Findings from cohort and case control studies. Medical search. Frequent questions

A case-control retrospective review was undertaken at a community hospital with a dedicated neurosurgery and otolaryngology team using minimally invasive surgical techniques, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and early post-operative imaging protocols. (plos.org)
Design Retrospective case-control study. (bmj.com)
Two retrospective cohort studies found inconsistent results: Jang et al. (nature.com)
In 2 retrospective case-control cohorts for the evaluation of early-onset myocardial infarction, participants with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential had a risk of myocardial infarction that was 4.0 times greater than in noncarriers (95% CI = 2.4-6.7). (ascopost.com)

Study designs were cross-sectional (24), prospective cohorts (9), and case control (3). (cdc.gov)
There are observational and experimental investigations which have applicable study designs that fall under them including ecological, cross-sectional, cohort, case control, clinical and community trails. (wikipedia.org)
Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a critical appraisal (CA) tool that addressed study design and reporting quality as well as the risk of bias in cross-sectional studies (CSSs). (bmj.com)
After 3 rounds of the Delphi process, the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was developed by consensus and consisted of 20 components. (bmj.com)
These cross-sectional findings suggest that NSAID use may be associated with lower circulating estradiol levels, potentially representing one mechanism through which NSAIDs exert protective effects on breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)

To address this concern we conducted a systematic review of studies examining children's exposure to Mn and neurodevelopmental outcomes focused on selection of biomarker-based and environmental measurements of Mn exposure to identify the scientific advances and research gaps. (cdc.gov)
Our objective is to assess the effects of these exposures on the risk of respiratory outcomes during the first year of life of infants from a Spanish multicenter cohort study. (who.int)
Main outcomes and measures Incidences were calculated and cases and controls compared using conditional logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for SASGS. (bmj.com)
1 , 2 Some studies suggest that infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea diagnosed during pregnancy may predispose women to serious adverse obstetric outcomes such as spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), low birth weight and stillbirth but other studies have not found such associations. (bmj.com)
8 As most studies have limited their analyses to infections diagnosed during pregnancy rather than prior to conception, in this report we sought to investigate the associations between a prior diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhoea, the timing of the diagnosis in relation to the pregnancy, and the likelihood of serious obstetric outcomes (SPTB, small for gestational age (SGA) and stillbirth) in a large cohort of women having their first birth. (bmj.com)
Several studies have reported improved perinatal outcomes due to the implementation of the HBB programme 10-12 . (futurelearn.com)
Dr. Gubatan's research is focused on translational studies using single-cell genomics to understand mechanisms of biologic therapy failure, elucidate the role of host immune and gut microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and develop precision medicine strategies to improve outcomes in patients with IBD. (stanford.edu)
Information extracted included study design, location, sample size, sex distribution of cases and controls or reference cohorts, measurements of outcomes, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and adjusted factors for exposure associated with outcome risk. (plos.org)

Nutritional science information is also used in the development of nutritional epidemiological studies and interventions including clinical, case-control and cohort studies. (wikipedia.org)
English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies that evaluated screening, studies evaluating test accuracy, RCTs of treatment vs inactive controls, and cohort studies or case-control studies assessing harms. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
Studies were not quantitatively pooled because of clinical and methodological heterogeneity. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
Positive likelihood ratios were between 5 and 10 for amblyopia risk factors or nonamblyogenic refractive error in most studies of test accuracy and were greater than 10 in most studies evaluating combinations of clinical tests. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
We hope you're enjoying the latest clinical news, full-length features, case studies, and more. (renalandurologynews.com)
HERE IS A BRIEF LOOK at the study findings and clinical implications of several recent and important clinical trials in neoplastic hematology. (ascopost.com)
Let's explore together how to interpret clinical studies, as well as conduct critical analysis of dental literature. (rdhmag.com)
Clinical trials are research studies, using humans, designed to answer specific health questions. (rdhmag.com)
There are various types of clinical trials, and those with randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs have the highest level of quality and lowest level of bias, and are often described as "rigorous trial design. (rdhmag.com)
Clinical issues are often studied more than once and when identifying an issue to research, it's important to find a wide body of evidence on the clinical question that needs to be answered. (rdhmag.com)
The reader who is not familiar with these terms may be confused, but this presents an opportunity for the oral care professional to be cautious about making clinical decisions based on low levels of evidence and to learn important new information related to identifying reliable study designs without bias in the study methods (see Table I). (rdhmag.com)
Since the clinical presentations of COVID-19 and Pulmonary embolism overlap, it is difficult to differentiate between these cases. (who.int)
We identified cases with rare epilepsies by searching clinical notes for keywords associated with 33 rare epilepsies. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: Data included clinical notes from 77,924 cases with ICD-9 codes for seizures, epilepsy, and/or convulsions. (cdc.gov)
These findings can improve identification and surveillance of individuals with rare epilepsies and promote their referral to specialty clinics, clinical research, and support groups. (cdc.gov)

