Fibrotic interstitial lung. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pulmonary 5-HT 2B receptor expression in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. (lu.se)
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe condition in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis-ILD, where the underlying mechanism is not well defined and with no curative treatments available. (lu.se)
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) and other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (AE-ILD) is defined by significant acute respiratory worsening and new widespread alveolar damage. (sdu.dk)
This review will outline the role and characterization of pro-fibrotic macrophages in fibrotic lung diseases and discuss the possibility of treating lung fibrosis by preventing or reprogramming the polarity of macrophages. (novartis.com)
The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) frequently result in considerable disability and reduced survival in affected patients. (nih.gov)
HP is often difficult to diagnose because the clinical manifestations are nonspecific and the radiologic and histologic patterns can mimic those of other interstitial and small airway diseases [ 2 ]. (ajronline.org)
We used data from the INBUILD and INPULSIS trials to investigate the natural history of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). (ersjournals.com)
Comparing to other interstitial fibrosing lung diseases in horses, the lesions in EMPF differ remarkably due to their nodular pattern. (wikipedia.org)
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a heterogeneous group of diseases that involves inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. (jrheum.org)
Cryobiopsy has been recommended for diagnosing parenchymal lung diseases, including diffuse and peripheral lung lesions, because of its safety and high diagnostic yield rate [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Two recent systematic reviews have shown that cryotechnology in bronchoscopy is useful for the diagnosis of lung diseases, including interstitial lung diseases and lung tumors [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
TEL AVIV, Israel , July 7, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Galmed Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Nasdaq: GLMD) ("Galmed" or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company for liver, metabolic, fibrosis and inflammatory diseases, announced today results showing significant effects of Aramchol in pre-clinical model of both lung and gastrointestinal (GI) fibrosis. (prnewswire.com)
Despite the overall low incidence of fibrotic diseases, fibrotic tissue responses across different diseases have been estimated to account for up to 45% of deaths in high-income countries, causing socioeconomic costs of tens of billions of U.S. dollars per year ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders that are classified according to specific clinical, radiological and histopathological features. (ersjournals.com)
Although SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD) is associated more frequently with a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern, which is characterised by homogeneous lesions with predominant inflammatory infiltrates, some aspects of IPF and SSc-ILD suggest that these diseases could share some common features [ 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The aim of our research is to improve our understanding of the pathomechanisms of major debilitating and often fatal conditions, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis and fibrotic disorders of the lung and other organs, in the hope of developing future treatments. (ucl.ac.uk)
He is particularly interested in lung diseases leading to fibrosis, including those from exposures to foreign materials. (yalemedicine.org)
Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by reduced lung volumes, either because of an alteration in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus. (medscape.com)
Unlike obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which show a normal or increased total lung capacity (TLC), restrictive disease are associated with a decreased TLC. (medscape.com)
The first is intrinsic lung diseases or diseases of the lung parenchyma. (medscape.com)
The diseases cause inflammation or scarring of the lung tissue (interstitial lung disease) or result in filling of the air spaces with exudate and debris (pneumonitis). (medscape.com)
They include idiopathic fibrotic diseases, connective-tissue diseases, drug-induced lung disease, environmental exposures (inorganic and organic dusts), and primary diseases of the lungs (including sarcoidosis). (medscape.com)
Diseases of these structures result in lung restriction, impaired ventilatory function, and respiratory failure (eg, nonmuscular diseases of the chest wall, neuromuscular disorders). (medscape.com)
Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by a reduction in FRC and other lung volumes because of pathology in the lungs, pleura, or structures of the thoracic cage. (medscape.com)
Specifically, Kim is studying approaches to classify abnormal patterns in interstitial lung diseases in computed tomography (CT) images, as well as removing noise in CT imaging. (uclahealth.org)
My training as a physician scientist motivates me to seek new treatments for chronic lung diseases. (yale.edu)
Cytokine gene polymorphisms and BALF cytokine levels in interstitial lung diseases. (cdc.gov)
Overview of Interstitial Lung Disease Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by alveolar septal thickening, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and, if the process remains unchecked. (msdmanuals.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: The Role of Surgical Lung Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: Perspective from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation. (duke.edu)
Diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) requires a multidisciplinary discussion approach that includes clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. (duke.edu)
Take-home message: Our study suggests that interventions geared to improve peripheral factors of performance fatigability during exercise in interstitial lung disease may prove valuable to decrease patients' perceived fatigability, since both seem closely related. (hal.science)
Therapeutic strategies targeting pro-fibrotic macrophages in interstitial lung disease. (novartis.com)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the representative phenotype of interstitial lung disease where severe scarring develops in the lung interstitium. (novartis.com)
A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is recommended for all patients with fibrotic lung disease and acute respiratory decompensation. (nih.gov)
We evaluated 27 consecutive patients with fibrotic lung disease who were hospitalized for an acute respiratory decline between June 2006 and April 2009. (nih.gov)
An interstitial lung disease expert assisted with the acute care of each patient. (nih.gov)
Using a strict definition of acute exacerbation (AE) of fibrotic lung disease derived from the IPF Network Pulmonary Perspective statement, 10 of the 27 patients were classified as definite AE and nine as suspected AE. (nih.gov)
Patients with IPF showed a decreased rate of survival compared with patients with non-IPF fibrotic disease (1-year survival 0% vs 28.6%, log rank, P = 0.045). (nih.gov)
In patients with fibrotic lung disease and an acute respiratory decline, a detailed diagnostic evaluation revealed a potential infectious aetiology in up to one-third of cases. (nih.gov)
Interstitial Lung Disease refers to a large group of lung disorders that cause inflammation or scarring in the lung tissue. (stanford.edu)
[ 2 ] clubbing is a distinctly unusual finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its presence should prompt the clinician to search for other causes (particularly lung cancer). (medscape.com)
Drugs used to manage connective tissue disease (CTD) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (CTD-ILD) include nintedanib, corticosteroids, and antineoplastic agents. (medscape.com)
