• In the past, North Korea has tested fission weapons, which break large atoms like plutonium, into smaller atoms, creating considerable energy. (cnn.com)
  • Fusion weapons, such as hydrogen bombs, use fusion to combine small atoms - such as hydrogen - to create much larger amounts of energy. (cnn.com)
  • The first was developed during World War II via the US-led Manhattan Project , fission devices or atom bombs create an explosion by splitting the nuclei of heavy atoms. (asiatimes.com)
  • The explosive power in hydrogen bombs, or thermonuclear weapons, comes from the binding together of atoms as opposed to fission or splitting atoms. (asiatimes.com)
  • Nuclear reactors transform the energy released by decaying, unstable atoms into electricity. (zmescience.com)
  • In the context of our discussion today, 'nuclear energy' means fission, the splitting of an atom into two smaller atoms of a different element. (zmescience.com)
  • A nuclear weapon is any explosive device that gets its power from the fission of atoms, it may be a bomb, a shell, a rocket, a guided missile or any other weapon which uses nuclear fission as its destructive power. (exampleessays.com)
  • With more and more free neutrons available, more and more atoms start fissioning. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Under ideal circumstances, or 'critical mass,' the fissioning atoms can double the number of neutrons in a contained environment more than 80 times in one microsecond, causing the device to expand with tremendous force. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The core of a fission bomb is made of highly enriched uranium or plutonium that on its own is not explosive. (asiatimes.com)
  • Consequently, the main obstacle to a terrorist planning a nuclear nightmare would be acquiring fissile material - plutonium or highly enriched uranium capable of rapid nuclear fission. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • The United States suspected the facility could be used to quickly produce enough nuclear explosive material, or highly enriched uranium, for a nuclear weapon, in what is commonly called, "breakout. (usip.org)
  • He was referring only to those materials which are defined as "strategic nuclear materials" by the IAEA namely, highly enriched uranium and plutonium, neither of which is presently sold (as such) by Canada. (ccnr.org)
  • The fuel-air bomb is one of the most well-known types of thermobaric weapons. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • bombs were given the prefix "B", while the same warhead used in other roles, like missiles, would normally be prefixed "W". For instance, the W-53 warhead was also used as the basis for the B53 nuclear bomb. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example is the B61 nuclear bomb, which was the parent design for the W80, W81, and W84. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bomb designed with weapon characteristics as the foremost criteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1949-1953) Mark 5 - Significantly smaller high efficiency nuclear bomb. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation risks in lung cancer screening programs: a comparison with nuclear industry workers and atomic bomb survivors. (harvard.edu)
  • A hydrogen bomb is more powerful than plutonium weapons, which is what North Korea used in its three previous underground nuclear tests. (cnn.com)
  • This H-bomb test brings us to a higher level of nuclear power. (cnn.com)
  • This suggests that unless North Korea has had help from outside experts, it is unlikely that it has really achieved a hydrogen/fusion bomb since its last nuclear test, just short of three years ago. (cnn.com)
  • The most powerful pure-fission device tested by the US was Ivy King, a 500-kiloton bomb 20 times more powerful than the one dropped on Nagasaki (a kiloton is equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT). (asiatimes.com)
  • Highly enriched bomb-grade uranium is, however, produced for some reactors (such as those used to power nuclear submarines and for some research reactors) and might be diverted to terrorists. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • This test followed a series of trials in August and September during which Kim Jong-un tested ICBMs as well as a hydrogen bomb in Kilju County, the site of North Korea's nuclear test site. (alphr.com)
  • Since the 1970s, even before the revolution, Iran has sought access to the technology that would give it the option to build a nuclear bomb, should it believe its security situation requires it. (usip.org)
  • Many of Iran's Arab neighbors, in addition to Israel, fear an Iranian nuclear bomb and could seek their own nuclear deterrent if Iran succeeds in acquiring nuclear weapons. (usip.org)
  • During last 50 years of development, the nuclear bomb, as the ultimate weapon became the peacekeeping force on the earth. (exampleessays.com)
