)
  • Campos, RK , Garcia-Blanco, MA & Bradrick, SS 2018, Roles of pro-viral host factors in mosquito-borne flavivirus infections . (utmb.edu)
  • appealing, provided the preponderance of related flavivirus attacks (such as for example dengue and Western world Nile infections) in areas where ZIKV continues to be most widespread. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The non-structural protein 3 (NS3) of flaviviruses is the second most conserved amongst the viral proteins. (caister.com)
  • Thus, dissecting the physical interactions between viral proteins and their host protein targets is essential in our comprehension of how flaviviruses replicate and how they alter host cell behavior. (escholarship.org)
  • Here, we review protein interactions between flavivirus and host proteins that contribute to virus replication, immune evasion, and disease. (escholarship.org)
  • The main difference between Alphavirus (Togavirus) and Flavivirus is that Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, whereas Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, while Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • CDC's new flavivirus VLPs have structural proteins as the basis to form the viral particles. (nih.gov)
  • The genome of the flavivirus TBEV consists of a single, positive-strand RNA molecule which encodes three structural and seven non-structural proteins. (univie.ac.at)
  • Flavivirus genomes defective in the production of infectious virus particles are constructed by deletion of one or more structural proteins and are characterized as replicons. (univie.ac.at)
  • Typically, flaviviruses get transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and ticks. (nih.gov)
  • Yellow fever virus, a flavivirus, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. (news-medical.net)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus transmitted via the bite of the female Aedes mosquitoes, usually Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of the present study was the implementation of a flavivirus detection system in mosquitoes at IICS-UNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is a member of the flavivirus family (group B arbovirus). (medscape.com)
  • For example, examining flaviviruses closely related to ZIKV, the phylogenetic framework indicates New World monkeys are the most likely candidates to be potential reservoirs for ZIKV. (springer.com)
  • We illustrate that process by presenting a Flavivirus phylogeny case study for ZIKV and its taxonomic relatives, asking within this framework, which animals might serve as reservoirs for ZIKV. (springer.com)
  • This review summarizes the current advancement, safety , efficacy , advantages and disadvantages of vaccines against mosquito -borne flaviviruses posing significant threats to human health . (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers introduced an optimized plasmid to form the virus-like particles (VLPs) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) into the cells and selected stably expressing cell populations for use to produce diagnostic antigens or immunogens for human and animal flavivirus vaccines. (nih.gov)
  • The data suggest the possible preferred use of sequences that are pathogen specific with minimum interspecies sequence homology for the design of Flavivirus vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Flaviviruses, the human pathogens responsible for dengue fever, West Nile fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever, are endemic in tropical and temperate parts of the world. (nih.gov)
  • Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that cause a diverse range of clinical conditions, including severe hemorrhagic syndromes, neurological complications and congenital malformations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Investigations into flavivirus-host interactions has led to new discoveries in viral and cell biology, and will potentially bolster strategies to control the important diseases caused by these pathogens. (utmb.edu)
  • Notably, only 51 were WNV specific, and the remaining 86, chiefly of E, NS3, and NS5, shared an identity of nine or more consecutive amino acids with sequences of 64 other flaviviruses, including several major human pathogens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The objective of this study is to develop a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of the new virus related to Tembusu-related Flavivirus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the RT-LAMP assay for newly isolated Tembusu-related Flavivirus showed higher sensitivity with an RNA detection-limit of 2 copies/μL compared with 190 copies/μL of the conventional RT-PCR method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RT-LAMP assay for newly isolated Tembusu-related Flavivirus is a valuable tool for the rapid and real-time detection not only in well-equipped laboratories but also in general conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flaviviruses such as Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus utilize various strategies to activate or inhibit cell apoptosis. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Defining the Role of Alpha-Macroglobulins in the Pathogenesis of Flavivirus Encephalitis. (hawaii.edu)
  • Overall, the data from this study demonstrates the significant impact that alpha-macroglobulins have in the pathogenesis of flavivirus-associated encephalitis in mice. (hawaii.edu)
  • Flavivirus is also a disease-causing virus that causes encephalitis. (pediaa.com)
  • Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. (slu.se)