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched through March 2016 for studies that were published in English, used a biomarker-based or environmental measurement of Mn exposure, and measured at least one neurological outcome for children aged 0-18 years. (cdc.gov)
Nutritional epidemiological methods have been developed to study the relationship between diet and disease. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiological methods have been used for centuries to study the relationship between diet and disease, yet were not considered definitive. (wikipedia.org)
METHODS: Population-based cohort of 4244 pregnant women in rural Malawi were recruited in 2013 and were followed up at 28 days, 6 months and 12 months postpartum. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within seven prospective UK cohort studies, comprising 579 cases of incident CRC and 1996 matched controls. (ox.ac.uk)
Methods: A nested case control study was conducted among 131 patients with COVID-19 (40 COVID-19 patients with Pulmonary embolism and 91 COVID-19 patients with no PE) who were on follow up from May, 2021 to May, 2022. (who.int)
METHODS: We used data from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multisite case-control study of preschool-aged children with ASD implemented during 2007-2012. (cdc.gov)
Methods: This population-based study investigated were shown to be statistically associated with the development an occupation that was classified according to the International of cancer of the oropharynx with Odds Ratio (OR) ranging from Standard Classification of Occupations. (bvsalud.org)

Up-to-date incidence of severe acquired subglottic stenosis from a large cohort of ventilated neonates, enabling benchmarking. (bmj.com)

Looking at well conducted systematic reviews and/ or meta-analyses can save a lot of time compared to reading individual studies on a particular area. (cehjournal.org)
Although participants were recruited as a prospective cohort, to account for selection bias, the primary analyses were as a case-control study comparing those with and without persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms. (unboundmedicine.com)
Analyses revealed no greater risk of PCa-specific mortality among ARI users from either the cohort or case-control study after adjustment for competing causes of death. (renalandurologynews.com)
In nested case-control analyses from 2 prospective cohorts, carriers of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential had a risk of coronary heart disease that was 1.9 times greater than in noncarriers (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-2.7). (ascopost.com)
Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed that these findings were stable and reliable. (plos.org)
We stratified analyses by pre-existing maternal medical conditions and pregnancy complications associated with increased ultrasound use (ultrasound indications) and used logistic regression to model case status by increasing ultrasound counts. (cdc.gov)
The document outlines that meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies show that higher intakes of NSS were associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and elevated fasting glucose, while meta-analyses of randomized trials suggest no significant effect on "biomarkers used in the assessment and diagnosis of diabetes and insulin resistance , including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and hemoglobin A1c . (medscape.com)
The overall objectives are to achieve greater power, especially for subgroup analyses, reduce duplication of research effort, replicate novel findings, and afford substantial cost savings through large collaborative efforts. (who.int)

Participants were considered to be exposed when they had received a cumulative dose of at least 3 g during the first six months (139 222 participants) and very slightly exposed (control group) when they had received a cumulative dose of less than 3 g (114 555 participants). (bmj.com)
Sixty participants (unselected for symptoms, median age 53, 42% female, 87% non- hospitalized) were studied at median 17.6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
This study included 165,670 participants without a history of stroke at baseline from the Kailuan study. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers used whole-exome sequencing to detect the presence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in peripheral blood cells and associated that discovery with coronary heart disease using samples from 4 case-control studies that together enrolled 4,726 participants with coronary heart disease and 3,529 controls. (ascopost.com)
The ZOE COVID Symptoms Study , which tracks symptoms recorded from participants using a smartphone app, reported on Thursday that the top five symptoms for Omicron were runny nose, headache, fatigue, sneezing and sore throat. (ctvnews.ca)
In total, 20 relevant cohort and case-control studies comprising 141,910 patients with eczema and 4,736,222 control participants fulfilled our established criteria. (plos.org)
Questionnaire data from a approximately 100,000 case-control pairs, over 1 million cohort participants, and the biological samples from the majority of the subjects would be available. (who.int)

Eligibility criteria included observational studies within North America and Europe that examined the covariate-adjusted impact of MDD on the risk and/or severity of comorbidities. (psychiatrist.com)
PE, however, as a presentation of CD is exceedingly rare and to the best of our knowledge this is the third case report of such an occurrence and the only case report of a patient from North America. (hindawi.com)

The researchers collected data from 12 United States cohorts between 2001 and 2017. (ahrq.gov)
The study found that among 16,409 PWH, 45% met statin eligibility criteria per guidelines for the time period from 2001 to 2017. (ahrq.gov)
A 2017 global epidemiologic study suggested that approximately 280 million people are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder [ 1 ]. (plos.org)

