AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
CysteineCysteine-Rich Protein 61beta-KeratinsFibroblastsMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCornified Envelope Proline-Rich ProteinsLIM Domain ProteinsAntigens, ProtozoanMalaria, FalciparumProtozoan ProteinsPlasmodium falciparumCysteine EndopeptidasesFibroblast Growth Factor 2Cysteine ProteasesCells, CulturedFibroblast Growth FactorsCysteine DioxygenaseCysteine Proteinase InhibitorsCysteine SynthaseReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorCell LineSkinFibroblast Growth Factor 1Base SequenceDisulfidesReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1RNA, MessengerKineticsReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2Recombinant ProteinsCollagenMutationCell DivisionSulfhydryl CompoundsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedSignal TransductionCystineBinding Sites3T3 CellsTransfectionCathepsinsCloning, MolecularReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3Protein BindingOxidation-ReductionSequence Homology, Amino AcidGene Expression RegulationDNADermisCathepsin LCystatinsProtein Structure, TertiaryBlotting, WesternGlutathioneGene ExpressionCell Transformation, NeoplasticCathepsin BExtracellular MatrixElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelOsteonectinModels, MolecularTime FactorsProtein ConformationWound HealingPapainCell ProliferationMolecular WeightActinsKeloidEnzyme ActivationPhosphorylationEscherichia coliChick EmbryoSulfhydryl ReagentsFibroblast Growth Factor 10Collagen Type IGrowth SubstancesNIH 3T3 CellsProteinsMembrane ProteinsLungCell MembraneCell DifferentiationCell Line, TransformedFibronectinsDose-Response Relationship, DrugFibroblast Growth Factor 7Cell MovementEmbryo, MammalianDNA, ComplementaryCattleCell SurvivalStructure-Activity RelationshipDNA PrimersReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCell AgingCell AdhesionSequence AlignmentAmino Acid Substitution
Angiogenic inducerResiduesStromal fibroblastsPeptidesTyrosineExtracellular matrixLeucine rich rTumour cellsInduceCCN1EndothelialAcidicSPARCCytokinesCYR61SuperfamilyStructuralCapsidEpithelial cellsGeneAminoRepeatsGenesMetalloproteasesPhysiologicalMMPsRolesMalignantSerineFunctionalKinaseCollagenMoleculeCleavageMoleculesCleaveFamilyOriginsCellsMolecularTissuesSerumMRNARecent AdvancesMouseProcessesHuman
Angiogenic inducer1
  • Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or CCN family member 1 (CCN1), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Residues2
  • The number and spacing of cysteine residues are completely conserved among CYR61 (CCN1), CTGF (CCN2), NOV (CCN3), and WISP-1 (CCN4), and are largely conserved with WISP-2 (CCN5), which lacks precisely the CT domain, and WISP3 (CCN6), which lacks 4 cysteines in the vWC domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was isolated as one of several proteins that became phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed with the v-Src oncogene [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Stromal fibroblasts2
Peptides6
  • Due to their large surface area and ability to interact with proteins and peptides, graphene oxides offer valuable physiochemical and biological features for biomedical applications and have been successfully employed for optimizing scaffold architectures for a wide range of organs, from the skin to cardiac tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • Myokines are small proteins (5-20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and secreted by skeletal muscle cells in response to muscle contractions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • After the cleavage of the signal peptide, the protein is processed into various bioactive endogenous peptides, such as apelin-13, -16, -17, and -36 [ 3 ] , which are widely expressed in various organs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Similarly, bioactive peptides, which are specific protein fragments that are thought to have physiological health benefits, are good candidates for cosmeceutical components that provide enzyme-modulating activity. (dovepress.com)
  • Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
  • Alignment of the amino acid sequence of aprotinin with the Kunitz domains of human proteins allowed the identification and design of a family of peptides, named Angiopeps. (aspetjournals.org)
Tyrosine2
  • Furthermore, pyrin interacts with proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein (PSTPIP1), also known as CD2-binding protein 1 (CD2BP1), which is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein involved in cytoskeletal organization and thereby involved in immunologic cellular interactions. (medscape.com)
  • Among the range of proteins shown to co-localize to WPB is angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), a ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2. (imperial.ac.uk)
Extracellular matrix6
Leucine rich r1
  • Cryopyrin (also called NALP3, PYPAF1, or NACHT, leucine-rich repeat [LRR], and PYD domains-containing protein 3) is a member of the APAF-1/NOD1-like protein family, which regulates apoptosis and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Tumour cells1
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer pro. (blogspot.com)
Induce2
  • For example, CYR61 induces angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through αvβ3, and in fibroblasts promotes cellular senescence and enables TNFα to induce apoptosis through binding to α6β1-HSPGs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In healthy individuals, cryopyrin and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) interact via the oligomerization of ASC to induce both apoptosis and activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. (medscape.com)