Nintedanib is indicated to slow the rate of decline in pulmonary function in patients who have interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with scleroderma. (medscape.com)
H ypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a diffuse granulomatous interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of various antigenic organic particles [ 1 ]. (ajronline.org)
The most contentious aspect of the new classification was the adoption of the histological lesion of nonspecific idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) as a distinct disease. (ersjournals.com)
The present authors contend that highlighting subtle histological differences between UIP and NSIP and using these to define separate clinical entities is incorrect and is hindering attempts to better understand the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
Connective tissue disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drug-induced lung disease, resolved acute respiratory distress syndrome and some cases of cryptogenic organising pneumonia may all produce a histological picture of NSIP 1 , 3 . (ersjournals.com)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is, by definition, a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease of horses. (wikipedia.org)
The disease affects usually adult horses reducing the ability to exercise as a result of the formation of nodular lesions in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Background Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has been associated with reports of rapid severe progression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). (bmj.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a non-neoplastic disorder resulting from damage to the lung parenchyma by varying patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. (bmj.com)
7 Following the introduction of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies for patients with RA, there have been a number of case reports and case series documenting either a rapid progression of pre-existing RA-ILD or the development of new-onset interstitial disease. (bmj.com)
To compare survival of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) versus idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD) versus other CTD-ILD followed at our center. (jrheum.org)
Newswise - (CHICAGO) May 16, 2022 - The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation (PFF) , the nation's leading pulmonary fibrosis research education and advocacy organization, announced research results from four studies examining access to care and outcomes for patients living with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). (pulmonaryfibrosis.org)
Current guidelines recommend nintedanib for PPF treatment for patients who have failed standard management for fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) other than IPF. (medscape.com)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe, chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial disease of unknown etiology, which remains an unmet need despite approved treatments which are limited by side effects. (prnewswire.com)
Clinical assessments of disease activity in immune-mediated rheumatologic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis (SSC)-associated interstitial lung disease usually include physical examinations and evaluation of functional parameters, as well as the patient's self-reporting of disease activity and quality of life ( 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory component, in SSC interstitial lung disease the activation of fibroblasts leads to excessive fibrosis of the lungs. (snmjournals.org)
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a large and diverse group of pathological conditions that share similar clinical, radiological and pathological manifestations, despite potentially having quite different aetiologies and comorbidities. (ersjournals.com)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents probably the most aggressive form of ILD and systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan fibrotic disease frequently associated with ILD. (ersjournals.com)
This schematic view of the morpho-functional unit of the lung (alveolus) depicts the main differences in cellular composition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) compared with normal physiological cellular components. (ersjournals.com)
ACE-1334 is under development for the treatment of pulmonary disease with fibrotic component and systemic sclerosis and its associated interstitial lung disease. (globaldata.com)
As the disease progresses, the alveolar septa become increasingly fibrotic. (medscape.com)
Overall, the improvements in biomarkers seen in the Phase 2 liver fibrosis trial reinforce our belief that these data may serve as a potential bridge to other anti-fibrotic indications such as PSC, providing additional evidence that CM-101 could be a valuable therapy for this potentially fatal disease that lacks effective treatment options. (stockhouse.com)
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and by a number of systemic manifestations, including those regarding the lung. (ersjournals.com)
Pulmonary involvement in pSS includes interstitial lung disease (ILD) and airway disease, together with lymphoproliferative disorders. (ersjournals.com)
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a group of respiratory conditions affecting the lung interstitium often associated with progressive respiratory failure. (springer.com)
AILDR is an important clinical and research tool providing a platform for epidemiological data that will prove essential in promoting understanding of a rare cohort of lung disease and provide foundations for our aspiration to standardise investigation and treatment pathways of ILD across Australasia. (springer.com)
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders characterised by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung interstitium. (springer.com)
If caused by parenchymal lung disease, restrictive lung disorders are accompanied by reduced gas transfer, which may be marked clinically by desaturation after exercise. (medscape.com)
The mnemonic "PAINT" has been used to divide the causes of restrictive lung disease into pleural, alveolar, interstitial, neuromuscular, and thoracic cage abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Therefore, it is influenced by any disease of the lungs, pleura, or chest wall. (medscape.com)
In cases of intrinsic lung disease, the physiological effects of diffuse parenchymal disorders reduce all lung volumes by the excessive elastic recoil of the lungs, relative to the outward recoil forces of the chest wall. (medscape.com)
She is applying these methods to develop an automated model of classifying and scoring abnormalities in patterns of interstitial lung disease, such as fibrotic reticular and honeycomb patterns, and ground glass opacity abnormalities. (uclahealth.org)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) that induces shortness of breath, 1 resulting in poor quality of life 2 3 and significantly shortened survival for most patients. (bmj.com)
We also are credited with linking intracellular DNA sensors and their ligands with numerous forms of interstitial lung disease. (yale.edu)
Bellerophon Therapeutics has announced top-line results from its phase 3 rebuild trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of INOpulse for the treatment of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD). (pharmafocus.com)
Integrating Genomics Into Management of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. (cdc.gov)
Silicosis is a lung disease caused by exposure to airborne silica. (cdc.gov)
Classically silicosis was considered a disease that caused stiff, fibrotic lungs and restriction (difficulty fully expanding the lungs). (cdc.gov)
Figure 1 shows that a high percentage of individuals with silicosis have obstructive lung disease (difficulty completely expelling air from the lungs) (30% in never smokers and 44% in ever smokers) and restrictive lung disease (42% in never smokers and 32% in ever smokers). (cdc.gov)
A number of systemically administered drugs such as Blemoycin, may cause Drug-Induce Interstitial Lung Disease (DIILD). (lu.se)