Ahead of the first fall and winter virus seasons in which vaccines are available for COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is recommending Pfizer's maternal vaccine to protect newborns from severe RSV illness. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
We pursued a 1:2 matching of a control group by collecting data of PwMS without history of previous COVID-19 (MS-NCOVID, n = 292). (springer.com)
This study examined whether there is an association between thromboembolotic events (TEEs) and concomitant use of dexamethasone with either apixaban or rivaroxaban (both direct oral anticoagulants or DOACs) during treatment for COVID-19. (ahrq.gov)
The authors used data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to conduct a nested case-control study. (ahrq.gov)
The goals of this study were to compare a single-site, COVID-19 computer diagnosis system that used the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm with 3-client Federated learning (FL) models, and to evaluate the performance of the four FL variations. (ahrq.gov)
This study aimed to assess the incidence of pulmonary embolism and associated factors among confirmed Covid-19 Patients in Ethi- opia. (who.int)

Referring to the levels of evidence in the panel, and based on how much time we have available, we could decide to limit the PubMed search to randomised controlled trials, which provide a strong level of evidence. (cehjournal.org)
Traditionally, evidence-based practice has been about using systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to inform the use of interventions. (bmj.com)
We performed a search in the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) indexes from inception to the present ( Supplementary Material ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Study quality was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized trials. (aap.org)
A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library from inception through April 2020. (aau.dk)
WHO looked at long- and short-term trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective studies, and case-control studies measuring a wide range of endpoints, from dental caries to cancer. (medscape.com)

0.001) to controls. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of the limited and conflicting epidemiologic reports, we investigated the association between NSAIDs and bladder cancer risk using 3 large, prospective cohort studies. (medscape.com)
2008) concluded that the amount of atrazine applied to the fields by an agricultural worker is likely to provide a valid surrogate of atrazine exposure in epidemiologic studies. (who.int)
At the time of the previous IARC evaluation of atrazine (Vol. 73, 1999), the most relevant epidemiologic studies consisted of two cohort studies of manufacturing workers, three population-based case-control studies of lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies in agricultural areas of the U.S., and a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in a rice-growing area of Italy. (who.int)

We included all observational studies assessing the association between ACEs and justice system contact conducted in the United States. (aap.org)
We identified and evaluated eligible observational studies from EMBASE and PubMed. (plos.org)
And WHO conceded the possibility of reverse causation in observational studies wherein higher-risk individuals may consume more NSS. (medscape.com)

Dr Wallner and her team analyzed a cohort of 174,895 men from Kaiser Permanente health systems who were newly treated for BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms between 1992 and 2007. (renalandurologynews.com)
1 The original ACE study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention included 7 predefined categories of childhood exposures, which have been expanded over time to include a greater number of categories and specific experiences, such as peer victimization and exposure to community violence. (aap.org)

If we limit the results to meta-analysis (a statistical analysis of the results produced by several studies) by ticking that box instead, there are just 23 results for us to evaluate and draw conclusions from. (cehjournal.org)
Conclusions from some case- years as compared with 54 years in West- control studies have suggested a positive ern Europe and America [ 9 ]. (who.int)

Epidemiological studies on exposure to pesticides and risk of prostate cancer (PC) provide inconsistent results. (bmj.com)
Epidemiological studies examining the association between pesticide exposure and prostate cancer (PC) are heterogeneous, and provide inconsistent results. (bmj.com)

C linicians are often encouraged to conduct studies that provide insight into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of different subsets of patients with schizophrenia and patients with psychotic disorders. (psychiatrist.com)

We aimed to investigate this association, exploring the potential modifying roles of age at diagnosis and maternal anthropometrics, using prospectively collected data from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium. (nih.gov)
Intake of dietary fats and colorectal cancer risk: prospective findings from the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium. (ox.ac.uk)
The International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) is an international group of lung cancer researchers, established in 2004 with the aim of sharing comparable data from ongoing lung cancer case-control and cohort studies. (who.int)

This multicenter, nested case-control study was a substudy of ICONIC (Incident Coronary Syndromes Identified by Computed Tomography) and included patients who had ACS with a culprit lesion precursor seen on CCTA. (medpagetoday.com)

