• Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, or MSSA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public goods to enable the emergence of collective virulence. (nature.com)
  • Colonial sizes of the two strains do not reveal any significant differences in growth fitness of the strains. (scirp.org)
  • The antibiotic susceptibility rate showed that the mucoid strains compared to the non-mucoid were more resistant to nine out of 10 antibiotics. (scirp.org)
  • The non-mucoid strains showed no complete resistant to any antibiotic tested but had a higher resistant rate to chloramphenicol only. (scirp.org)
  • The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index shows the themucoid strains with a high MAR index range of 0.7 - 1.0 with a median MAR index of 0.8, while the non-mucoid strains had a MAR index of 0.2 - 0.8 with a median MAR index of 0.35. (scirp.org)
  • Furthermore, the extrachromosomal elements bearing the mucoid phenotype and the resistance elements in the mucoid strains do not significantly impact on the fitness of the cognate strain. (scirp.org)
  • In Chile, although a sustained increase in CR- Kp infections has been observed, few strains have been described at the genomic level, lacking molecular details of their resistance and virulence determinants and the mobile elements mediating their dissemination. (biorxiv.org)
  • 10 However, VGI is an emerging and more abundant molecular type in Asia, Australia, and Europe 11 , and some studies showed obvious differences in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to answer whether C gattii VGI could be genetically categorized into subgroups, hoping to explain difference in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition to multi-omics (WGS and RNA-Seq) experiments, we also performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation to characterize the virulence trait of divergent molecular subtypes of C gattii VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • The ability of Listeria monocytogenes isolates to survive within the food production environment (FPE), as well as virulence, varies greatly between strains. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we assessed the FPE fitness and virulence potential, including efficacy of selected hygiene or treatment intervention, against 52 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from various food and food environment sources. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • The objective of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to screen for genes encoding for antibiotic resistance, fitness and virulence in strains that had been isolated from food and powdered-milk-producing environments. (ccc.ac.at)
  • Filamentous Bacteriophages and the Competitive Interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains under Antibiotic Treatment: a Modeling Study. (stanford.edu)
  • Further, phage production leads to a net positive gain in fitness only at antibiotic concentrations slightly above the MIC (i.e., concentrations for which the benefits of antibiotic sequestration outweigh the metabolic cost of phage production) but which are not lethal for Pf+ strains. (stanford.edu)
  • As a result, our model suggests that frequent administration of intermediate doses of antibiotics with low decay rates and high killing rates favors Pf+ over Pf- strains. (stanford.edu)
  • we know that resistant strains (MDR, XDR, PDR) have arisen in single incidents around the globe but why are these bacteria not common and not spreading quickly as humans keep using antibiotics and killing the non-resistant strains which these Amr strains have to compete for resources. (stackexchange.com)
  • Pathogenic strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins , and the expression of a cell-surface protein that binds and inactivates antibodies . (mdwiki.org)
  • S. aureus is one of the leading pathogens for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine . (mdwiki.org)
  • Adapted strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were also added to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, to investigate if there was cross-resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to this antibiotic. (zana.com)
  • These adapted strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were also more resistant to the antibiotic colistin. (zana.com)
  • In 2010, after some strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the bacterium responsible for gonorrhea, began showing resistance to one of the last remaining classes of antibiotics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began recommending "dual therapy," meaning that doctors now prescribe two drugs at the same time to fight gonorrhea. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Yet the resistant strains, which have been identified in Japan, France, Spain and most recently in Canada, evade the lethal action of cephalosporins by preventing the antibiotic from binding to the protein target. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To understand the consequences of hypermutation for the fitness of the organisms, five pairs of clinical wild-type/hypermutable, clonally related P. aeruginosa strains and the laboratory strains PAO1/PAO1Δ mutS were subjected to competition in vitro and in the agar-beads mouse model of chronic airway infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Virulence and mutation rates of Salmonella typhimurium strains with increased mutagenic strength in a mouse model. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Pneumonia isolates carried higher proportions of virulence genes sfa/foc , papGIII , hlyC , cnf1 , and iroN compared with bacteremia isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Virulence factor gene content and antimicrobial drug resistance were higher in pneumonia than in commensal isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbapenemases are a class of enzymes that can confer resistance to carbapenems and other Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs, but not all carbapenemase-producing isolates are carbapenem-resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • Umar, U. , Anagor, S. , Aliyu, A. and Suleiman, A. (2016) Hypermucoviscosity in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Correlates with High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index. (scirp.org)
