• Zika virus, yellow fever, and COVID-19). (cdc.gov)
  • I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call: Update on Interim Zika Virus Clinical Guidance and Recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information related to Zika virus disease. (cdc.gov)
  • We would like to share some brief background about what we know about Zika virus and then describe CDC's inter - updated interim guidelines for healthcare providers. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus disease is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms of Zika virus are generally mild and last for several days to a week. (cdc.gov)
  • Other documented modes of Zika virus transmission include intrauterine and perinatal transmission, sexual transmission and laboratory exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally there have been reports of Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus in breast milk and sexual transmission of Zika virus will be discussed later in the presentation. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of patients with Zika virus infections are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • When symptoms are present, the most common signs and symptoms of Zika virus disease include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
  • Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
  • Les réunions ont fourni des informations actualisées de la situation actuelle et ont permis de convenir d'un ensemble d'actions à entreprendre par les pays afin d'améliorer leurs capacités de préparation et de réponse face à l'infection à virus Zika et ses complications. (who.int)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas was reported in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, infections have been reported among travelers visiting or returning to the United States, and these likely will increase. (cdc.gov)
  • The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Until more is known, pregnant women should consider postponing travel to any area with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In December, the Ministry of Health estimated that 440,000-1,300,000 suspected cases of Zika virus disease had occurred in Brazil in 2015 ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, Zika virus infections have been reported in returning travelers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is a theoretical concern that transmission could occur through organ or tissue transplantation, and although Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons who are infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • This update also expands guidance to women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, and includes recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant women and recommendations for counseling women of reproductive age (15-44 years). (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • No vaccines are currently available for Zika virus. (phila.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
  • Philadelphia-area healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize commercial laboratories when ordering Zika virus testing for exposed, symptomatic persons with health insurance. (phila.gov)
  • Contact PDPH at (215) 685-6742 for testing requests and to report suspected Zika cases who have had testing ordered. (phila.gov)
  • During this COCA Call, emergency providers learned critical information about Zika, such as how to identify people at risk for infection either through recent travel or through sex with someone infected with Zika, examine the importance of screening protocols, and understand likely symptoms, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Standard Precautions should be used to protect healthcare personnel from all infectious disease transmission, including Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • A collection of the most up-to-date and cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Women aged 40-79 years with suspected cases were more likely to test positive for Zika virus infection than those in males in the same age group. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • in all cases infection appeared relatively mild, self- sus monkey during a yellow fever study in the Zika forest limiting, and nonlethal ( 6 , 8 - 10 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • INTRODUCTION: Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • La maladie à virus Zika, comme toutes les maladies à transmission vectorielle, constitue un défi pour les pays du fait de sa nature complexe qui nécessite des compétences multidisciplinaires et une interaction forte et rapide entre les secteurs impliqués. (who.int)
  • Since the Zika virus (ZIKV) was first the health ministries of the 22 Members preparedness measures. (who.int)
  • Repelente corporal baseado no Líquido da Casca da castanha de caju - LCC com ação repelente contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti transmissor da Dengue, Febre Chikungunya e Zika Mazzetto, Selma Elaine A fonte original deste documento pode ser restrita, o que pode impedir que leitores externos tenham acesso a ele. (paho.org)
  • There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating infant brain defects and other neurological disorders in humans. (paho.org)
  • Pathogenicity and physical properties Dick, G. W. A. (1) A description is given of the adaptation to mice of two strains of Zika virus. (paho.org)
  • Zika is the name of a forest area near Entebbe, Uganda, where both strains of virus were isolated. (paho.org)
  • While mice of all ages tested are susceptible to intracerebral inoculations with Zika mouse brain virus, mice of 2 weeks of age and over can rarely be infected by the intraperitoneal route. (paho.org)
  • 3) Zika virus is highly neurotropic in mice and no virus has been recovered from tissues other than the brains of infected mice. (paho.org)
  • 7) The size of Zika virus is estimated to eb in the region of 30 to 45 mμ in diameter. (paho.org)
  • The virus has been called Zika virus after the locality from where the isolations were made. (paho.org)
  • 2) Cross neutralization tests indicate that Zika virus is not related to yellow fever, Hawaii dengue nor to the FA and GD VII strains of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus. (paho.org)