10 However, other types/designs of research studies are becoming increasingly important in evidence-based practice, such as diagnostic testing, risk factors for disease and prevalence studies, 10 hence systematic reviews in this area have become necessary. (bmj.com)
Similar to prior studies, we found an increased prevalence of high-grade prostate cancers diagnosed among men who were exposed 5-ARIs for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms related to BPH," lead investigator Lauren P. Wallner, PhD, MPH, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, told Renal & Urology News . (renalandurologynews.com)
The decline in blood pressure between the 1960s and 1970s was primarily related to a fall in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, attributable in turn to the greater use of anti-hypertensive medications and improved blood pressure control. (go.jp)
The findings suggest that a diverse set of biological sex differences related to to brain function, cognition and sex hormones can, in part, explain the higher prevalence of MA among females and age-related deviations. (helsinki.fi)

Between 1995 and 1998 a cohort of 35 372 women was recruited, aged between 35 and 69 years with a wide range of dietary intakes, assessed by a 217-item food frequency questionnaire. (nature.com)

[ 6 ] For most patients, lifestyle modifications are useful, but if these interventions are insufficient to control symptoms, and medication is often required. (medscape.com)
This study sought to elucidate mechanisms of cardiopulmonary symptoms and reduced exercise capacity using advanced cardiac testing. (unboundmedicine.com)
Therefore, our findings provide additional reassurance about the safety of using 5ARIs in practice to manage lower urinary tract symptoms related to BPH," Dr Wallner stated. (renalandurologynews.com)
The CDC found that cough, fatigue, and congestion or runny nose were the most common symptoms among the cohort, three-quarters of whom were fully vaccinated. (ctvnews.ca)
Our study aims to explore if symptoms of depression at preconception are associated with unplanned pregnancy and nonuse of contraception at the point of conception and in the postpartum period. (bvsalud.org)
The effects of FMT on symptoms of chronic pouchitis are not established, though some studies show promising results. (aau.dk)

Previous studies have used food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to assess diet, but data from food diaries may be less prone to severe measurement error than data from FFQ. (ox.ac.uk)

Results Overall, 69 meningiomas in the exposed group (during 289 544 person years of follow-up) and 20 meningiomas in the control group (during 439 949 person years of follow-up) were treated by surgery or radiotherapy. (bmj.com)
Results: Studies of school-aged children most frequently measured Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores using Mn biomarkers of hair or blood. (cdc.gov)
The results of this study showed evidence of an association between high cariogenic risk and great severity of oral disease in the studied group of young women and low calcium intake. (medscape.com)
In the meta-analysis (MA) strategy, data from various studies with similar study designs are pooled or combined (treated as if the results were one study) in order to get a larger sample size and increase the rigor and reliability of the studies on an issue. (rdhmag.com)
Human studies of all study types reporting results of FMT to treat chronic pouchitis were included. (aau.dk)
Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm point out that studies that examined the association between lactose and dairy food consumption and ovarian cancer risk have yielded conflicting results. (lesliebeck.com)
BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating the association between prenatal ultrasounds and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have largely produced negative results. (cdc.gov)

The latest American Heart Association update on stroke statistics reported 89.13 million cases of stroke worldwide from 1990 to 2020 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We searched 5 databases for studies conducted through January 2020. (aap.org)
A preliminary study from South African researchers also found that after adjusting for vaccination status, the risk of hospitalization was 29 per cent lower for the Omicron variant compared to the first wave of the virus in mid-2020. (ctvnews.ca)
It has recently been reported that if present trends continue, new cases of type 1 diabetes in European children younger than 5 years will double between 2005 and 2020, and prevalent cases younger than 15 years will rise by 70% [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Meanwhile, according to the Global Cancer Observatory, in 2018, 18.1 million new cases of all cancers occurred, of which 2.23% were kidney cancer. (diabetesjournals.org)
All the relevant peer-reviewed literature published between January 2010 and July 2018 that reported findings on neonatal resuscitation practices after the implementation of the HBB programme among health workers in LMICs were included. (futurelearn.com)

The documented incidence of kidney cancer has increased over time, in part because of the increased frequency of abdominal diagnostic imaging, which has improved case detection ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
During an average follow-up of 8.87 (3.94) years, a total of 231 hip fracture cases occurred, 78 cases in the stroke group and 153 cases in the control group, with incidence rates of 1.12 and 0.50 per 1000 person-years, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
This number of reports represented a marked increase over the background incidence of E. coli O157 in San Francisco of less than 1 case per month. (marlerclark.com)

To examine protective and risk factors for Buruli ulcer (BU), we conducted a case-control study of 245 adult BU cases and 481 postcode-matched controls across BU-endemic areas of Victoria, Australia. (cdc.gov)
the study identified risk factors for HIV transmission and documented that the use of ZDV was associated with a decrease in the risk for HIV seroconversion (2). (cdc.gov)
The EPIC cohort was designed to identify risk factors for cancer [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate maternal and neonatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children under 15 years old in Grampian, Scotland. (biomedcentral.com)
previous studies have been underpowered to examine potential effect modification by these important bladder cancer risk factors. (medscape.com)
and 532 were part of a ing with a partner may be raised as possible risk factors for the control group, paired by age, gender, place and smoking habit, development of cancer of the mouth and oropharynx. (bvsalud.org)