Unclassifiable ILDs, autoimmune ILDs, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, myositis, Sjögren syndrome, coal worker pneumoconiosis, and idiopathic forms of interstitial pneumonias (eg, idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia [NSIP]) are among the diseases that may develop a progressive form of chronic fibrosing ILD. (medscape.com)
The high-resolution CT and pathologic features of chronic HP frequently overlap with those of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. (ajronline.org)
Furthermore, in some patients the predominant histologic pattern is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) or usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). (ajronline.org)
Surgical biopsy, however, is often needed for the definitive diagnosis of both subacute and chronic HP and for reliable differentiation of chronic HP from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia [ 3 , 4 ]. (ajronline.org)
The ATS/ERS classification defines IPF as "a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown aetiology, limited to the lung and associated with the histological entity of usual interstitial pneumonia" 1 . (ersjournals.com)
Thus usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and IPF are now seen by many as synonymous terms. (ersjournals.com)
Risk of death or transplant was highest following hospitalization in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lowest in non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. (pulmonaryfibrosis.org)
Using published diagnostic criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in a population of individuals with clinically diagnosed ILD in the PFF Registry, researchers explored the relationship between CT pattern, fibrosis extent, and transplant-free survival. (pulmonaryfibrosis.org)
Some forms of fibrosis, such as acute lung injury or cryptogenic organising pneumonia, are at least partially reversible, whereas others, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are progressive and fatal. (ersjournals.com)
The term idiopathic interstitial pneumonia encompasses a wide range of different ILDs with unique clinical, radiological and pathological features. (ersjournals.com)
In this setting, IPF is defined as a chronic progressive fibrotic ILD, with unknown aetiology and a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), which is represented by heterogeneous lesions at different stages of evolution with foci of proliferative fibroblasts. (ersjournals.com)
Firstly, there are the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIPs) including Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), the most common IIP, along with idiopathic non-specific idiopathic pneumonia (iNSIP), acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) and respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD (RB-ILD), to name a few. (springer.com)