  • As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization [PAHO] link below for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission). (cdc.gov)
  • Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • However, Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior to illness onset. (cdc.gov)
  • However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC is working with states to expand Zika virus laboratory testing capacity, using existing RT-PCR protocols. (cdc.gov)
  • This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who are trying to become pregnant. (cdc.gov)
  • Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported previously in Africa, Asia, and islands in the Pacific. (cdc.gov)
  • About one in five people infected with Zika virus become symptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in tissues from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it is not known how many of the microcephaly cases are associated with Zika virus infection and what factors increase risk to the fetus. (cdc.gov)
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome also has been reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis who recently returned from affected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Before 2015, Zika virus disease (Zika) outbreaks occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with Zika virus and can spread it to people. (cdc.gov)
  • In December 2015, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a United States territory, reported its first confirmed locally transmitted Zika virus case. (cdc.gov)
  • These travelers have gotten the virus from mosquito bites and some non-travelers got Zika through sex with a traveler. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC is not able to predict how much Zika virus would spread in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • o We will maintain and improve our ability to identify and test for Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • o Zika virus can be sexually transmitted by a man to his partners. (cdc.gov)
  • o Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • West Nile virus is an RNA virus, a close cousin of Dengue , Yellow fever , St. Louis encephalitis and Zika virus , to name a few. (johansen.se)
  • As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Because pediatricians might be caring for women who are pregnant or who might be thinking about becoming pregnant, we also wanted to be sure they were aware of the link between Zika virus during pregnancy and microcephaly, other serious problems of the brain, and other problems in pregnancy," Rasmussen says. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Women who are pregnant should not travel to areas with active Zika virus spread. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pregnant women with male sex partners who have lived in or traveled to an area where Zika virus is spreading should either use condoms every time they have sex or not have sex during the pregnancy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In addition, exposure to pyriproxyfen would not explain recent study results showing the presence of Zika virus in the brains of babies born with microcephaly. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The Zika virus was first identified in a monkey in Uganda in 1947 and has been found since then along the equator throughout Africa and Asia. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • This has been highlighted by recently emerging viral epidemics and pandemics (Zika, SARS-CoV-2), and recurring viral outbreaks like the yellow fever outbreaks in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2016) and in Brazil (2016-2018). (pasteur.fr)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. (rjppd.org)
  • 2. Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings:345-349. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. (rjppd.org)
  • History and Emergence of Zika Virus. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika:An emerging teratogenic virus. (rjppd.org)
  • Has the threat of Zika virus outbreaks come to an end? (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus in Asia. (rjppd.org)
  • Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Zika Virus Infection in the Nervous System. (rjppd.org)
  • A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer, 442-448. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. (rjppd.org)
  • Chunpeng Yang , Rui Gong , Natalia de Val , 2019: Development of Neutralizing Antibodies against Zika Virus Based on Its Envelope Protein Structure, Virologica Sinica, 34, 168-174. (virosin.org)
  • CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, but Zika virus transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • So, tonight we're thrilled to have three scientists joining us this evening to talk about the latest news on the Zika virus outbreak and answer questions. (amnh.org)
  • Specific to Zika virus, we've just recently launched a large multi-country cohort study to follow 10,000 women beginning early in pregnancy and monitoring them throughout pregnancy those who symptomatically get Zika, those without symptoms who get Zika and those who do not get Zika. (amnh.org)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. (bvsalud.org)
  • 11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • 38 Neutralisation tests or an epitope-blocking ELISA can help identify MVEV-specific antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • In ADE, antibodies from a first dengue infection fail to neutralize a second dengue virus of a different serotype during re-infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • When a person is infected with the dengue virus for the first time, the immune system responds by producing antibodies specific to that serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • These antibodies will neutralize the virus and aid in its clearance, thus resolving the infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • For instance, infants born to dengue-immune mothers are at a higher risk of severe disease due to the presence of maternal antibodies, which can enhance viral infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
  • FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
  • Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses. (rjppd.org)