However, its application in the developmental evaluation and follow-up of children with early-onset epilepsy has not been profoundly studied yet. (helsinki.fi)
Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between the gaze behaviour of infants with early-onset epilepsy and their future neurodevelopmental outcome. (helsinki.fi)
These findings suggest that gaze behaviour at an early age is an essential predictor of later development in infants with early-onset epilepsy. (helsinki.fi)

No RCTs compared screening with no screening, and no studies evaluated school performance, function, or quality of life. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)

Numerous studies in Europe (Ireland, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France) and in the United states suggest that the dietary factors in children may be as important as they are in adults. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] In a recent study, severe tooth loss in older adults was found to be a key indicator of a compromised dietary quality. (medscape.com)

The UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS), which was established in 1993 to investigate diet in relation to cancer and mortality from selected causes, is well placed to examine meat consumption and breast cancer risk, the subject of this paper. (nature.com)
Unlike previous studies on the subject, they specifically examined PCa mortality in a representative population and considered the impact of medication dose and duration. (renalandurologynews.com)
Previous studies suggest that screening for early detection and improved treatment, including adjuvant therapy, have contributed to about one-half of the decline in breast cancer-related mortality 3 . (nature.com)
This review assessed the impact of the HBB programme interventions on neonatal resuscitation practices in the LMICs in Asia and Africa to understand the potential causal pathway for the reduction in fresh stillbirths and first day mortality reported in other studies. (futurelearn.com)

The objective of the study is to evaluate CT-LeSc long-term prognostic value in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). (who.int)
The objective of this observational study was to assess the relationship between current NSAID use and endogenous estradiol levels, an established breast cancer risk factor. (aacrjournals.org)

A previous questionnaire-based case-control study in Victoria showed that being bitten by mosquitoes increased the odds of M. ulcerans infection, whereas wearing protective clothing or applying insect repellent decreased the odds ( 18 ). (cdc.gov)
Women with breast carcinoma ( n = 499) newly diagnosed between 1996-2002, and control women ( n = 498) randomly selected from patients' attendants and relatives, completed a food frequency questionnaire. (who.int)
A total of 1064 female breast cancer survivors in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening (PLCO) Trial prospective cohort, were included in this analysis if they had completed the diet history questionnaire (DHQ). (nature.com)
Case-patients were re-interviewed with a detailed hypothesis-generating questionnaire. (marlerclark.com)

Accurate measurement of children's exposure to Mn is crucial for addressing these knowledge gaps in future studies. (cdc.gov)
However, it is also argued that nutritional epidemiological studies yield unreliable findings as they rely on the role of diet in health and disease, which is known as an exposure that is susceptible to considerable measurement error. (wikipedia.org)
This information, along with data on ZDV efficacy in preventing perinatal transmission (3) and evidence that PEP prevented or ameliorated retroviral infection in some studies in animals (4), prompted a Public Health Service (PHS) interagency working group *, with expert consultation (5), in June 1996 to issue provisional recommendations for PEP for HCWs after occupational HIV exposure (6). (cdc.gov)
1 ) articles describing case-control and cohort studies, 2 ) with the exposure variable type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes, and 3 ) with information available with which to calculate odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), or hazard ratio (HRs) with 95% CIs. (diabetesjournals.org)
Data extracted from each eligible study included information about the study design, study population, sample size, exposure and outcome measures, and key findings. (aap.org)
For studies applying self-reporting of exposure, pooled estimate was 1.34 (0.91 to 1.77), I 2 =0.00%, p=0.493, while a high significant association was detected for grouped exposure assessment, 2.24 (1.36 to 3.11), I 2 =0.00%, p=0.955. (bmj.com)
In spite of a weak significant association detected when pooling ORs for high occupational exposure to pesticides, the magnitude of the association was related to the method of exposure assessment used by the original studies. (bmj.com)
Positive findings were mostly confined to occupational exposure to specific groups of pesticides or particular groups of those exposed. (bmj.com)
Pooled OR of PC when measuring serum pesticide level was 1.12 (0.74 to 1.50), whereas a high significant association was obtained for high occupational exposure to pesticides for studies applying grouped assignment of exposure, 2.24 (1.36 to 3.11). (bmj.com)
Such studies should also aid in the design of molecular probes to assess the capacity of individuals to metabolize specific drugs and toxins, before exposure to these agents. (aspetjournals.org)
A recent study evaluated the urinary levels of 9 atrazine metabolites in humans and concluded that DACT was the primary metabolite regardless of exposure scenario, and that exposure assessment based on measuring only AM or any single atrazine metabolite resulted in an underestimate of atrazine exposure (Barr et al. (who.int)
2007). This study found that AM accounted for only 2-12% of the detected metabolites, that most of the subjects had detectable atrazine exposure, and that future biomonitoring studies would likely need to include analysis of at least AM, DACT, DIA, and DEA in order to characterize the extent of atrazine exposure in a population. (who.int)
ynx (OSCC)11 Workers in mechanical and industrial workshops, Studies have analyzed the relationship between occupation- such as metal works and petrochemical plants, as well as paint- al exposure and risk for cancer of the oral cavity2-10. (bvsalud.org)
European Union, World Health Organiza- evaluate relationships between exposure and asthma-like symp- tion, Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics) have toms (e.g., cough, wheeze, and dyspnea), although such studies developed decision tools for assessing relationships between a spe- are generally subject to a number of limitations. (cdc.gov)