A pattern of diffuse alveolar damage and temporally uniform, nonspecific, chronic interstitial pneumonitis may also be seen [ 1 , 3 ]. (ajronline.org)
Associated with these foci of epithelial proliferation were interstitial particle accumulation and alveolar septal fibrosis. (ecetoc.org)
Lung anatomy includes the lung parenchyma, which carries part of the conduction system but is mainly involved in the gas exchange at the alveolar level. (medscape.com)

To date, only limited anti-fibrotic drugs are approved or are in development, most of which have restricting side effects. (prnewswire.com)
Aramchol is a partial inhibitor of SCD1 with distinctive, direct, anti-fibrotic activity demonstrated in several pre-clinical models. (prnewswire.com)
Galmed continues to assess Aramchol's anti-fibrotic effects also in kidney and skin. (prnewswire.com)
The new findings, together with the robust anti-fibrotic effects demonstrated in clinical studies of patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis could potentially enable Galmed to quickly transition to Phase 2/3 clinical studies with Aramchol in indications with unmet need and faster development pathways. (prnewswire.com)
Background: It is unclear whether continuing anti-fibrotic therapy until the time of lung transplant increases the risk of complications in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (wustl.edu)
Objectives: To investigate whether the time between discontinuation of anti-fibrotic therapy and lung transplant in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis affects the risk of complications. (wustl.edu)
5 medication half-lives) time between discontinuation of anti-fibrotic medication and transplant. (wustl.edu)
Results: Among patients taking nintedanib (n = 107) or pirfenidone (n = 190), 211 (71.0%) had discontinued anti-fibrotic therapy ⩽ 5 medication half-lives before transplant. (wustl.edu)
No differences were observed in surgical wound dehiscence, length of hospital stay, or survival to discharge between groups with a shorter versus longer time between discontinuation of anti-fibrotic therapy and transplant. (wustl.edu)
The frequency of other intra-operative and post-transplant complications did not appear to differ depending on when anti-fibrotic therapy was discontinued. (wustl.edu)

Unlike the other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, however, NSIP does not exhibit a clinical phenotype that distinguishes it from UIP/IPF. (ersjournals.com)
In addition to IPF, there are a number of other ILDs that may develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by declining lung function, an increasing extent of fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), worsening symptoms and quality of life, and early mortality [ 2 - 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
This decision hinges on whether the patient presents with a predominantly inflammatory or a fibrotic progressive phenotype. (medscape.com)
Additionally, genetics plays a role, with shorter telomeres indicating a more fibrotic phenotype and an increased risk of immunomodulatory treatment side effects in non-IPF ILDs. (medscape.com)
Thereafter, the lesions gradually became a chronic fibrotic phenotype with significant interstitial fibrosis and formation of granulomas. (cdc.gov)