  • The nuclear bomb was developed in Manhattan project during the WW II and was successfully tested in the New Mexico on July 16 1945. (exampleessays.com)
  • The nuclear weapon raised the confidence of USA but president Truman did not ordered its mass production because at that time he saw no explicit political function for the bomb. (exampleessays.com)
  • To stop soviet nuclear program before developing the first soviet bomb would give Americans permanent lead in nuclear weapons technology. (exampleessays.com)
  • The Nuclear Bomb was developed as the weapon of war at the end of the Second World War. (exampleessays.com)
  • Nuclear Deterrence was than the natural function of nuclear bomb. (exampleessays.com)
  • The atomic bomb had a function of "natural deterrence" at the early beginning of Cold War when Soviets did not have nuclear weapons. (exampleessays.com)
  • USA also believed that if Soviets finish their own bomb they would not be deterred by USA and its nuclear arsenal therefore the West Europe would become vulnerable. (exampleessays.com)
  • Atmospheric tests release all the radioactive fallout of a nuclear bomb exploding in mid-air or on the surface of the ground. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Mass casualties due to ionizing radiation can result from the detonation of a nuclear (fission) or a thermonuclear (fusion) device, from the contamination of conventional explosives with radioactive material (such a weapon is called a radiation dispersal device, or a dirty bomb), or from placement (eg, under a subway seat) of a concealed point source of radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Plutonium-240 exhibits a high rate of spontaneous fission, raising the neutron flux of any sample containing it. (everipedia.org)
  • Mark 1 - "Little Boy" gun-type uranium weapon (used against Hiroshima). (wikipedia.org)
  • Or the dramatic unveiling in 2010 of thousands of centrifuges at North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear site to make weapons-grade uranium. (cnet.com)
  • Fission, or the splitting of an atom's nucleus, was discovered originally in uranium. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • Fuel for nuclear power reactors is only enriched 3 percent to 5 percent with respect to this trace form of uranium, and so is no good for explosions. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • Produced by the nuclear "burning" of uranium in reactors, plutonium is a radioactive hazard in itself and also an ideal fuel for nuclear explosives. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • The end goal is to concentrate the unstable isotopes in a single place, and the final product is considered to be "enriched", as in the "enriched uranium" used for fission. (zmescience.com)
  • Some countries in the Middle East may seek to duplicate Iran's nuclear capabilities, including uranium enrichment capabilities, although these efforts would likely be subject to international inspections. (usip.org)
  • Amplifying worries about Iran's nuclear intentions, in September 2009, the United States, France, and Britain revealed the existence of a small, covert, and deeply buried uranium enrichment plant being built in Iran near the city of Qom. (usip.org)
  • The Joint Plan of Action (JPOA) restricted the amount of enriched uranium Iran could produce, reduced the number of centrifuges and sites it could operate, lengthened the time to "break out" -or the amount of time it would take Iran to produce one significant quantity of weapon-grade uranium for a nuclear weapon- and opened its program to additional transparency. (usip.org)
  • Nevertheless, by continuing to sell uranium to countries with nuclear weapons programs -- the United States, Britain and France -- Canada is undoubtedly helping them to make bombs. (ccnr.org)
  • In addition, as we will see, some Canadian uranium does find its way into weapons. (ccnr.org)
  • The claim that this particular pound of uranium will be the one used for producing weapons is a monstrous fantasy designed to get concerned citizens debating that very question, the way we might debate the question of how many angels can dance on the head of a pin. (ccnr.org)
  • What difference does it make where the uranium comes from, if the country it goes to is making nuclear weapons? (ccnr.org)
  • Following the Indian nuclear explosion, Canada's 1974 policy dictated that no uranium of Canadian origin might be highly enriched or reprocessed without the prior consent of the Canadian government. (ccnr.org)
  • But the surest way to strangle the nuclear arms race is to stop the trade in uranium, for without uranium there could be no nuclear weapons of any description. (ccnr.org)
  • Cutting off access to weapons-grade uranium and plutonium, without suppressing the raw material from which they are both derived, is rather like pulling a weed without removing the root. (ccnr.org)
  • What is weapons-grade uranium? (ccnr.org)