  • High resistance to most of the antibiotics tested was observed among the isolates, five ST25, three ST11, one ST45, and one ST505, which harbored a total of 44 plasmids, many of them predicted to be conjugative and carrying genes conferring resistance to a variety of antibiotic, metals, and disinfectants. (biorxiv.org)
  • The percentage of isolates with elevated cefixime MICs increased during 2009-2010, then decreased during 2012-2013 after treatment recommendations were changed in 2010 to recommend dual therapy (with a cephalosporin and a second antibiotic) and a higher dosage of ceftriaxone. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparison of fitness of two isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of which had developed multi-drug resistance during the course of treatment. (stackexchange.com)
  • The impact is enhanced if coupled with the presence of functional genes for antibiotic resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • In another section on antibiotic resistance where EE describes "The neo-Darwinian Mutation Scenario," the textbook explains that "mutations in the DNA sometimes modify this program. (exploreevolution.com)
  • 100) EE clearly states (as it should) that mutations are a vital component of the process of antibiotic resistance, for they provide the "raw materials" upon which selection can act. (exploreevolution.com)
  • The NCSE later admits that "Explore Evolution then says mutations do confer resistance but with a 'fitness cost. (exploreevolution.com)
  • Either EE implies that mutations play a role in antibiotic resistance, or it doesn't. (exploreevolution.com)
  • The compensatory mutations restore in a different degree the alterations in antibiotic susceptibility and virulence of the ΔcrcZ mutant, supporting that Crc plays a fundamental role linking P. aeruginosa metabolic robustness, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mutations that make bacteria more fit in an environment where they're exposed to antibiotics generally make them less fit in a "natural" environment where they don't have to deal with antibiotics. (stackexchange.com)
  • If mutations are random, why do antibiotics 'cause' resistance? (stackexchange.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance can, however, also spread via travellers colonized by bacteria carrying chromosomal antibiotic resistance mutations, but this has received little attention so far. (biomedcentral.com)
  • International travel can alter the composition of the Escherichia communities in the faecal flora, favouring bacteria carrying certain resistance mutations, and, thereby, contributes to the global spread of antibiotic resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A high abundance of specific mutations in Swedish travellers before visiting India is consistent with the hypothesis that these mutation have no fitness cost even in the absence of an antibiotic selection pressure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteria can acquire resistance by gaining mobile antibiotic resistance genes or by de novo mutations in pre-existing DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protocol is significant for creating and determining mind-body desired mutations in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the testing the effect of mutations on virulence reduction in a reproducible mouse model. (jove.com)
  • Davies' team has identified six mutations that are at the root of the resistance and is looking at how the mutations change the way the protein reacts to antibiotics. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Once researchers understand how the mutations are preventing antibiotics from doing their work, new drugs can be developed, Davies said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Davies said it appears that the mutations restrict the protein's flexibility, preventing the structural changes needed to bind the antibiotic. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If those movements are critical to its job of binding to peptides and building the mesh that keeps the cell wall intact, how can the mutations block the antibiotic but still allow the normal reaction? (sciencedaily.com)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of medical importance and the capsule and mucoid phenotype in this organism are considered as requisite virulence determinants. (scirp.org)
  • The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
  • These results provide baseline knowledge for the detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae in Chile and South America. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, we aim to uncover novel antibiotic resistance determinants and virulence factors that contribute to the arsenal superbugs deploy during infection by testing under infection-mimetic conditions. (el-halfawylab.ca)
  • A genomic analysis was also performed to identify resistance genes correlating to the observed phenotypic resistance profiles, along with genetic determinants of interest which may elude to the FPE fitness and virulence potential. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • In a prospective, nationwide study in France of Escherichia coli responsible for pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, we determined E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotype, O-type, and virulence factor gene content. (cdc.gov)
  • The string test was used to detect the mucoid (hypermucoviscous) phenotype and the antimicrobial susceptibility test to 10 antibiotics was carried out with the disk diffusion technique after standardizing inoculum. (scirp.org)
  • However, treatment has been compromised by the absence of routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical care and evolution of antimicrobial resistance to the antibiotics used to treat gonorrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • Depending on the genes it carries, it could act as a fitness factor to the host, or serve as a virulence factor by transforming the host into a pathogen. (frontiersin.org)