In gross findings can be noticed pulmonary induration in all lung lobes as well as lesions restricted to the lungs and the bronchiolar lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
Cryobiopsy is used to biopsy peripheral lung lesions through flexible bronchoscopy with fluoroscopic guidance. (hindawi.com)
Eleven patients who underwent radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided bronchoscopic cryobiopsy for lung parenchymal lesions were enrolled into this study. (hindawi.com)
Endobronchial ultrasound is used to ensure biopsy location, and endobronchial ultrasound-guided cryobiopsy is a feasible technique to biopsy peripheral lung lesions in selected cases at institutions without fluoroscopy equipment. (hindawi.com)
During bronchoscopy examination, radial endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) is used to localize peripheral lung lesions, and the echoic feature can offer additional information on the structure of the lung lesions [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
To the best of our knowledge, the reports of cryobiopsy for peripheral lung lesions during flexible bronchoscopy are few. (hindawi.com)
The total lung volume increased significantly (p=0.001) and dose-dependently compared to Saline control, although the functional lung volume decreased due to development of lesions (oedema or fibrotic tissue formation). (lu.se)

2B receptor as a target in lung fibrosis, warranting further consideration in targeting fibrotic ILDs. (lu.se)
ILDs cause this interstitial space to become inflamed or scarred making it more difficult for oxygen to get into the bloodstream. (stanford.edu)
These three groups of ILDs have slightly different presentations, and different findings on the CT scans, lung tissue biopsy (if done), and bloodwork results. (stanford.edu)
Along with these clinical similarities, progressive fibrosing ILDs appear to share pathobiological mechanisms that may represent a common fibrotic response to tissue injury [ 6 - 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)

A recent classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias has redefined the diagnostic criteria necessary to determine a diagnosis of IPF. (ersjournals.com)
First, the 2002 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) consensus document on the classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (table 1 ⇓ ) has, the present authors believe incorrectly, altered the diagnostic criteria necessary for the diagnosis of IPF 1 . (ersjournals.com)

Generalized mixed interstitial and nodular pattern in the lung parenchyma, large radiodense opacity in the caudodorsal area of the lung and thickened peribronchial walls. (wikipedia.org)
The early phase response was characterized by rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the BAL lavage fluid and lung parenchyma, and increased deposition of collagen fibers in the interstitial space. (cdc.gov)
The lung parenchyma is further subdivided into lobes and segments. (medscape.com)
These arteries (except the thyroid artery) form a peribronchial plexus that follows the bronchial tree deep into the lung parenchyma to supply blood also to the visceral pleura and the walls of the pulmonary arteries and veins (vasa vasorum). (medscape.com)

If you undergo a lung biopsy, the pathologist can confirm a diagnsosi of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis by findings in the lung tissue. (stanford.edu)
Histologically, subacute HP is characterized by the presence of cellular bronchiolitis, noncaseating granulomas, and bronchiolocentric lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. (ajronline.org)
Lung examination findings reveal an interstitial pneumonitis made up of edema fluid, mononuclear cells, and lymphocytes with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (medscape.com)
dNonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. (medscape.com)
MMP2 Polymorphism Affects Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 Levels, and Correlates with the Decline in Lung Function in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Positive to Autoantibodies Patients. (cdc.gov)

1 2 Respiratory manifestations are common and include airways, pleural and interstitial disorders. (bmj.com)
Lung fibrotic disorders are characterised by accumulation of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to chronic respiratory failure. (ersjournals.com)
The many disorders that cause reduction or restriction of lung volumes may be divided into two groups based on anatomical structures. (medscape.com)
We are interested in exploring inflammatory mechanisms in the lung and systemically in common respiratory disorders. (ki.se)

Recent data indicate that macrophages play essential pro-fibrotic roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (novartis.com)

Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is currently the recommended standard in obtaining pathologic specimens for patients with ILD requiring a tissue diagnosis. (duke.edu)
The interstitium refers to the tissue area in and around the wall of the airsacs (alveoli) of the lung area where oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillary network (small blood vessels) that covers the lung like a thin sheet of blood. (stanford.edu)
The changes in the lung tissue can also cause a dry, hacky cough for some patients. (stanford.edu)
Connective-tissue proliferation and interstitial edema result in a characteristic spongy quality to the proximal nail fold-as if the nail were floating in the nail bed. (medscape.com)
In histologic examinations, a sharp border may be discerned between the fibrotic and intact lung tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Activated fibroblasts that are located in the lining and sublining of the synovium contribute to pannus formation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, whereas fibroblasts in the lung tissue react to stimulation by an excessive release of extracellular matrix, resulting in progressive tissue fibrosis. (snmjournals.org)
It was interesting to note that although exposed female mice demonstrated evidence of particle overload and pulmonary inflammation, unlike the exposed rats, high-dose TiO2-exposed mice were devoid of the fibro-proliferative and fibrotic tissue responses measured and observed in exposed rats. (ecetoc.org)
The Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair (CITR) is part of the UCL Respiratory collaborative network with close links to The Lungs for Living Research Centre (L4L) and The Centre for Respiratory Biology . (ucl.ac.uk)