  • Only the first of these can be used directly as a nuclear explosive, and it is rare: less than 1 per cent of the natural uranium blend. (ccnr.org)
  • Plutonium is much more common on Earth since 1945 as a product of neutron capture and beta decay, where some of the neutrons released by the fission process convert uranium-238 nuclei into plutonium-239. (everipedia.org)
  • American nuclear weapons of all types - bombs, warheads, shells, and others - are numbered in the same sequence starting with the Mark 1 and (as of March 2006[update]) ending with the W91 (which was canceled prior to introduction into service). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1990s, after the Soviet Union dissolved and the Russian economy faltered, he was central to a program that led to the dismantlement of thousands of nuclear warheads while ensuring jobs for his Russian counterparts. (cnet.com)
  • And for Arihant that TN design will be different design compared to Land / Air delivered Nuclear warheads. (india-forum.com)
  • In November 2011, the IAEA released a report listing areas in which it had evidence of Iran's past and potentially ongoing work on nuclear weaponization and the development of nuclear warheads for missile delivery systems, or the so-called "possible military dimensions" (PMD) to its program. (usip.org)
  • The crucial first step, we shall argue, would be a very deep and swift cut in US and Soviet nuclear forces, which should be reduced from their present total of approximately 50,000 warheads to something on the order of two thousand. (nybooks.com)
  • Presumably these facts explain why it is a matter of indifference to most people that the world's inventory of tens of thousands of nuclear warheads remains virtually intact, even though of all the results of the cold war it is the one that poses the gravest danger to survival. (nybooks.com)
  • These can hold more than 1000-1500 weapons or warheads. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • The agreement outlined a 10-year program during which the United States, South Korea, and Japan would construct two new light-water-moderated nuclear reactors in the DPRK in exchange for the shutting down of all of the DPRK's existing nuclear facilities. (nti.org)
  • Nuclear reactors for research or power are scattered about the globe, capable of producing the raw material for nuclear devices. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • What are nuclear reactors and how do they work? (zmescience.com)
  • Despite their historic hiccups (and the massive damage these caused), nuclear reactors are a modern technological jewel. (zmescience.com)
  • Nuclear power plants can generate bountiful, carbon-free electricity, but their solid fuel is problematic, and aging reactors are being shut down. (businessinsider.com)
  • Nuclear reactors, on the other hand, fit the bill: They're dense, reliable, emit no carbon, and - contrary to bitter popular sentiment - are among the safest energy sources on earth. (businessinsider.com)
  • Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction, leading to applications in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors . (everipedia.org)
  • 13-18 kilotons, 1945-1950) Mark 2 - "Thin Man" plutonium gun design-cancelled in 1944 Implosion Mark 2 - Another Manhattan Project plutonium implosion weapon, a hollow pit implosion design, was also sometimes referred to as Mark 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mark 3 - "Fat Man" plutonium implosion weapon (used against Nagasaki), effectively the same as the "Gadget" device used in the Trinity nuclear test with minor design differences. (wikipedia.org)
  • He's one of the few people in the world who can appreciate exactly what it meant when a member of North Korea's nuclear weapons program handed him a glass jar warmed by the radioactive decay of the plutonium inside. (cnet.com)
  • Plutonium produced in either reactor type could be extracted for use in weapons. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • The presence of plutonium-240 limits a plutonium sample's usability for weapons or its quality as reactor fuel, and the percentage of plutonium-240 determines its grade (weapons-grade, fuel-grade, or reactor-grade). (everipedia.org)
  • The Fat Man bombs used in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945, and in the bombing of Nagasaki in August 1945, had plutonium cores. (everipedia.org)
  • Disposal of plutonium waste from nuclear power plants and dismantled nuclear weapons built during the Cold War is a nuclear-proliferation and environmental concern. (everipedia.org)
  • Other sources of plutonium in the environment are fallout from numerous above-ground nuclear tests, now banned. (everipedia.org)
  • 5 Megatons) Mark 15 - First "lightweight" thermonuclear weapon. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1.7-3.8 Megatons, 1955-1965) TX/Mark 16 - First weaponized thermonuclear weapon (Ivy Mike device). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thermonuclear devices can wreak much more destruction and cause nuclear burns a considerable distance from a blast site. (asiatimes.com)