Nutritional epidemiological study designs are required to establish a definitive relationship between diet and disease to be able to develop interventions and policies that will be implemented for the health of the public. (wikipedia.org)
Studies conducted in high income countries and those reporting only the impact of other neonatal resuscitation guidelines or other interventions were excluded from the review. (futurelearn.com)

Here we report a case of pulmonary embolism that was the presenting feature of celiac disease and review of the literature. (hindawi.com)

ABSTRACT A case-control study investigated the association between dietary fat and breast cancer in Saudi Arabian women attending a specialist hospital in Riyadh. (who.int)
If not, one can almost always access an abstract on a study that's of interest. (rdhmag.com)
ABSTRACT In the past decade, the number of new cases of tuberculosis worldwide has barely declined and national tuberculosis control and elimination programmes in many high-income countries worldwide are increasingly challenged to address the problem of disease in foreign-born residents and migrant workers. (who.int)

Case-patient residences were geographically dispersed throughout San Francisco but suggested moderate to high socioeconomic status. (marlerclark.com)

This study observed reduced breast cancer risk among women with comparatively high OPG concentrations, but given a small number of incident cases ( n = 76), risk by tumor subtypes (e.g., by estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status) was not investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
M0 - No distant metastasis by imaging or other studies, no evidence of tumor in distant sites or organs. (medscape.com)
However, ers, butchers and motorized vehicle drivers are in a situation of the majority of associations were not shown to be statistically risk for this type of tumor, irrespective of age, alcohol and to- significant, and cohort studies did not control the confounding bacco consumption. (bvsalud.org)

Experimental studies have reported a protective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, against mammary carcinogenesis ( 1 - 3 ), and accumulating evidence from both case-control and cohort studies suggests that use of NSAIDs may be associated with a modest decreased risk of breast cancer in women ( 4 - 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Case-control studies have shown that regular use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases bladder cancer risk, but few cohort studies have evaluated this association. (medscape.com)
Several case-control studies have reported an inverse association with bladder cancer risk for individuals who reported regular use of nonaspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (medscape.com)

In contrast, the large downward shift in the whole blood pressure destributions between the 1970s and the 1980s was attributable partly to improved hypertension control and apparently also to changes in environmental factors of associated behaviors that affected the whole distribution. (go.jp)
In contrast, the three prospective cohort studies (studies in which diet was assessed before the cancer diagnosis) were consistent and show significant positive associations between intakes of total dairy foods, low-fat milk, and lactose and risk of ovarian cancer. (lesliebeck.com)

Nutritional epidemiological studies form the foundation for nutrition-related discoveries. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiological studies have identified diabetes as an essential risk factor for the development of malignancies in different organs such as the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, colon, uterus, bladder, and kidneys ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Nevertheless, many epidemiological studies did not adjust for this important confounder. (bmj.com)

Design Observational cohort study. (bmj.com)
This is because when reading any type of evidence, being critical of all aspects of the study design, execution and reporting is vital for assessing its quality before being applied to practice. (bmj.com)
The rationale for the Kailuan Cohort Study and its design and methodology have been described in detail elsewhere [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a case-control study design, we studied the factors associated with HIV-related avascular necrosis (AN). (qxmd.com)
Often studies not included in an SR are identified with a discussion of the reasons for the lack of inclusion, such as poor study design introducing bias and inadequate numbers in the study population, resulting in lack of statistical power. (rdhmag.com)
Study Design, Population and Sample size requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit [5-8]. (who.int)
http://www.pbh.yn.gov.cn/ The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (plos.org)
We reviewed study designs commonly used with data extracted from injury registries and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each design type. (cdc.gov)

Researchers from Sweden used The Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based cohort from central Sweden, to investigate the association. (contemporaryobgyn.net)