  • This laboratory study investigated the adaptation of the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae to the antiseptic chlorhexidine, and whether this caused cross-resistance to other antibiotics. (zana.com)
  • My current research is examining nutrient acquisition by fungi, how feeding mechanisms evolve and how external digestion can influence the fitness of a pathogen population and the damage that they cause to plants. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Metabolic efficiency reshapes the seminal relationship between pathogen growth rate and virulence. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • First, we use model cystic fibrosis lung microbiome to focus on understanding how the evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial pathogen is shaped by sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations, other co-occurring bacteria and lytic phages. (weebly.com)
  • The analysis of several traits, including antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence of these mutants, indicates that they can be grouped into two categories, those in which Crc is fully inactivated and those presenting smaller structural changes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although genomic and transcriptomic studies of S. pneumoniae have provided detailed perspectives on gene content and expression programs, they have lacked information pertaining to the translational landscape, particularly at a resolution that identifies commonly overlooked small open reading frames (sORFs), whose importance is increasingly realized in metabolism, regulation, and virulence. (biomed.news)
  • To identify protein-coding sORFs in S. pneumoniae, antibiotic-enhanced ribosome profiling was conducted. (biomed.news)
  • Colistin is what is known as an "antibiotic of last resort" and is used to treat Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterium that has evolved resistance to other more widely used antibiotics. (zana.com)
  • These are the lowest concentration of an antibiotic (chlorhexidine) that will inhibit the visible growth of a micro-organism (Klebsiella pneumoniae). (zana.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, Enterobacteriaceae , including Escherichia coli , are among the critical priority antibiotic-resistant bacteria ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Also, SATURN had as mission to improve methodological standards and conduct research to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in different environments, by combining state-of-the-art analyses of molecular, ecologic and individual patient-level data. (europa.eu)
  • Apart from empirical treatment, the antibiotics used for treatment might be less effective against carbapenem-resistant infections as well. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, descendants may possess modified structures that are similar-but not identical-to those of their parents," explicitly stating that, "The second way that bacteria become resistant to some antibiotics is through mutation … In a few generations, an antibiotic-resistant strain arises. (exploreevolution.com)
  • That means that MDR bacteria are often out-competed by their less-resistant competitors, unless they're in the "right" environment for them, such as a hospital or an infected, antibiotic-treated patient. (stackexchange.com)
  • Tubercle bacilli resistant to isoniazid: virulence and response to treatment with isoniazid in guinea-pigs and mice. (stackexchange.com)
  • International travel contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria over the world. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As public health officials worry about the emergence of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea, researchers are tracing how antibiotics bind to a gonococcal protein, information that can help lead to new antimicrobials. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This balancing act might be the reason that antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea hasn't spread as quickly as anticipated. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microbial resistance to antibiotics represents a major issue when treating infectious diseases. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • We are specifically focused on plant rhizosphere and human lung microbiomes and how interactions within these microbial communities affect the fitness and survival of associated host organisms. (weebly.com)
  • To gain a handle on the factors that are propelling the problem of AMR, molecular and patient-level investigations are necessary to better elucidate the time-varying and heterogeneous role of antibiotic selection pressure on emergence and selection of AMR. (europa.eu)
  • Many results drawn from previous studies of the effect of antibiotic use on emergence, selection and spread of AMR have lacked a holistic view combining all aspects into one study. (europa.eu)
  • The pharmacodynamic study modelled the relationships between antibiotic exposure and AMR emergence over time for various classes of agents. (europa.eu)
  • Each coisogenic strain was individually unfit, but the metaclone was collectively as virulent as the wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana , suggesting that effectors can drive the emergence of cooperation-based virulence through their public action. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Metaclones of P. syringae facilitate the emergence of population virulence. (nature.com)
  • The study " Non-essential tRNA and rRNA modifications impact the bacterial response to sub-MIC antibiotic stress " in microLife looks at new mechanisms of how bacteria adapt to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • As such, sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics push bacteria to come up with sophisticated mechanisms to tolerate and resist antibiotic attacks. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • The NCSE then launches into a lengthy discussion of the history and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. (exploreevolution.com)
