Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular hair-like appendages developed on the aerial plant epidermis of most plant species that act as a protective barrier against natural hazards. (bvsalud.org)
Genes5
For genetic characterization of rapid cell elongation in cotton fibers, ∼ 14,000 unique genes were assembled from 46,603 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from developmentally staged fiber cDNAs of a cultivated diploid species (Gossypium arboreum L.). Conservatively, the fiber transcriptome represents 35-40% of the genes in the cotton genome. (edu.sa)
Oligonucleotide microarrays revealed dynamic changes in gene expression between primary and secondary cell wall biogenesis showing that fiber genes in the dbEST are highly stage-specific for cell expansion - a conclusion supported by the absence of known secondary cell wall-specific genes from our fiber dbEST. (edu.sa)
During the developmental switch from primary to secondary cell wall syntheses, 2553 "expansion-associated" fiber genes are significantly down regulated. (edu.sa)
Genes (81) significantly up-regulated during secondary cell wall synthesis are involved in cell wall biogenesis and energy/carbohydrate metabolism, which is consistent with the stage of cellulose synthesis during secondary cell wall modification in developing fibers. (edu.sa)
KEY MESSAGE: NtCycB2 negatively regulates the initiation of tobacco long stalk glandular trichomes and influences the expression of diterpenoid biosynthesis- and environmental stress resistance-related genes. (bvsalud.org)
Diploid1
In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the large, dominant, nutritionally-independent sporophyte , which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Epidermal1
In the epidermal, palisade and cortex parenchymal cells of the vegetative organs, yellow-orange essential (lavender) oil is noted. (scirp.org)
Growth3
Early vascular plants only developed by primary growth , in which the plants grew through cell division of the plant body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Secondary growth developed early (the Devonian period, 380 million years ago) in the evolution of vascular plants, which allowed for cell division to take place in the active regions of the plant's periphery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Loss-of-function root hair defective 2 (rhd2) mutants have short root hairs that are unable to elongate by tip growth, and this phenotype is fully complemented by GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)-RHD2 expressed under the RHD2 promoter. (bvsalud.org)
Organs1
There were similarities in the arrangement and distribution of cells and tissues in the organs under investigation. (scialert.net)
Vascular3
The evolution of this vascular tissue allowed for an early dominance of these plants on land (first appearing 430 million years ago, during the Silurian period), giving them the ability to transport water and dissolved minerals through specialized strands of elongated cells that run from the plant root to the tips of the leaves . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Nonetheless, the number of layers of these cells and tissues (collenchyma, parenchyma, pericycle, sclerenchyma and vascular bundles) differed which is taxonomically important. (scialert.net)
Long3
Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. (biomedcentral.com)
The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we cloned the SlCycB2 homolog of Nicotiana tabacum, NtCycB2, and analyzed its effect on three types of trichomes, long stalk glandular trichomes (LGT), short stalk glandular trichomes (SGT), and non-glandular trichomes (NGT). (bvsalud.org)
Absence2
Our studies have shown that the presence or absence of trichomes can serve as an informative sign. (scirp.org)
Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. (scirp.org)
According to Stace (1980) , the anatomical structure of plants are useful in the taxonomic characterization of plants since they are less affected by environmental changes and therefore, highly conservative in taxa variations. (scialert.net)
Many asterid plants possess multicellular trichomes on their surface, both glandular and non-glandular. (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
In silico expression analysis revealed that rapidly elongating fiber cells exhibit significant metabolic activity, with the bulk of gene transcripts, represented by three major functional groups - cell wall structure and biogenesis, the cytoskeleton and energy/carbohydrate metabolism. (edu.sa)
Plant2
For this reason, evaluating the density of trichomes is a valuable approach for elucidating plant defence responses to a continuous challenging environment. (bvsalud.org)
However, previous methods for trichome counting, although reliable, require the use of specialised equipment, software or previous manipulation steps of the plant tissue, which poses a complicated hurdle for many laboratories. (bvsalud.org)
Structure4
Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. (biomedcentral.com)
The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. (biomedcentral.com)
In one aspect of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a fiber furnish layer and a cationic silicone layer discrete from the fiber furnish layer, wherein the cationic silicone polymer comprises one or more polysiloxane units and one or more non-pendant quaternary nitrogen moieties, is provided. (justia.com)