  • 26. Mohammed H, Tomashek KM, Stramer SL, Hunsperger E. Prevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies among American Red Cross blood donors in Puerto Rico, 2006. (rjppd.org)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
  • Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combined approach of screening vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies followed by testing the local tick population for TBEV allowed us to detect two new TBEV foci in the canton of Valais. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
  • Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • When we tested neutralizing antibodies to one virus against the other, we found a low protective response to both. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The researchers analyzed neutralization by antibodies but also identified other factors in the mice's immune system that could influence this cross-protection. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Conclusions Very few healthcare providers had IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, though a significant proportion of them had been infected with the virus. (researchgate.net)
  • After SARS-CoV-2 infection, people are unlikely to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against this virus. (researchgate.net)
  • As demonstrated in Table 3, there was no significant correlation between days of symptom onset to collection of serum and antibody index/ratio to suggest waning of antibodies during the time period tested. (researchgate.net)
  • This information is in contrast to a study in Wuhan, China that found 10% of patients lost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within weeks of infection (12) , although different serology tests were used in this case. (researchgate.net)
  • In the first phase test of the two vaccines, high titers of neutralizing antibodies can be induced, and strong CD4+ and CD8+ reactions are produced, accompanied by mild to moderate adverse reactions. (medicaltrend.org)
  • TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
  • Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, principally Aedes aegypti, which is also the principal urban vector of yellow fever. (cdc.gov)
  • 10) Adding to the concern of indigenous dengue transmission is the recent establishment in the United States of another known dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, which was probably imported in shipments of tires from Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with infectious West Nile virus-antibody complexes. (unicamp.br)
  • Aedes aegypti fed through chick skin membranes on West Nile virus-homologous antiserum mixtures shown by an anti-globulin neutralization test to be highly infectious complexes (in terms of plaque formation in tissue culture) failed to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • o An Aedes mosquito in the United States bites the infected person during the period of time when the virus can be found in the person's blood, typically only through the first week of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The Aedes mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus, plays a crucial role in transmitting the dengue virus, which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
  • It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Cultured Aedes albopictus cells (clone C6/36), persistently infected (PI) with dengue virus type 1 (dengue-1) were found resistant to superinfection with dengue virus type 3 (dengue-3). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Semliki Forest virus replication in cultured Aedes albopictus cells: studies on the establishment of persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characteristics of Aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with dengue virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • Convalescent treatments using INTERCEPT are also being applied to Ebola survivor plasma donations at Emory University, and platelet donations in Puerto Rico, which has dengue fever and chikungunya infections in their population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Notably, the cross-reactions could also reflect co-infections as these viruses are also endemic in the country. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • The majority (~75%) of infections in humans are asymptomatic, but a small proportion of symptomatic patients develops severe dengue characterized by rapid progression into shock, severe bleeding and/or multiorgan impairment, which leads to death if unattended or mismanaged. (who.int)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. (curehunter.com)
  • Routine use of mu-antibody-capture ELISA for the serological diagnosis of Coxsackie B virus infections. (medscape.com)
  • To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • So, in addition to studying viruses that cause diseases that you would recognize as being due to infection like pneumonia or hemorrhagic fevers or diarrhea or skin infections that you can readily see, we also study the role of viruses in autism and cancer and diabetes, a whole range of interesting conditions that you wouldn't think of as necessarily being due to infection. (amnh.org)
  • The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
  • The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
  • A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
  • Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
  • 1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
  • 9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks in the continental United States of chikungunya and dengue, which are spread by the same type of mosquito, have been relatively small and limited to a small area. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
  • In 2013, outbreaks resulted in 44 098 dengue cases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 39 222 cases in Malaysia, 10 548 cases in New Caledonia and 22 170 cases in Singapore. (who.int)
  • Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluorescence Reduction Neutralisation Test (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). (pasteur.fr)
  • One of the most effective prevention measures against YF is vaccination with the live, attenuated YF 17D substrain virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • YF vaccine is recommended for persons aged ≥9 months who are traveling to or living in areas with risk for YF virus transmission [CDC 2010]. (cdc.gov)