  • The NCSE is to be complimented for its understanding of this process, however EE's coverage of antibiotic resistance is in full agreement with their discussion, except for the fact that EE , because of its target audience, only covers certain types of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. (exploreevolution.com)
  • Multiple mechanisms of competition exist, both contact-dependent, such as the Type VI secretion system, and contact-independent, such as the production of diffusible secondary metabolites, including classical antibiotics. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Ongoing surveillance of C. difficile using reference AST and WGS to monitor MIC trends and the presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms is essential. (cdc.gov)
  • Most studies focus on the bacterial response to lethal antibiotic concentrations, yet bacteria often encounter lower antibiotic doses that still allow their growth. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • The study " Non-essential tRNA and rRNA modifications impact the bacterial response to sub-MIC antibiotic stress " in microLife aims at uncovering new genes involved in survival and growth under non-lethal antibiotic concentrations. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • This method can be applied to testing other pathogens and their mutants, as well as virulence infect in mice. (jove.com)
  • Moreover, we characterized a variety of genomic islands carrying virulence and fitness factors. (biorxiv.org)
  • These high-risk pathogens have developed mainly by acquiring different mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and genomic islands (GIs) encoding an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Although a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequenced Pseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely to contribute to virulence and host specificity. (nih.gov)
  • The genomic comparison suggests that several unique genes for Pss B728a such as ectoine synthase, DNA repair, and antibiotic production may contribute to the epiphytic fitness and stress tolerance of this organism. (nih.gov)
  • Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • i) The virulence of the biocontrol agent must be enhanced to overcome evolutionary barriers either by mixing with synergistic chemicals or with one or more organisms, and/or by mutagenic or transgenic enhancing of virulence of the biocontrol fungus. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The SATURN project had as aim to study the impact of antibiotic exposure on AMR with a multidisciplinary approach that bridges molecular, epidemiological, clinical and pharmacological research. (europa.eu)
  • In summary, the overarching rationale of SATURN was to improve methodological standards and conduct research that will help to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of AMR in different environments, by combining analyses of molecular, individual patient-level and ecologic data. (europa.eu)
  • However, the geographical distribution, molecular traits, and virulence difference are poorly characterized in China. (researchsquare.com)
  • Previous studies showed that low doses of antibiotics act as stressors to induce a transient phenotypic tolerance to high doses of antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • In addition to regulating carbon sources use, Crc and Hfq modulate P. aeruginosa virulence and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
  • Antibiotic Conjugates with an Artificial MECAM-Based Siderophore Are Potent Agents against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. (ardaudiothek.de)
  • these virulence factors are broadly grouped as fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, siderophores, somatic ("O") antigens and capsular ("K") antigens. (scirp.org)
  • Hence, the spread of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties caused by plasmids is possible, leading to a threat in public health. (frontiersin.org)
  • This finding has raised an intriguing question: Does C. jejuni sense, inject and secrete putative virulence factors into host cells? (assignster.com)
  • These results could be the basis for future studies to develop antibiotics that inhibit the translation of specific proteins, for example, virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Internals, listeriolysin O, and other virulence factors, as well as many histidine sensory kinases, all had different transcript levels after being exposed to anaerobiosis in acidic conditions. (postingat.com)
  • A. The NCSE Claims that According to EE , "Antibiotic resistance is just selection of pre-existing variability" without a Requirement for Mutation, but in fact the NCSE Misrepresents EE on this Point. (exploreevolution.com)
  • not only does the phrase "resistance gene" (which the NCSE directly attributes to EE ) exist nowhere in the textbook, but EE also nowhere implies that antibiotic resistance "does not develop through mutation. (exploreevolution.com)
  • Those studies showed that patients with infections caused by CRE were significantly more likely than those infected by CSE to receive inappropriate antibiotic treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has reached the status of global disaster, such that existing antibiotics fail to treat infections. (el-halfawylab.ca)
  • Through antibiotic overuse and misuse in clinical and farming contexts, bacteria encounter gradients of antibiotics in human bodies, soil or water. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Genome sequencing on C gattii in recent years has become a powerful tool to reveal novel lineages as well as genetic variations that were associated with phenotypes and virulence in different lineages and/or subtypes within the same lineage. (researchsquare.com)
  • Why can bacteria resist topical antibiotics, but not compounds like Benzoyl Peroxide? (stackexchange.com)
  • Synthetic studies of cystobactamids as antibiotics and bacterial imaging carriers lead to compounds with high in vivo efficacy. (ardaudiothek.de)