A meta-analysis of 31 case-control and cohort studies published before 2003 found a 17% increase in risk associated with the highest category of meat intakes ( Boyd et al, 2003 ). (nature.com)
We analyzed 17 studies and found that diabetes was significantly associated with the risk of developing kidney cancer and that this risk was slightly stronger for women and for people living in Asia. (diabetesjournals.org)
9 ] also found that after adjustment for sex, age, and medications used, HF was more likely to occur in stroke patients than in controls matched for age and sex (hazard ratio 1.89). (biomedcentral.com)
A preliminary U.K. study published on Thursday also found 'no evidence (for both risk of hospitalization attendance and symptom status) of Omicron having different severity from Delta' based on data collected in England between Nov. 29 and Dec. 11. (ctvnews.ca)
We present a case of a 46-year-old man who was admitted for shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain and was found to have iron deficiency anemia, deep venous thrombosis, and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). (hindawi.com)
This case-control study found limited evidence of a reduced risk of the development of type 1 diabetes in children whose mothers smoked, compared to children whose mothers did not. (biomedcentral.com)
Nine studies, reporting FMT treatment of 69 patients with chronic pouchitis were found eligible for the review. (aau.dk)
Several studies have found that eczema is a shared risk factor for both these conditions. (plos.org)
The study also found that the proportion of these urinary metabolites varied considerably depending on whether the subjects had high or low acute exposures or whether the subjects had general environmental exposures (i.e., not agricultural workers). (who.int)
A study of pesticide urinary metabolite levels of farm worker children aged 1-6 found detectable levels of the metabolite atrazine mercapturate (Arcury et al. (who.int)

The purpose of this study was to understand barriers to early-stage lung cancer care at high-volume academic centers in the US. (ahrq.gov)
In the past decade, the number of ternational Union Against Tubercu- use on-arrival screening and assessment new cases of TB worldwide has barely losis and Lung Disease and the World to identify and manage imported infec- declined, and the number of deaths Health Organization (WHO) in 1994 tions such as TB. (who.int)

Some of the inconsistency in findings may be owing to differences in definitions of total meat, red, and processed meats and in the derivation of the meat content of meat dishes. (nature.com)
During follow-up, a total of 8,496 new-onset stroke cases were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
In total, 10 of 11 studies reviewed were conducted in juvenile population groups. (aap.org)
A total of 22 confirmed and probable case-patients were identified. (marlerclark.com)
In Ethi- novelty and reached the odd newspaper headline pri- opia, so far, a total of 492,848 cases were con- or to its identification as a global pandemic by the firmed with over 7,571 deaths [4]. (who.int)
A total of 20 elderly patients without neurological disease consisted the control group (CG). (bvsalud.org)

We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox proportional hazards models stratified by cohort. (nih.gov)

Laboratory studies showed severe iron deficiency anemia (Hgb: 91 g/dL, MCV: 60 fL, iron: 14 mcg/dL, iron saturation: 4%, TIBC: 369 mcg/dL, and ferritin: 7 mcg/dL). (hindawi.com)
It causes a respiratory illness, and is to severe and fatal cases. (who.int)

The current study evaluated the use of keyword search as an alternative method for rare epilepsy cohort creation using electronic health records data. (cdc.gov)
The initial combination method identified 1,862 cases with a rare epilepsy, and this method performed as follows: PPV median=0.64 (interquartile range, IQR=0.50-0.81, range=0.20-1.00), sensitivity median=0.93 (IQR=0.76-1.00, range=0.10-1.00), and F-score median=0.71 (IQR=0.63-0.85, range=0.18-1.00). (cdc.gov)
We identified over 50 individuals with two rare epilepsies that do not have specific ICD-10 codes for cohort creation (epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures, Sturge Weber syndrome). (cdc.gov)

For each case subject, four control subjects was randomly selected, matched for age (± 1 years) and sex. (biomedcentral.com)
Controls (n = 1083) were randomly selected from the Aberdeen Maternity Neonatal Databank, matched by year of birth. (biomedcentral.com)
We recruited cases from children receiving developmental disability services and randomly selected population controls from birth records. (cdc.gov)

In a prospective cohort from Sweden [ 8 ], the risk of HF was higher in stroke patients than in healthy individuals (hazard ratio 2.29). (biomedcentral.com)