  • 20 Adverse reactions include local tenderness, and, infrequently, fever, "most= often [affecting] people who have had no exposure to the influenza virus antigens in the vaccine (e.g. small children). (faqs.org)
  • Dengue vaccine development has spanned many decades. (blogspot.com)
  • Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
  • When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates produce an immune response to the spike protein on the surface of the virus. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to pathogen neutralization, there are clinical trials in West Africa to test the effectiveness of using the INTERCEPT system to treat convalescent plasma from Ebola survivors, and administering the treated plasma to other patients still fighting an infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In developing countries with lower levels of health care access, the product is finding greater clinical and humanitarian trial opportunities due to high rates of collecting and using unsafe donated whole blood, low access to plasma and platelet separating equipment, and low supply of screening tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • 4) Cotton-rats, guineapigs and rabbits show no clinical signs of infection after intracerebral inoculation of late passage mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • Patients with World Health Organization-defined clinical criteria plus thrombocytopenia ( ≤ 100,000/mcL [≤ 100 x 10 9 /L]) or hemoconcentration (Hct increased by ≥ 20%) are presumed to have the disease (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Dengue Virus: Clinical Guidance ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • When the CNS is affected, clinical syndromes include aseptic meningitis, myelitis and encephalitis, which are clinically indistinguishable from similar syndromes caused by other viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory-confirmed arboviral illnesses lacking documented fever can occur, and overlap among the various clinical syndromes is common. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-neuroinvasive disease requires, at minimum, the presence of documented fever, as measured by the patient or clinician, the absence of neuroinvasive disease (above), and the absence of a more likely clinical explanation for the illness. (cdc.gov)
  • DHF is marked by the unique clinical features that differentiate it from common dengue fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
  • Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
  • Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • 1,2 Dengue presentation is broad and non-specific, which may confound clinical diagnosis. (who.int)
  • YF virus causes an estimated 200,000 cases of clinical disease and 30,000 deaths annually [WHO 1992]. (cdc.gov)
  • Virus genomics as a clinical and epidemiological tool. (cdc.gov)
  • Artemis Bioservices uses tailor-made and routinely developed assays for testing samples collected from animal studies and clinical studies. (artemisbioservices.com)
  • 33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
  • Other tests can be used such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization tests, electron microscopy, and virus isolation by cell culture. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • This was determined by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cultures using monoclonal antibody against a dengue-3 type-specific antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dengue-1 PI cultures stained with this antibody 3 days after superinfection with dengue-3 virus (m.o.i. of 2) had dengue-3 antigen in 0.1 to 1.0% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Control cultures infected with dengue-3 at the same multiplicity contained dengue-3 antigen in greater than 90% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A small population of cells was also found (about 1%) that contained type-specific antigen of both dengue virus types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some functions, such as neutralization, mainly depend on interaction of the Fv domain ( Figure 1A ) with antigen and are therefore predominantly Fc domain independent. (frontiersin.org)
  • This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
  • Control mosquitoes fed on West Nile virus--normal rabbit serum mixtures containing similar or smaller amounts of infectious virus were shown to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • Mosquitoes ingesting suspensions of West Nile virus previously incubated with Murray Valley encephalitis or Ntaya antiserum became infected at significantly lower rates (P = less than 0-05) than controls ingesting West Nile virus-normal rabbit serum mixtures. (unicamp.br)
  • Antibody has also been found in the serum of one of 15 wild monkeys tested. (paho.org)
  • Titers in acute and convalescent phase serum samples can reliably establish dengue virus infection and may indicate the specific dengue virus type involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 28 Indeed, by the time neurological symptoms develop, PCR testing of serum or CSF often returns a negative result. (mja.com.au)
  • A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
  • Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
  • It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
  • The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
  • Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
  • The human encephalitis cases might have been attributed to a flare-up of an endemic arbovirus ( a virus transmitted by a tick or mosquito bite ) such as St. Louis encephalitis , but the concurrent bird and mammal deaths suggested the human illnesses warranted further investigation. (johansen.se)
  • Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. (cdc.gov)
  • This leads to increased viral replication, a higher viral load, and a much more severe disease, resulting in DHF or even more severe dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Pleurodynia (formerly called Bornholm disease) is a form of viral myalgia defined by the sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain or abdominal pain, commonly associated with fever, malaise, and headaches. (medscape.com)