  • Focusing on the chemical nature of the analyte, we review TFs that respond to aromatic compounds (XylS-AraC, XylR-NtrC, and LysR), metal ions (MerR, ArsR, DtxR, Fur, and NikR) or antibiotics (TetR and MarR). (unican.es)
  • Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
  • Notably, even when Hfq is not sequestered by CrcZ, in the ΔcrcZ mutant, the lack of Crc impedes a proficient catabolic repression, indicating that Crc is strictly required for keeping P. aeruginosa metabolic robustness, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conducted in planta infection studies and uncovered an unexpected non-monotonic relationship between growth rate and virulence that is jointly shaped by how growth rate and metabolic efficiency interact. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Phenotypic tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of cadmium chloride and benzalkonium chloride and the sensitivities to five clinically relevant antibiotics. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are a clinically important class of broad-spectrum antibiotics to which bacteria have acquired a high frequency of resistance in many parts of the world [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • van Opijnen T , Bodi KL , Camilli A . Tn-seq: High-throughput parallel sequencing for fitness and genetic interaction studies in microorganisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Results from this study point to a central role of genes that encode RNA modification proteins in response to low-dose antibiotic stress. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of CrcZ, catabolic repression should be constitutive, severely impairing P. aeruginosa fitness. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the #FEMSmicroBlog, Louna Fruchard talks about a new link between non-coding RNAs and antibiotic tolerance. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • On the other hand, tolerance - also associated with antibiotic treatment failure - refers to the extension of the period during which a bacterial population can survive the transient exposure to antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Pf phages act as structural elements in Pa biofilms and sequester aerosolized antibiotics, thereby contributing to antibiotic tolerance. (stanford.edu)
  • Thus, the main global objectives of SATURN were to study the impact of antibiotic exposure on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to define strategies to improve knowledge on antibiotic selection pressure and judicious antibiotic use. (europa.eu)
  • This means the chlorhexidine exposure had led to what is termed antibiotic cross-resistance. (zana.com)
  • A high-throughput method allowed to determine for each gene disruption whether the bacteria could still thrive in the presence of 50% of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Led by postdoctoral fellow Avinash Singh, Ph.D., the researchers showed the protein undergoes key structural changes, including twisting and rolling of a loop to bind the antibiotic, that enhance the reaction with cephalosporins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Without these changes, the protein would react much more slowly with the antibiotic. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But antibiotics jump in to bind to the protein before it can get to a peptide. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The protein is walking around the membrane layer as normal, but its active site is blocked by antibiotic, so all those potential interactions with the peptide substrate are fruitless," Davies said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Screening of Antibiotic and Virulence Genes from Whole Genome Sequenced Isolated from Food and Milk-Producing Environments. (ccc.ac.at)
  • In this paper, we identify a key component missing from current theories which redefines the growth-virulence relationship in a way that is consistent with data. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Diseases can significantly impact host populations by promoting a decrease of individual fitness and negatively affecting the ability of seaweeds to defend against herbivores ( 8 ). (asm.org)
  • In its rebuttal to Explore Evolution ( EE ) on antibiotic resistance, the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) calls EE "incoherent," "deeply confused," and asserts that it "significantly misrepresents" the data. (exploreevolution.com)
  • [1] But this appears to be little more than harsh rhetoric: the NCSE cites papers that demonstrate trivial degrees of evolution and when read carefully, actually validate EE's arguments about fitness costs associated with antibiotic resistance. (exploreevolution.com)
  • The NCSE's rebuttal to EE with regards to antibiotic resistance contains many misstatements about EE and the data, and the entire rebuttal makes only one valid point-a point which when properly understood actually strengthens the case against macroevolution in Explore Evolution. (exploreevolution.com)
  • This novel mechanistic framework paves the way for a much-needed new suite of virulence evolution theories. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Only 2 of the included studies provided comparative data for patients who received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • If anything, the nature and tone of the NCSE's weak rebuttal to EE with regards to antibiotic resistance should inspire confidence in the accuracy and balance of EE's treatment of the subject. (exploreevolution.com)
  • Resistance designates the ability of a bacterial cell to withstand and grow during antibiotic treatment. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Elevated MICs to antibiotics used for treatment of C. difficile infection were rare and there was no increase in MICs over time. (cdc.gov)
  • The differential expression may therefore be part of a response to balance the necessary level between XCN 1 and XCN 2 to avoid self-toxicity and as a result to optimize the fitness of the strain. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Three observational studies were conducted to rigorously study issues surrounding the effect of antibiotic use on AMR that are not easily assessable through randomised trials. (europa.eu)