  • A recent study in another flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, in pigs has also demonstrated non-vector transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Readers can be inspired by the contents of this review to design and synthesize more effective anti-flavivirus agents as well as to select viral or host targets to achieve an antiviral activity as broadly as possible. (currentmedicinalchemistry.com)
  • Flaviviruses share several common aspects: common size (40-65 nm), symmetry (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid), nucleic acid (positive-sense, single-stranded RNA around 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance under the electron microscope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flaviviruses have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes which are non-segmented and around 10-11 kbp in length. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies to the pr-E protein of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity. (slu.se)
  • To address these needs we have developed RepliVAX WN, a single-cycle flavivirus (SCFV)-based vaccine to prevent West Nile disease. (tdl.org)
  • West Nile virus T-cell ligand sequences shared with other flaviviruses: a multitude of variant sequences as potential altered peptide ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study focused on the identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted West Nile virus (WNV) T-cell ligands and characterization of their distribution in reported sequence data of WNV and other flaviviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It's incredibly challenging to accurately diagnose flaviviruses by detecting antibodies against them because there's such a high degree of cross-reactivity between them that it's difficult to distinguish between them. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Let's Get Physical: Flavivirus-Host Protein-Protein Interactions in Replication and Pathogenesis. (escholarship.org)
  • CMPK2 identified as a potential pan-flavivirus inhibitor, restricting virus replication and providing a basis for developing new antiviral treatments. (news-medical.net)
  • While dual-host flaviviruses can infect vertebrates as well as arthropods, insect-specific flaviviruses are restricted to their competent arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Review examines the dual role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses, particularly emphasizing the most recent findings regarding cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses, and the effects that these concepts have on vaccine-development endeavors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CDC has identified and characterized distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes (specific pieces of the antigen to which an antibody binds) that can improve serodiagnosis and vaccination against flaviviruses. (nih.gov)
  • The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) functions in genome replication as an intracellular dimer and in immune system evasion as a secreted hexamer. (nih.gov)
  • Flaviviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmission by both mosquito and tick vectors, and broad host tropism contribute to the presence of flaviviruses globally. (escholarship.org)
  • Mosquito control by using larvicides or electric traps could lower seropositivity, but other measures did not contribute to significant risk mitigation of flavivirus exposure in dogs. (slu.se)
  • These results will support better control of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi, and they indicate that dogs can be used as sentinels for flavivirus exposure. (slu.se)
  • Recent Advancements in Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Vaccine Development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, our study demonstrates great strives to develop efficacious therapeutics and potent vaccine candidates against Flaviviruses in plant expression systems. (asu.edu)
  • In recent years, flavivirus vaccine research has made major breakthroughs with several vaccine candidates showing encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cellular ribosome is crucial to the replication of the flavivirus, as it translates the RNA, in a similar fashion to cellular mRNA, resulting in the synthesis of a single polyprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This array was produced carefully selecting peptides with our ULTRA approach to represent the sequence diversity of Flaviviruses. (jpt.com)
  • In comparison, Flavivirus contains structural genes at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Flaviviruses are enveloped and spherical and have icosahedral geometries with a pseudo T=3 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the spherical virion of the Flavivirus is 40-50 nm in size. (pediaa.com)
  • Although most of the flaviviruses are exotic to the UK, louping ill virus is a tick-transmitted flavivirus found in the UK. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • In this review, we describe the most promising compounds having both sulfur and oxygen in their structures characterized by a broad-spectrum activity against different flaviviruses. (currentmedicinalchemistry.com)
  • As a consequence, the drug discovery process aimed at identify new anti- flavivirus agents is of great relevance and will help to find effective therapies not available yet. (currentmedicinalchemistry.com)
  • Flavivirus virions undergo major conformational rearrangements during the life cycle, including the assembly and maturation steps. (purdue.edu)
  • 50% in the analyzed sequences of one or more of six major flaviviruses. (ox.ac.uk)