  • Nuclear fusion generates highly energetic neutrons that in turn cause fission in the surrounding third stage fissile material. (india-forum.com)
  • A weapon that derives its destructive force from nuclear fission and/or fusion. (harvard.edu)
  • The separation of a microscopic nucleus of an atom can detonate the most destructive weapon known to mankind. (artscolumbia.org)
  • VIENNA (IDN) - Before World War II broke out in 1939, German-born Nobel laureate Albert Einstein recommended President Franklin D. Roosevelt to begin research on a nuclear weapon since Germany under Adolf Hitler might be developing such a destructive tool. (indepthnews.net)
  • He signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto with British philosopher Bertrand Russell, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. (ranker.com)
  • Einstein deplored use of the new discovery of nuclear fission as a weapon, and signed with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto , highlighting the danger of nukes. (indepthnews.net)
  • A U.S. initiative to outlaw nuclear weapons and to internationalize global stocks of fissile material for use in peaceful nuclear programs which became know as the Baruch Plan. (nti.org)
  • Why is Pakistan building so many nuclear weapons and blocking the start of fissile material cutoff negotiations? (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Abolition 2000: Founded in 1995 during the NPT Review and Extension Conference, Abolition 2000 is an international non-governmental global network working for a treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons within a time-bound framework. (nti.org)
  • The Treaty on the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone, also known as the Treaty of Pelindaba , was opened for signature in Cairo in April 1996. (nti.org)
  • In addition, the treaty requires parties to apply International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to all their peaceful nuclear activities. (nti.org)
  • The treaty also provides for the establishment of the African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), which supervises treaty implementation and ensures compliance with its provisions. (nti.org)
  • For additional information, see the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty . (nti.org)
  • The US withdrew from the 1987 Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty this month after alleged Russian noncompliance . (cnet.com)
  • And the 2011 New START treaty reining in US and Russian nuclear stockpiles likely will expire in 2021. (cnet.com)
  • As a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Iran claims its nuclear program has always been purely for peaceful, energy and medical purposes. (usip.org)
  • In 2006, Iran significantly reduced the inspection arrangements of the IAEA with its refusal to continue implementing the Additional Protocol to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). (usip.org)
  • A missile is a guided weapon, unlike a rocket, and a ballistic missile is one that can move along a suborbital trajectory, skimming the Earth's atmosphere to travel much further than normal missiles. (alphr.com)
  • If North Korea can affix a nuclear warhead to the Hwasong-12 missile, and if the weapon can indeed travel as far as is suggested, it could decimate Guam - which is roughly 3,400 km (2,113 miles) from North Korea. (alphr.com)
  • Reports added that Pyongyang "had achieved its mission of becoming a nuclear state" and the missile is believed to have landed in water off the coast of Japan. (alphr.com)
  • In 1942, the federal government established the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) in Anderson and Roane Counties in Tennessee as part of the Manhattan Project to research, develop, and produce special nuclear materials for nuclear weapons. (cdc.gov)
  • Fission starts with subatomic particles ejected from these radioactive isotopes in an effort to become stable. (zmescience.com)
  • Is it possible to test a nuclear weapon without producing radioactive fallout? (howstuffworks.com)
  • The official press release accompanying North Korea's 2006 test stated, 'It has been confirmed that there was no such danger as radioactive emission in the course of the nuclear test. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Bottom line is that submarine based tirade leg required HEU not only for nuclear reactor but also for TN warhead. (india-forum.com)
  • Also known as a multi-stage nuclear warhead. (india-forum.com)
  • When you think of efforts to pare down the world's nuclear weapons stockpiles , maybe you imagine heads of state and uniformed generals sternly staring down their military rivals across a huge table. (cnet.com)
