• Plants produce both leaf and flower primordia cells at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). (wikipedia.org)
  • Primordia are initiated by local cell division and enlargement on the shoot apical meristem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leaf primordia form at the flanks of the stem cell population in the shoot apical meristem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation subsequently occurs in leaf primordia basipetally, resulting in a gradient of easily distinguishable cellular morphologies of distal differentiated cells towards the tip of the leaf, basal progenitor proliferating cells adjacent to the shoot apical meristem, and all possible intermediate stages in between. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To gain insight into the processes controlling leaf development, we characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, varicose ( vcs ), with leaf and shoot apical meristem defects. (biologists.com)
  • Leaf primordia arise as radial pegs on the flank of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), and become flattened early in development, indicating acquisition of abaxial/adaxial polarity. (biologists.com)
  • Leaves are lateral determinate structures formed in a predictable sequence (phyllotaxy) on the flanks of an indeterminate shoot apical meristem. (cfsscloud.hk)
  • Though primordia are typically only found in new flower and leaf growth, root primordia in plants can also be found, but are typically referred to as lateral root primordium or adventitious roots. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process of lateral root primordium initiation has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, though the process in other angiosperms is still under analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before the emergence of lateral roots in the morphogenetic process, a new lateral root primordium which consists of primordial cells is formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Localized cell divisions in the Pericycle give rise to the lateral root primordia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The root primordium emerges as a new lateral rootlet by creating its own root cap and apex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PUCHI gene (specifically an Auxin regulated AP2/EREBP gene), plays a vital role in coordinating the organization/pattern of cell division during lateral root primordium (LRP) development, in Arabidopsis thaliana. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flanking the CZ is the peripheral zone (PZ) where cells are recruited for the initiation of new lateral primordia. (nature.com)
  • The ABC produces four structures (proximal to distal, relative to the subtending leaf) as the result of two successive subdivisions: an inflorescence of staminate flowers, a solitary pistillate flower, a lateral bud, and a tendril. (wiley.com)
  • Because there is no subtending leaf during these subdivisions and the first lateral appendages in the resulting primordia arise in the same plane, we conclude that the tendril and other organs formed by the ABC are lateral branches of equal morphological value. (wiley.com)
  • Although it is a frequently used term in plant biology, the word is used in describing the biology of all multicellular organisms (for example: a tooth primordium in animals, a leaf primordium in plants or a sporophore primordium in fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leaf primordia are groups of cells that will form into new leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • At least in wheat plants, leaf primordium initiation rates increase with increasing ambient temperature, and the leaf number of some varieties decrease with increasing daylength. (wikipedia.org)
  • low temperature growth largely suppressed defects, whereas high growth temperatures resulted in severe leaf and meristem defects. (biologists.com)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • The first separates the tendril primordium from the continuation of the ABC, and the second separates the staminate inflorescence and the ABC. (wiley.com)
  • The process of primordium development is intricately regulated by a set of genes that affect the positioning, growth and differentiation of the primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stem cells reside at the growing tip of meristems, where they differentiate to produce new organs throughout the life of plant and maintain a constant reservoir of pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Both genetic and physiological studies point to the importance of Auxin in the LR initiation and primordium development in the LR formation process, but cytokinin negatively regulates the growth of the LR. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primordia initiation is the precursor for the start of a primordium, and typically confers new growth (either flowers or leaves) in plants once fully mature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many developmental processes associated with fruit development occur at the floral meristem (FM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Primordium development in plants is critical to the proper positioning and development of plant organs and cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primordium cells, in contrast to stem cells, are already specified, have entered a period of maximal proliferation, but for a limited number of times, and can thus be considered the plant equivalent of progenitor cells in animal organs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • it consists of (one or more) pistils and is typically surrounded by the pollen -producing reproductive organs , the stamens , collectively called the androecium . (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these are traits that depend on functional meristems, populations of stem cells maintained by the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop that controls the expression of the WUS homeobox transcription factor. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptome analysis and genetic interactions revealed shared and divergent functions of miR156-targeted SlSBP genes, PROCERA/DELLA and the classical WUSCHEL/CLAVATA pathway, which has been previously associated with meristem size and determinacy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The subsequent accumulation of cell division and enlargement in this bundle of tissue gives rise to a new structure known as the root primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Auxins have a large impact on plant primordium development because of their effect on gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The regulation of WUS transcription is crucial for meristem homeostasis, whereby high WUS expression leads to enlarged meristems and low expression leads to the formation of small meristems 3 , 14 . (nature.com)