  • TWiEVO 95: Watering the viruses until they bloom November 14, 2023 Nels and Vincent discuss how the rewetting of seasonally dried soils, a critical event in Mediterranean grasslands that reactivates dormant soil microorganisms, leading to pulses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and is accompanied by a bloom of viral diversity, followed by extensive viral community turnover. (microbe.tv)
  • Development of a simple restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for subtyping of coxsackie B viruses. (medscape.com)
  • The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination. (utmb.edu)
  • Of primary concern is the risk of dengue transmission within the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are today at risk of dengue. (paho.org)
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
  • 13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)
  • 14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • It causes high fever and the typical flu-like symptoms seen in dengue and leads to severe bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and low platelet count. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Instead, they aid the virus entering host cells, enhancing its reproduction ability and leading to severe disease. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • It is an illness that affects infants, young children, and adults, with symptoms ranging from mild fever to incapacitating high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rash. (paho.org)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
  • The infection may be asymptomatic, or it may present with symptoms ranging from a moderate fever to a disabling high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rashes. (paho.org)
  • The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
  • Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • People with diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension have a greater risk of developing severe neurological disease from the West Nile virus. (johansen.se)
  • Patients who become ill with a fever and severe headache within a few days of a mosquito bite should visit their family physician or any health-care facility. (johansen.se)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
  • These mosquitoes are highly adaptive to the human environment, coupled with increasing urbanization and inadequate vector control, which has led to a surge in dengue transmission in urban and semi-urban settings. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • To sum up, the cause of DHF is multi-factorial, involving not only the dengue virus and its serotypes but also the human immune response, the vector mosquito species, and various ecological factors. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • Only Canada and continental Chile are free from dengue and its vector. (paho.org)
  • If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
  • While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
  • The cases were later confirmed as Marburg virus infection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Samples from both deceased and live cases were taken and confirmed for Marburg virus by the National Public Health Laboratory. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue surveillance and control. (who.int)
  • The Work Group also discussed and examined data on booster doses for travelers and laboratory workers in high-risk settings for exposure to YF virus. (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes might also transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • 4 , 5 MVEV also infects a wide range of native and non-native animals, 6 but the role of these species in maintenance and transmission of the virus is unclear. (mja.com.au)
  • Once an individual is infected with the virus, it can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact with the blood, secretions or other body fluids of infected or deceased people. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Larval ticks acquire the virus after feeding on an infected rodent, but this mode of transmission is relatively inefficient because the duration of infectivity to ticks is short (2-3 days) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • So, I'm going to begin by asking a series of questions that are general about the virus, its transmission and the risks, and then we'll open up the floor to your questions. (amnh.org)
  • Humans are considered dead-end hosts, meaning that even if a mosquito feeds on an infected individual, that mosquito cannot transmit the virus to another individual as can happen with the dengue virus . (johansen.se)
  • On 21 March 2023, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the United Republic of Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Matters Microbial #18: The Perfect Predator: Why Phage is Rage November 30, 2023 Today Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences at UC San Diego and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, will chat with us about how bacteriophages-viruses that attack bacteria-changed her life and are becoming part of our future. (microbe.tv)
  • These early reports drew up a set of priority actions to be criminated as vectors of ZIKV and other described the disease as relatively mild: implemented by the Member States and arboviral diseases, have been found in a about 20% of people infected with ZIKV WHO to enhance preparedness and re- number of countries in the Region in- develop mild fever, skin rash, conjuncti- sponse capacities. (who.int)
  • e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)
  • Case studies in cost effectiveness of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases: pulmonary tuberculosis, enteroviral meningitis, and BK virus nephropathy. (medscape.com)
  • Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • 7) Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported through- out the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, South and Central Pacific and the Caribbean. (cdc.gov)
  • ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • We tested a series of 2′-C- or 2′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 2′-C-fluoro-2′-C-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-deoxynucleosides, derivatives with 4′-C-azido substitution, heterobase-modified nucleosides, and neplanocins for their ability to inhibit ZIKV replication in cell culture. (paho.org)