  • These deterrent messages may have strengthened the resolve of Pakistan's nuclear requirement-setters not to be deterred. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • When detonated, the core is compressed with conventional high explosives to create a nuclear chain reaction that releases huge quantities of energy. (asiatimes.com)
  • The first stage of a TN device consists of a Fission or FBF nuclear explosive whose energy in the form of soft X-rays is used to ablate a heavy pusher material to compress and ignite the second stage consisting of Deuterium (in the form of Lithium Deuteride) to undergo nuclear fusion. (india-forum.com)
  • This, alongside the issue of nuclear waste, is the chief criticism leveled at nuclear energy. (zmescience.com)
  • they are usually defined as nuclear weapons in which at least a portion of the energy is released by nuclear fusion. (artscolumbia.org)
  • They denied that Iran's nuclear program ever had a military purpose despite substantial evidence possessed by the International Atomic Energy Agency and national intelligence agencies that it conducted nuclear weapons related work up until 2003 and perhaps continued certain activities afterwards. (usip.org)
  • Produce nuclear weapons need nuclear energy. (exampleessays.com)
  • WASHINGTON DC (IDN) - As Washington hunts ill-defined al-Qaeda groups in the Middle East and Africa, and concerns itself with Iran's eventual nuclear potential, it has a much more pressing problem at home: Its energy grid is vulnerable to anyone with basic weapons and know-how. (indepthnews.net)
  • And I've yet to hear or see one of these Youtube Fukushima radiation fear fest (or radio interviews) include an opportunity for someone from the other side of the fence to counter or challenge the statements from these nuclear energy critics. (educate-yourself.org)
  • My sense is that they have actually risen after crises with India, after the U.S.-India civil nuclear energy deal, and in the context of growing Indian conventional capabilities. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • The nuclear reactor at Reed College is the only reactor in the US staffed by undergraduate students. (zmescience.com)
  • Called a molten-salt reactor , the technology was conceived during the Cold War and forgoes solid nuclear fuel for a liquid one, which it can "burn" with far greater efficiency than any power technology in existence. (businessinsider.com)
  • President Bush worries that without explosive testing, America's nuclear weapons will become less safe and effective. (exampleessays.com)
  • America's nuclear policy originated, to a considerable extent, in order to counter three factors: (1) the large conventional armies that the Soviet Union maintained in the center of Europe after 1945, (2) the belligerent character of Soviet military doctrine, and (3) the Soviets' geographic advantages in a European war. (nybooks.com)
  • India made a strategic mistake in its 1998 nuclear weapons tests-instead of declaring India a great power, it made India part of "the India-Pakistan problem" in the eyes of the world. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • National Journal, 2001) Paul Robinson, a nuclear weapons expert, believes that "nuclear weapons have not only been vital to U.S national security, but also that history has turned out better for our having nuclear weapons. (exampleessays.com)
  • Gurmeet Kanwal, in Nuclear Defence: Shaping the Arsenal (2001) asserted that, "if Pakistan were to… resort to the unthinkable, then India might as well insure that Pakistan finally ceases to exist as a nation state… In an imperfect world… it does not pay to be squeamish. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • An entirely new danger has arisen: that a disintegrating Soviet Union might lose control over its immense nuclear arsenal. (nybooks.com)
  • A typical thermobaric weapon consists of a container packed with fuel, in the center of which is a small conventional-explosive or scattering charge. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • The coalition consists of over 2,000 organizations from 90 different countries that work both independently and in concert to accomplish the goal of nuclear abolition through an eleven point program. (nti.org)
  • The stewards of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal claim that their requirements have been fixed and minimal. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Pakistan must assure the international community the nuclear surety of its nuclear arsenal not by words but by deeds. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • I know in India value of life is cheap, but life of crew that bear Indian nuclear deterrence better not be cheap). (india-forum.com)
  • The beginning of Cold War created several political functions of nuclear weapons: nuclear deterrence, alliance building, and international prestige. (exampleessays.com)