In still another aspect of the present invention, a single- or multi-ply sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention is provided. (justia.com)
Maturation1
Cotton fibers development can be classified into four overlapping stages: initiation, elongation, thickening of the secondary cell wall, and maturation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Textile industry2
Tetraploid cotton plants serve as prime natural fiber source for the textile industry. (biomedcentral.com)
On the global scale, cotton is not only one of the major crops, but also the most important plant producing natural fibers for the textile industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Cotton fiber1
The allotetraploid cotton species, Upland cotton ( G. hirsutum ) and Sea Island cotton ( G. barbadense ), derived from a natural hybridization event between A-genome and D-genome 1-2 million years ago [ 2 ], contribute over 95% of cotton fiber yield. (biomedcentral.com)
DEGs4
Here, we aimed to perform transcriptome sequencing to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in ovules of the cotton variety Xu142 and its fibreless mutant Xu142fl during early lint fiber initiation period. (biomedcentral.com)
GO enrichment analysis revealed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with biological processes such as transcription related biosynthesis and metabolism, organic cyclic compound biosynthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, and plant cell wall organization, with molecular functions involving transcription related binding, organic cyclic compound binding, and dioxygenase activity, while the upregulated DEGs were associated with DNA replication and phospholipid biosynthetic related processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the 490 DEGs annotated as transcription factor genes, 86.5% were downregulated in the mutant including the Malvaceae -specific MMLs , expression patterns of which were confirmed during the central period of lint fiber initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Through multiple comparisons between libraries, 1801 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which the 902 up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell wall organization and response to oxidative stress and auxin, while the 898 down-regulated ones participated in translation, regulation of transcription, DNA-templated and cytoplasmic translation based on GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular3
However, the functional analysis of these proposed cytoskeletal proteins and their mutants will require detailed analysis at the cell biological, molecular genetic, and biochemical levels. (bioone.org)
Although various omics studies have revealed molecular basis for fiber development, a better understanding of transcriptional regulation mechanism regulating lint fiber initiation is necessary to meet global natural fiber demand. (biomedcentral.com)
The present report focuses on the similarities and differences of transcriptome profiles between the two CSSLs and the recurrent parent CCRI36 and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of fiber development, and into further exploration of the feasible contribution of G. barbadense substitution segments to fiber quality formation, which will lay solid foundation for simultaneously improving fiber yield and quality of upland cotton through CSSLs. (biomedcentral.com)
Wall organization1
Investigation of the 16 genes enriched in the cell wall organization revealed that 15 were EXPA coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins1
AN - coordinate IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Acanthoma, Clear Cell MH - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing UI - D048868 MN - D12.644.360.24 MN - D12.776.157.57 MN - D12.776.476.24 MS - A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (nih.gov)
Involves1
In fish, thrombopoiesis involves the formation of thrombocytes without megakaryocyte-like precursors but derived from erythrocyte thrombocyte bi-functional precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Development1
Two peroxidases and four flavonoid pathway-related genes were identified in the "oxidation-reduction process", which could play a role in fiber development and quality formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Quality4
How to develop new cotton varieties possessing high yield traits of Upland cotton and superior fiber quality traits of Sea Island cotton remains a key task for cotton breeders and researchers. (biomedcentral.com)
Upland cotton possesses the characteristics of high yield and moderate fiber quality, while Sea Island cotton is famous as its premium fiber quality performance and low fiber productivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Facing the diminishing of arable land while increasing of human population, to develop novel varieties combining high productivity of G. hirsutum and excellent fiber quality of G. barbadense remains a preferential alternative in cotton breeding [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A common target aimed is the fabrication of small series of highly reliable professional quality PCBs with low investment. (trafassi.nl)
Process1
Overall, our data indicate that lint fiber initiation is a complicated process involving cooperation of multiple transcription factor families, which might ultimately lead to the reorganization of the cell wall and terminated cell division of the differentiating fiber initials. (biomedcentral.com)