CCN13
  • These proteins, together with WISP1 (CCN4), WISP2 (CCN5), and WISP3 (CCN6) comprise the six members of the family in vertebrates and have been renamed CCN1-6 in order of their discovery by international consensus. (wikipedia.org)
  • CCN1 has unusually high cysteine residue content (10% or 38 in total). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyr61, also known as IGFBP-10 and CCN1, is a 50 kDa matricellular glycoprotein that regulates the growth and adhesion of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. (rndsystems.com)
Endothelial2
  • CYR61 binds directly to various integrin receptors in a cell type-dependent manner, including integrin αvβ3 in endothelial cells, α6β1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells αIIbβ3 in activated platelets, αMβ2 in monocytes and macrophages, and αDβ2 in macrophage foam cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the aetiology of these disorders remains unknown, in this review we analyse the pathogenic mechanisms by cell of interest (fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and immune competent cells). (ersjournals.com)
Acidic3
SPARC2
  • Pretreatment of human lung fibroblasts with the microRNA-16 mimic decreased the expression of rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) and TGF-ß1-induced expression of SPARC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analyzing the protein expression patterns of Fas, FADD, caspase 8, CDC25B, fascin, CK14, CK4, annexin I, laminin-5γ2 and SPARC would be valuable to develop rational strategies for early detection of lesions at risk in advance as well as for prevention and treatment of ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytokines2
  • More studies must be conducted to discover the specific matrix proteins and cytokines that modulate the pathological remodeling process. (pitt.edu)
  • Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CYR613
  • CYR61 was first identified as a protein encoded by a serum-inducible gene in mouse fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Full-length CYR61 protein contains 381 amino acids with an N-terminal secretory signal peptide followed by four structurally distinct domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The four CYR61 domains are, from N- to C-termini, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) domain, von Willebrand type C repeats (vWC) domain, thrombospondin type 1 repeat domain (TSR), and the C-terminal (CT) domain that contains a cysteine-knot motif. (wikipedia.org)
Superfamily1
  • BMP-7, also called osteogenic protein-1, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of cysteine-knot fold cytokine-growth factors [ 18 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Structural3
  • Camelliti P, Borg TK, Kohl P. Structural and functional characterisation of cardiac fibroblasts. (pitt.edu)
  • This review critically focuses on opportunities to employ protein-graphene oxide structures either as nanocomposites or as biocomplexes and highlights the effects of carbonaceous nanostructures on protein conformation and structural stability for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (mdpi.com)
  • The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)
Capsid1
  • Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the simian rotavirus gene 6 that codes for the major inner capsid protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Epithelial cells1
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Gene5
  • We measured the levels of gene 5 and gene 6 mRNA and showed that they were not significantly different, and protein analysis indicated no difference in stability of NSP1 compared with VP6. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the nonstructural protein NCVP2 of bovine rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The method of tissue microarray (TMA), which could confirm the results of cDNA microarray on protein level, has been popularly used for gene expression profiling in many types of cancer including ESCC, but rarely in the consecutive stages of carcinogenesis, especially in the precursor lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • Oncogenic RAS expression increased S100A10 gene expression which resulted in an increase in S100A10 protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
Amino2
  • Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)
  • The transsulfuration pathway of methionine/homocysteine degradation produces the amino acids cysteine and taurine. (medscape.com)
Repeats1
  • As the main component, extracellular structure contains some cysteine-rich repeats domains marked as D1-D2-D3 in GFRα1-3, and D2-D3 in GFRα4 ( Figure 1 a ). (medsci.org)
Genes4
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • To better understand the host innate immune response to NDV infection in avian species, by using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method we examined the messenger RNA expression levels of immune-related genes in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) and duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) when infected with NDV of different pathogenicities. (biomedcentral.com)
Metalloproteases2
  • A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) comprise a family of enzymes that cleave protein substrates based on a conserved mechanism involving activation of an active site-bound water molecule by a Zn 2+ ion. (evelinvahter.com)