  • A Nuclear Thermobaric Weapon is a type of enhanced radiation weapon that utilizes boosted plasma from the nuclear fire ball to generate an intense, high-temperature explosion, and in practice the blast wave produced is typically larger and longer in duration than in a conventional explosive weapon design. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • Karen YeagerAdvanced Composition 123 December 1999Nuclear Weapons: Scars on the EarthNuclear weapons have a long-lasting and devastating effect on the world for many years after an initial explosion. (artscolumbia.org)
  • Let's start with a quick look at what happens to produce a nuclear explosion. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Whether or not one believes that the numbers and disposition of the US and Soviet nuclear forces were appropriate before 1989, it should be clear they are incompatible with the new political realities. (nybooks.com)
  • With officials and the public increasingly discussing whether (and how) to remake our electricity grids for the future, the topic of nuclear power is bound to pop up as well. (zmescience.com)
  • Nuclear WeaponsThe topic of nuclear weapons is one that will be around forever. (artscolumbia.org)
  • The danger of nuclear war has not vanished along with the Soviet conventional threat. (nybooks.com)
  • A Descriptive Analysis of the Use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Weapons by Violent Non-State Actors and the Modern-Day Environment of Threat. (harvard.edu)
  • Renewed Threat of Nuclear Holocaust Requires Physician Activism. (harvard.edu)
  • Developing a Nuclear Global Health Workforce Amid the Increasing Threat of a Nuclear Crisis. (harvard.edu)
  • However the low yield nuclear thermobaric weapon solves this problem and can be use almost anywhere that it is needed. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • Heaviest U.S. weapon, second highest yield of any U.S. weapon. (wikipedia.org)
  • 10-15 Megatons) Mark 18 - Very high yield fission weapon (Ivy King device). (wikipedia.org)
  • highest yield US nuclear weapon (25 Megatons). (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear weapons based on fission typically have a yield of around 10 kilotons, while nuclear weapons employing fusion can have a yield measured in megatons. (cnn.com)
  • The Protocol requires Iran to supply the IAEA with more detailed declarations of its nuclear activities and provide much greater access to nuclear sites than traditional safeguards. (usip.org)
  • Iran denied any military nuclear intentions for the site and placed it under IAEA safeguards. (usip.org)
  • Moreover, although France stubbornly refused to sign the NPT or to accept full-scope safeguards, the Canadian government judged that the conditions of its 1976 safeguards policy were met well enough when France arranged for IAEA safeguards on its civilian (but not its military) nuclear facilities. (ccnr.org)
  • If there's no invasion on our sovereignty we will not use nuclear weapon," the North Korean state news agency said. (cnn.com)
  • Most conventional explosives consist of a fuel-oxidizer of premix gunpowder, containing 25% fuel and 75% oxidizer, whereas thermobaric weapons are almost 100% fuel, so thermobaric weapons are significantly more energetic than conventional explosives of equal weight. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • In a non conventional nuclear thermobaric weapon design using iron oxide as the plasma fuel or secondary booster. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • But is it even possible to test a nuclear weapon to its full extent (carrying it through to its final nuclear stage instead of just simulating that final stage using conventional weaponry) without releasing some amount of radiation into the atmosphere? (howstuffworks.com)
  • North Korea appears to have had a difficult time mastering even the basics of a fission weapon," he said . (cnn.com)
  • VEREX: Created in September 1991 during the Third Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), VEREX was tasked with identifying measures that could be used to determine whether a state party to the BTWC is 'developing, producing, stockpiling, acquiring, or retaining' biological weapons (BW). (nti.org)
  • Picture instead a white-haired, US weapons scientist sidestepping the summit meetings and heading directly to research labs in Russia, China, Pakistan and even North Korea to chat about physics and build the direct ties that may be more effective at establishing trust than edicts from the top brass. (cnet.com)
  • Russia is talking about deploying hypersonic nuclear missiles that some say the US military can't stop . (cnet.com)
  • Only five other countries are believed to have this frightening weapon - the US, Russia, Britain, France and China. (asiatimes.com)
  • But today, DC's folks are making megabucks investing in MIC corporations and begging for a nuclear war with Russia or China - or both. (archive.org)