Some of the medications that can cause an inflammatory reaction in the lung include amiodarone, methotrexate, some chemotherapy agents used to treat cancers, and nitrofurantoin (sulfa drugs). (stanford.edu)
Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic responses to carbon nanotube exposure in mice. (cdc.gov)
However, their small size and fiber-like shape make them respirable and potentially pathogenic, causing inflammatory and fibrotic effects in the lungs similarly to asbestos. (cdc.gov)
MWCNT administered to mice by pharyngeal aspiration elicited significant inflammatory and fibrotic pathology in the lungs. (cdc.gov)
A variety of pulmonary endpoints were investigated, including inflammatory parameters, cytotoxicity indices, lung cell proliferation labelling kinetics and histopathological alterations. (ecetoc.org)
In comparison, inflammation in hamsters was short-lived, likely due to the more rapid clearance of particles from the lung concomitant with the more protective, anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in this species. (ecetoc.org)
Specifically, the link between the inflammatory response and development of structural changes (remodeling) in the lung is of interest. (ki.se)
Fibrosis progression most often occurs in the long term, although the lung injury is initiated during the early stage with leakage of inflammatory cells and proteins from the circulation, into the lungs. (lu.se)
The increased inflammatory cells in lung increased at various time points, demonstrating how different immune cells dominated the different stages of progressive lung injury. (lu.se)

Furthermore, UIP and NSIP are frequently found affecting the same individual when lung biopsy samples are taken from different sites in patients with IPF 4 . (ersjournals.com)

Severe long-standing clubbing is characterized by interstitial edema and infiltration by plasma cells and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

Treatment with Aramchol resulted in statistically significant fibrosis improvement in a validated bleomycin model of lung fibrosis (IPF), comparable to Pirfenidone which is the gold standard treatment. (prnewswire.com)
Bleomycin, an anti-neoplastic agent that causes lung fibrosis in human patients, has been used extensively in rodent models to mimic IPF and serves as the standard agent for induction of experimental pulmonary fibrosis in animals. (prnewswire.com)
Results: MRI scans showed increased signal (oedema) at day 3-7 and again at day 21 (fibrosis) in the lungs of Bleomycin exposed rats. (lu.se)
Bleomycin induced plasma leakage in the lungs, showing significantly increased immune cells as well as proteins found in the lung lumen (assessed in BALF). (lu.se)

This inflammation and scarring also makes the lung a bit stiffer which can increase the 'work' of breathing and make you feel more breathless than normal, especially with exertion such as walking up stairs. (stanford.edu)
Lung inflammation and cytotoxic effects were noted initially in all three species at 50 and 250 mg/m3. (ecetoc.org)
BAL fluid biomarkers demonstrated that lung inflammation and cytotoxicity were apparent in rats and mice exposed to 10 mg/m3 uf-TiO2. (ecetoc.org)
In a cohort of 40 COPD-patients, 40 smokers with normal lung function and 40 neversmokers (Karolinska COSMIC study) we have made significant attempts, by performing bronchoscopy, to characterize inflammation and structural changes in various levels in the airways as well as in the systemic circulation. (ki.se)

The authors highlighted limited evidence for immunomodulation in fibrotic ILD, though such treatment is generally used except for ILD associated with systemic sclerosis. (medscape.com)
In systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the change in the trend of scleroderma-related deaths over the past 30 years demonstrates that lung involvement (both pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis) is among the primary causes of mortality [ 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)

IFN-γ Is Protective in Cytokine Release Syndrome-associated Extrapulmonary Acute Lung Injury. (yalemedicine.org)

Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) in lung fibroblasts: a determinant of aberrant mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk? (southampton.ac.uk)

Diagnosis is based on the PCR results and pathomorphological findings from lungs. (wikipedia.org)
The examination of surgical lung specimens and an integrated clinico-radiological evaluation allow the start of a complex differential diagnosis and prediction of survival, through the identification of different interstitial patterns [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is proliferation of monoclonal Langerhans cells in lung interstitium and airspaces. (msdmanuals.com)