Physiological1
  • This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)
MMPs1
  • As with most protein families, deciphering the function(s) of MMPs is difficult, as they can modify many proteins. (evelinvahter.com)
Roles1
  • Understanding extracellular protein roles within this context would allow for specific drug targeting and thus prevention of heart failure in the early stages of the disease. (pitt.edu)
Malignant2
  • In this study, we are interested in investigating the expression of a variety of functional classes of proteins in ESCC and its precursor lesions and characterizing the correlation of these proteins with ESCC malignant progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cells that have acquired an invasive phenotype release proteases that attack and digest the protein component of the matrix that would restrict the movement of these malignant cells. (oncotarget.com)
Serine1
  • The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a stress-responsive kinase and sensor for reactive oxygen species, which can initiate cell survival through NF-κB signaling. (biologists.com)
Functional1
  • Dysregulation of the remodeling process resulting in the breakdown of collagen by matrix metalloproteinases is a hallmark of heart failure pathophysiology and produces functional changes encompassing all matrix proteins. (pitt.edu)
Kinase6
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • This latter effect was due to protein kinase C activation in that it was inhibited by sphingosine and was not seen with 4 alpha-PMA, an inactive analogue. (jci.org)
  • In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
Collagen2
Molecule1
  • 1993 ). Catalysis of protein substrates is (most probably) carried out via a general base mechanism involving activation of a zinc-bound water molecule by the carboxylate group of the conserved glutamate residue in the catalytic pocket followed by attack of water on the polarized carbonyl group in the substrate's scissile bond (Browner et al. (evelinvahter.com)
Cleavage2
  • These diseases were reclassified based on the innate immunity mechanisms and the inflammasome, a protein complex containing caspases involved in the proteolytic cleavage of interleukin (IL)-1 precursors to produce active forms of IL-1 (explaining the pathogenesis of fevers in these individuals) (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
  • The ADAMs responsible for protein cleavage are called sheddases . (frontiersin.org)
Molecules1
  • HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cleave1
  • ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Family2
  • Other highly conserved homologs were later identified to comprise the CCN protein family (CCN intercellular signaling protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • HGF forms a family with HGF-like protein (HLP), a unique protein with a domain structure similar to that of HGF ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Origins2
  • The origins of the fibroblasts and their activation remain debated and are probably multiple ( fig. 1 ) [ 8 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
Cells5
  • Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
  • This observation prompted us to characterise the cell-autonomous cytotoxic and anti-proliferative profile of gomesin in DFTD cells and in comparison, to non-transformed (healthy) Tasmanian devil fibroblasts (FIBS). (nature.com)
  • Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) has greater protein-sequence similarity to Cav-1 than to Cav-2, but it is expressed mainly in muscle cells, including smooth, skeletal, and cardiac myocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, VIP21 was isolated as an integral membrane protein component of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, suggesting that Cav-1/VTP21 may have a role in molecular trafficking as well as oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune-inhibitory protein expressed on cancer cells to mediate cancer escape through interaction with PD-1 expressed on activated T lymphocytes (T cells). (blogspot.com)
Molecular2
Tissues1
  • By controlling access to the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of proteins and potential drugs to cerebral tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
Serum1
  • Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) was discovered as a serum protein that promoted mouse macrophage motility ( 13 ), and was later purified to homogeneity from human plasma ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
MRNA2
  • The 5th exon also contains the 3'-UTR sequences, which has 5 copies of AU-rich elements that confers a short mRNA half life, and a mir-155 target site. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mRNAs are extruded into the cytoplasm where they serve as mRNA for protein synthesis and as templates for packaging and replication into dsRNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Recent Advances1
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
Mouse1
Processes1
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
Human2
  • Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes: Rheumatoid Arthritis (HFLS-RA) provide an excellent cellular model for studying synoviocyte physiology in relation to development and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (cellapplications.com)
  • Human apelin was identified and isolated in 1998 as an endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ and was named the APJ endogenous ligand. (encyclopedia.pub)