  • Antiviral activity was identified when 2′-C-methylated nucleosides were tested, suggesting that these compounds might represent promising lead candidates for further development of specific antivirals against ZIKV. (paho.org)
  • Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod borne viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Combined with the dengue virus RNA amplification test, it can provide a diagnosis within the first 1 to 7 days of illness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, antibody detection may provide a complementary perspective, along with RT-qPCR testing, in the diagnosis of COVID-19 (24,25). (researchgate.net)
  • Symptomatic disease generally is mild and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or nonpurulent conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Arboviral myelitis is usually characterized by fever and acute bulbar or limb paresis or flaccid paralysis. (cdc.gov)
  • To demonstrate seroconversion, both acute and convalescent samples must be tested in parallel. (canada.ca)
  • Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
  • The behavior of Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Curlex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)
  • The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is specific and sensitive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The PRNT requires live dengue viruses for the test and is labor-intensive and expensive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This study randomly recruited 496 malaria-suspected patients who visited selected health institutions in Adamawa, Bauchi, and Borno states for malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • We tested 49 known coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients and 111 prepandemic stored serology specimens. (researchgate.net)
  • The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Although dengue is primarily a health problem of tropical areas, it is of potential concern to health care providers in the continental United States for two reasons. (cdc.gov)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
  • dengue virus-antibody immune complexes trigger release of vasoactive mediators by macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Detailed studies on innate immune responses in human myeloid cells with a variety of dengue immune complexes should proceed forthwith. (blogspot.com)
  • Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
  • PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)
  • These imported cases might result in local human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus in limited areas of the continental United States that have the appropriate mosquito vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • The increasing spread of the dengue virus worldwide and the high fatality rate of DHF make this disease a significant global health concern. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. (mdpi.com)
  • This virus spread across the entire continent very quickly, and covered most of North America by 2005. (johansen.se)
  • These requirements are intended to minimize the potential importation and spread of YF virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Theoretical models that examine how climate change will influence tick ecology predict that the TBE virus (TBEV) will spread to the north and to higher altitudes over the next decades [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I was fascinated by the speed at which a virus can spread, and the investigative efforts required to identify it. (wrfseattle.org)
  • Identification of dengue viruses from the Caribbean by plaque-reduction neutralization test. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An antigenic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus isolates by a plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
  • These guidelines include recommendations for the testing and management of these infants. (blogspot.com)
  • SAGE noted that future studies and surveillance data should be used to identify specific risk groups, such as infants or persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who could benefit from a booster dose. (cdc.gov)
  • All 16 laboratories testing Module A performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for both RNA and serotype detection. (who.int)
  • Of these, 15 had correct results for RNA detection and all 16 correctly serotyped the viruses. (who.int)
  • Detection of ongoing/recent dengue virus infection by both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological methods (IgM) was available in 15/19 participating laboratories. (who.int)
  • Detection of the TBE virus (TBEV) in local populations of Ixodes ricinus ticks is the most reliable proof that a given area is at risk for TBE, but this approach is time-consuming and expensive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 29 , 37 Most reference laboratories have developed in-house MVEV serological tests that can detect total antibody by haemagglutination inhibition, IgG by immunofluorescence assays (IFA) or enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and IgM by IFA or EIA. (mja.com.au)
  • The quality of our assays is continuously monitored based on trending of positive controls, participation in proficiency testing and performance of internal in-process audits. (artemisbioservices.com)
  • Circulatory collapse and multiorgan failure, called dengue shock syndrome, may develop rapidly 2 to 6 days after onset. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 2008, PAHO / WHO Member States established a Network of Dengue Laboratories of the Americas (RELDA), to strengthen technical capacities for diagnosing dengue. (paho.org)
  • The objective of this programme was to assess dengue diagnostic proficiency among national-level public health laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • This first round of external quality assessment of dengue diagnostics was successfully conducted in national-level public health laboratories in the WHO Western Pacific Region, revealing good proficiency in both molecular and serological testing. (who.int)
  • One of the strains was isolated from a pyrexial rhesus monkey which was being employed as a yellow fever sentinel and the other was obtained from a batch of A. africanus. (paho.org)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)