  • These findings establish ZmWUS1 as an essential meristem size regulator in maize and highlight the striking effect of cis-regulatory variation on a key developmental program. (nature.com)
  • The control of plant stem cells is essential for sustaining the function of apical meristems, plant growth, and ultimately productivity 1 . (nature.com)
  • gynoecia ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds . (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells of the primordium are called primordial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A primordium is the simplest set of cells capable of triggering growth of the would-be organ and the initial foundation from which an organ is able to grow. (wikipedia.org)
  • WUS is a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) produced in the organizing center (OC) domain of apical meristems and is transported via plasmodesmata into the apical domain (called central zone, CZ) to promote proliferation of stem cells 3 . (nature.com)
  • Understanding the build-up of photosynthetic capacity requires detailed knowledge of how these cells, and chloroplasts within, are produced and develop. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gynoecium is often referred to as the " female " portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells ), the gynoecium produces megaspores , each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A distinct ZmFCP1-FEA3 ligand-receptor combination, originally identified in maize, prevents WUS gene expression in the region below the OC (also called rib zone, RZ), thus confining WUS expression within the OC of meristems 6 . (nature.com)
  • Flower primordia are the little buds we see at the end of stems, from which flowers will develop. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is still much to understand about the genes involved in primordium development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has led researchers to believe that auxin accumulation as well as decreases in auxin levels might control different phases of primordium development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flower primordia start off as a crease or indentation and later form into a bulge. (wikipedia.org)
  • MAIN CONCLUSION: Over-expression of phytoglobin mitigates the degradation of the root apical meristem (RAM) caused by waterlogging through changes in nitric oxide and auxin distribution at the root tip. (bvsalud.org)
  • The plant hormone auxin has also been implicated in this process, with the new primordium being initiated at the placenta, where the auxin concentration is highest. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a lot of current research being conducted to explain the role that it assists in the process of plant primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leaf primordia are groups of cells that will form into new leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes are expressed in the SAM and down-regulated in leaf primordia [8] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The indeterminate state of cells within the meristem is also dependent on members of the KNOX gene family that are expressed in the SAM but excluded from incipient organ primordia [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells at the periphery of the CZ begin to differentiate concomitant with the downregulation of KNOX genes and the expression of AINTEGUMENTA ( ANT ), regulating cell proliferation in the emerging organ primordia [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a screen for new mutations affecting floral organ morphology and development, we have identified a novel allele of FIL, fil-9 and characterized its floral and meristem phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The loss of spatial and temporal organization of fil-9 inflorescence and floral meristems presumably leads to disrupted cell allocation to developing floral organs and to a blurring of organ whorl boundaries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Organ outgrowth is accompanied by the establishment of a boundary zone separating the primordium from the adjacent meristematic tissues [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SAM activity is also regulated by signals emanating from the organ primordia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In flowers, AIL6 expression is associated with young flower primordium and early stages of floral organ development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meristem activity in the shoot apex is specified in part by the class I KNOTTED-LIKE HOMOBOX ( KNOX ) genes [1] - [3] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The subsequent accumulation of cell division and enlargement in this bundle of tissue gives rise to a new structure known as the root primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a lot of current research being conducted to explain the role that it assists in the process of plant primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss of AIL6 function on its own has no obvious phenotype in the shoot and only results in a slightly shorter root and root apical meristem [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)