2007), there are significant pathomorphological findings in lungs with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)

6 ] analyzed the histologic and clinical characteristics of chronic bird fancier's lung in 26 patients. (ajronline.org)
A recent double-blind placebo-controlled study showed that patients with SSc-ILD treated with 1 year of oral cyclophosphamide experienced a statistically significant improvement in lung function, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life compared with those treated with placebo 15 , 16 . (jrheum.org)
We enrolled 31 patients (17 men and 14 women) with lung cancer ( n = 7), breast cancer ( n = 5), gastric cancer ( n = 5), pancreatic cancer ( n = 3), other cancers ( n = 5), and benign tumors ( n = 6). (snmjournals.org)
Characterization of the patients is crucial and includes symptoms (questionnaires), lung function tests (spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion capacity, and impulse oscillometry), imaging (Chest X-ray and computer tomography), 6 minute walk test, echocardiography and blood chemistry. (ki.se)
For example, my lab was the first to report that monocytes from patients with Scleroderma associated lung fibrosis adopt profibrotic properties following DAMP stimulation. (yale.edu)
Methods: We assessed intra-operative and post-transplant complications among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who underwent lung transplant and had been treated with nintedanib or pirfenidone continuously for ⩾ 90 days at listing. (wustl.edu)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 promoter gene polymorphism and increased tumor necrosis factor serum bioactivity in farmer's lung patients. (cdc.gov)

bDiffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide. (medscape.com)
For any given outcome measure (eg, forced vital capacity (% predicted) and lung carbon monoxide transfer factor (% predicted), 6-min walk distance and patient-reported questionnaires), Pearson correlations were similar between pairs that included original SGRQ scores and corresponding pairs that included SGRQ-I scores. (bmj.com)

The section is organized into three different types of studies: human cancer mortality studies ( Section 3.1.1 ), studies of lung-retained fibers in humans ( Section 3.1.2 ), and laboratory animal studies ( Section 3.1.3 ). (cdc.gov)
We reported that the lungs of mice exposed to fibrotic stimuli, and humans with IPF, contain aberrantly activated macrophages that can be repolarized with innate immune agonists to attenuate experimentally induced lung fibrosis. (yale.edu)

Thus, M2-like macrophages in vitro and pro-fibrotic macrophages in vivo are not completely identical cell populations. (novartis.com)

Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space causing partial or complete lung collapse. (msdmanuals.com)

The anatomy of the respiratory system can be divided into 2 major parts, airway anatomy and lung anatomy. (medscape.com)

Having any of the above exposures does not necessarily mean that you will develop a lung problem. (stanford.edu)
For reasons that are not completely understood, some persons are at increased risk of having a lung reaction to exposures than others. (stanford.edu)
Just like the inhaled exposures, it is important for your physician to obtain a detailed medication history during your ILD evaluation, especially as it relates to timing of the medication with changes in your lung symptoms. (stanford.edu)
The authors noted that retained lung burdens following exposures were greatest in mice. (ecetoc.org)
Similar to the study effects measured with pigment-grade TiO2 particles, mice and rats had similar retained lung burdens at the end of the exposures, whereas hamsters had retained lung burdens that were significantly reduced. (ecetoc.org)
Lung burdens in all three species decreased with time after cessation of exposures. (ecetoc.org)

Sampling of biological material from the lung is performed by bronchoscopy where tissues and cells from the large and from the small airways are harvested. (ki.se)

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a better understanding of the anatomy of the airways and lungs, which will help the health provider to recognize and manage different respiratory abnormalities. (medscape.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms1

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Health Care7

Geographicals2

Diseases28

Disease55

Pneumonia12

Alveolar3

Anti-fibrotic10

Phenotype5

Lesions7

ILDs4

Classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias2

Parenchyma4

Pneumonitis5

Disorders4

Pathogenesis1

Tissue8

Inflammatory9

Biopsy1

Severe1

Bleomycin4

Inflammation4

Systemic2

Acute1

Fibroblasts1

Diagnosis2

Interstitium1

Findings1

Patients7

Carbon monoxide2

Humans2

Vivo1

Pleural1

Airway1

Exposures6

Bronchoscopy1

Abnormalities1