Between Friday, August 23 and Monday, August 26, 2013, the San Francisco Department of Public Health Communicable Disease Control Unit (SFDPH CDCU) received eight reports of laboratory-confirmed Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 infection in unrelated San Francisco residents. (marlerclark.com)
On August 28, 2013, a Health Alert was sent to local clinicians notifying them of the observed increase in cases, recommending increased testing for symptomatic patients, reminding them of the reporting requirement, and requesting forwarding of E. coli O157 isolates to the SFDPH Public Health Laboratory. (marlerclark.com)
Other laboratory studies included WBC: 5.8, Plt: 269, and INR: 1.1. (hindawi.com)
These "dramatized headlines are based on one flawed study by an isolated Italian research laboratory, the Ramazzini Institute," Gelov wrote. (medscape.com)

however, previous prospective cohort studies failed to show any significant association. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between diabetes and risk of kidney cancer based on the latest available data. (diabetesjournals.org)
To date, a prospective cohort study from the Women's Health Initiative Study has used the DII to assess the association between post-diagnosis dietary inflammatory potential and survival of invasive breast cancer patients, indicating that consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet after breast cancer diagnosis reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease 18 . (nature.com)
The study did not find a discernible association of TEE in patients concomitantly exposed to dexamethasone and a DOAC. (ahrq.gov)
To study the association and its predictive ability, three models were created. (helsinki.fi)
We examined association of S1103Y (rs7626962) with SCD using a population-based case-control study of SCD Cardiac Arrest Blood Study (CABS). (lu.se)

A matched case-control study was conducted by record linkage. (biomedcentral.com)

A recent study characterized the prognostic value of adverse geometric characteristics of coronary lesions in predicting future acute coronary syndrome events. (medpagetoday.com)
While no common exposures or demographic characteristics were immediately apparent, cases tended to be younger, salad-eating, local-market shoppers. (marlerclark.com)

Studies on the mechanisms that regulate UGT genes, in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, should contribute significantly to understanding the basis for these differences. (aspetjournals.org)

Among the 58 records identified, four studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. (futurelearn.com)
A systematic review (SR) is a comprehensive survey of a topic in which all of the primary studies of the highest level of evidence are systematically identified, appraised, and then summarized according to an explicit and reproducible methodology. (rdhmag.com)

Drinking more than 4 alcoholic beverages per week reduces risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women by about 37% compared with women who drink less than 1 alcohol-containing beverage weekly or who never drink, according to the findings of a recent study published in the British Medical Journal. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
During the 7-year follow-up period, 197 cases of RA occurred among the 34,141 women participating. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
This places these women at risk of unplanned pregnancies in this high fertility, high unmet need for contraception cohort of women in rural Malawi. (bvsalud.org)

After discontinuation of cyproterone acetate for one year, the risk of meningioma in the exposed group was 1.8-fold higher (1.0 to 3.2) than in the control group. (bmj.com)
O f t hese 6 and 2 patients, we made a group of 8 case-patients with SIgMD. (psychiatrist.com)
This group was compared with 92 (27 + 65 ) patients without SIgMD matched to cases on age, sex, weight, mental health unit, diagnosis, and psychiatric medication. (psychiatrist.com)
Of these 6 and 2 patients, we made a group of 8 case-patients with SIgMD. (psychiatrist.com)
These studies have provided a relatively younger age group compared somewhat inconsistent support for an as- with industrialized countries. (who.int)
A case-control study and a dining group level cohort study were initiated to identify suspect food items. (marlerclark.com)
Cases (n = 361) were children born in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital from 1972 to 2002, inclusive, who developed type 1 diabetes, identified from the Scottish Study Group for the Care of Diabetes in the Young Register. (biomedcentral.com)
A matched case-control study was carried out, based on the linkage between two databases, the Scottish Study Group for the Care of Diabetes in the Young (SSG) Register and the Aberdeen Maternity Neonatal Databank (AMND). (biomedcentral.com)
There was statistical difference in the presence of associated oral pathology, denture stomatitis, between dementia and control group (p = 0.0213). (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms2

Diseases52

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment68

Psychiatry and Psychology9

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science10

Named Groups8

Health Care73

Geographicals29

Retrospective4

Cross-sectional5

Outcomes8

Clinical15

Methods8

Large cohort1

Analyses8

Participants7

North America2

20173

COVID6

Trials6

0.0011

Epidemiologic3

Observational studies3

Kaiser Permanente2

Conclusions2

Inconsistent results2

Prognosis1

Consortium3

Substudy1

Prevalence4

19981

Symptoms6

Questionnaires1

Results7

20204

20182

Incidence3

Risk Factors6

Early-onset3

RCTs1

Adults2

Mortality4

Objective2

Questionnaire4

Exposure14

Interventions2

Pulmonary embolism1

Abstract3

Geographically1

Tumor3

NSAIDs3

Contrast2

Epidemiological studies3

Design8

Investigate the association1

Found10

Lung2

Total6

Proportional1

Severe2

Epilepsy3

Randomly selected3

Sweden1

Laboratory4

Association6

Record linkage1

Characteristics2

Significantly1

Systematic Review2

Women3

Group9