  • In November 2013, Iran signed an interim agreement limiting its nuclear programs - the Joint Plan of Action - with six world powers, the P5+1 (Britain, China, France Germany, Russia and the United States). (usip.org)
  • I'd be interested to know whether Dywyddyr believes Russia knows the same or less than Russia about nuclear weapons technology, although admittedly that distinction is irrelevant to the debate topic. (sciforums.com)
  • The US (and many Western countries) tend to be revolutionary in their weapon designs, while the USSR/ Russia is evolutionary - in general they squeeze the last drop of utility out of a system before incrementally improving it. (sciforums.com)
  • For example, Bharat Kharnad wrote in Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security (2002) that the problem "is not one of preventing nuclear war, but with believing that Pakistan can annihilate India, which is not possible, even as the reverse is eminently true. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Iranian leaders advanced Iran's nuclear weapons program in the 1990s and early 2000s along with its civil nuclear program, using the latter as a symbol of national pride. (usip.org)
  • On July 14, 2015, Iran and the P5+1 concluded a comprehensive deal with key provisions to limit Iran's nuclear programs for 10 to 15 years and improve international transparency over its activities, in exchange for a removal of U.N., regional, and national sanctions. (usip.org)
  • Most analysts judge that substantial effort will need to be devoted to enforcing and maintaining the agreement and ensuring that Iran's nuclear programs remain peaceful afterward. (usip.org)
  • In November 2013, after a series of back channel talks between Iran and the United States, Iran and the P5+1 countries reached an interim agreement limiting Iran's nuclear programs. (usip.org)
  • Directly or indirectly, therefore, Canada is helping to sustain three nuclear weapons programs -- and, perhaps more importantly, to justify those programs by lending them a veneer of respectability. (ccnr.org)
  • In short, engineering shares the formidable challenges of finding all the dangerous nuclear material in the world, keeping track of it, securing it, and detecting its diversion or transport for terrorist use. (engineeringchallenges.org)
  • To do so would, at one stroke, force the US and the USSR to adopt far less dangerous nuclear strategies and strengthen the global effort to halt the spread of nuclear weapons. (nybooks.com)
  • There are at least seven underground nuclear storage facilities in Pakistan that are complete or under construction. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • In these tests, the nuclear device may be fixed atop a tower, dropped from a plane or carried into the atmosphere by a balloon. (howstuffworks.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Nuclear Weapons" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Nuclear Weapons" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Image credits nuclear-power.net. (zmescience.com)
  • Now the crumbling of Soviet power and the war in the Gulf have shattered the assumptions that underlie Western nuclear policies. (nybooks.com)
  • During this crisis, the President of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, Jana Krishnamurthy, issued the same warning: If Pakistan escalated to nuclear weapons' use, "its existence itself would be wiped out of the world map. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • What nuclear capabilities has North Korea said it is committed to disarming? (alphr.com)
  • Put another way, the small circle of nuclear decision makers in Pakistan seem to be acquiring the capabilities to destroy India as a functioning society in the event of uncontrolled escalation on the subcontinent. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • 8-61 kilotons, 1952-1967) Mark 8 - Gun-assembly, HEU weapon designed for penetrating hardened targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows the weapon to be for more effective in the use against very large harden steel objects or any black bodies that will rapidly absorb infrared radiation at a distance. (veteranstodayarchives.com)
  • In cases of the deliberate use of radiation as a weapon, it must be determined whether patients have been exposed (irradiated), contaminated, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
  • That meeting is contingent on North Korea making key concessions around its nuclear ambitions, which it has seemingly made a concerted effort to do so - culminating in today's surprisingly amicable summit. (alphr.com)
  • Hecker -- Sig for short -- has been working on nuclear weapons diplomacy for decades. (cnet.com)
  • For decades the United States and its allies have maintained nuclear forces designed for one overriding objective: to deter Soviet military action, particularly an attack against Western Europe. (nybooks.com)