• 1077) introduced the concept of early programming induced by altered intrauterine environment related to the maternal or fetal protein restrictions, and induces epigenetic gene regulation, in the context of the developmental origins (foetal) of health and cardiovascular disease (Gluckman PD et al 2004;15;183). (redsamid.net)
  • This is later referred to as the DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Adult and Health Diseases). (iium.edu.my)
  • According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, environmental exposures in early life affects later life risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • Both pre- and postnatal environmental insults have an influence on developmental programming, leading to the development of hypertension in adulthood through a process known as "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There is limited evidence on how the classification of maternal metabolic syndrome during pregnancy affects children's developmental outcomes and the possible mediators of this association. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mediation models were used to examine the associations between the classification of maternal metabolic syndrome and child developmental milestones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results support the hypothesis that maternal metabolic syndrome classification during pregnancy is associated with some child developmental outcomes at age 5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alison's previous wet-lab research interests lie in adipose tissue regulation, obesity and developmental origins of health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • This paper outlined the successful purification and identification of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a protein, the developmental effects of depriving an embryo of NGF, and the discovery that NGF is also required for the maintenance of the nervous system. (asu.edu)
  • The idea that the nutritional environment we encounter in the womb affects not only our health at birth and during infancy, but throughout the rest of our adult lives, has come to be known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, or DOHaD (gotta love that acronym). (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • Proteomics analysis of biological samples has the potential to identify novel protein expression patterns and/or changes in protein expression patterns in different developmental or disease states. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • The developmental origins hypothesis proposes that under-nutrition in early life is associated with an increased risk of disease in adulthood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many human and experimental studies have shown the relationship between low-birth-weight and obesity, insulin-resistance and the MS. Recently studies showed that fetal IUGR is an independent risk factor for insulin-resistance that it is amplified by obesity in childhood. (redsamid.net)
  • The maternal diet habits or macronutrient intakes such as fast food or junk food eaters contribute to gestational diabetes and maternal obesity. (iium.edu.my)
  • Maternal malnutrition results in poor foetal or infant programming, which leads to childhood obesity and an increase in diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. (iium.edu.my)
  • We used a Japanese macaque model to investigate whether maternal obesity combined with a Western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring muscle insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This finding might be related to an increased prevalence of predisposing disorders, such as maternal age, chronic hypertension, diabetes, prepregnancy obesity, and multiple births [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Animal and human epidemiological studies have established that sub-optimal maternal diet throughout pregnancy results in offspring that are at increased risk of later metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Second, during certain critical periods, vulnerabilities are intensified to specific maternal and environmental exposures that can lead to obesity ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Growing evidence suggests that prenatal and maternal interactions and influences must be considered along with biological and environmental variables throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence that may lead to - or prevent - obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • Obesity is linked to in utero exposure to glucocorticoids, protein restrictions, and maternal diet and obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • In humans, low protein intake by women in late pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight, a marker of risk for obesity and other metabolic disorders later in life ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation, which leads to disproportionate fetal growth, programmes later coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The hypothesis states that coronary heart disease is associated with specific patterns of disproportionate fetal growth that result from fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation. (bmj.com)
  • According to an NIH summary, the main basis of the Barker hypothesis is that under nutrition in pregnancy impairs fetal growth or promotes disproportionate fetal growth, and as a trade-off these adaptations that promote survival in adverse conditions, lead to limited physiological functions and development of adult diseases (CMDs) of fetal origin. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • While it has been established that a mother's metabolic state during gestation plays an essential role in foetal early-life programming, less is known about the subsequent effects of this programming on a child's development beyond immediate birth outcomes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2 , 3 Although pregnant women can have other hypertensive conditions along with preeclampsia, preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension (or, in patients with existing hypertension, worsening hypertension) occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, combined with either new-onset proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) or other signs or symptoms involving multiple organ systems. (aafp.org)
  • Evaluation was done at term (30 days' gestation) assessing fetal survival, fetal membrane integrity and histology of the membranes. (researchgate.net)
  • It is diagnosed based on the blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more in two stages with the urinary protein of 300 mg/day or higher, after 20 weeks of gestation (2). (ac.ir)
  • The USPSTF found adequate evidence that the well-established treatments of preeclampsia result in a substantial benefit for the mother and infant by reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. (aafp.org)
  • Furthermore, severe PE is a major cause of maternal morbidity (i.e., stroke and liver rupture) and negative long-term outcomes (i.e., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus) as well as adverse perinatal effects, such as prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction [ 5 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • PE is a major cause of maternal mortality, preterm birth, and morbidity [1]. (studylib.ru)
  • Surprisingly, many of the epigenetic shifts that were observed in the mother were also transmitted to the premature female babies," said Skinner, based on a comparison of maternal DMRs with 136 DMRs of female children. (genomeweb.com)
  • Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
  • Thus, maternal diet and environmental exposure might increase the risk of breast cancer by inducing permanent epigenetic changes in the fetus that alter the susceptibility to factors that can initiate breast cancer. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • 9. Research from Moshe Szyf and colleagues has provided significant findings on the epigenetic influences of prenatal maternal stress. (sagepub.com)
  • Studying epigenetic mechanisms and environmental origins of cancer. (who.int)
  • A current hypothesis unifies these concepts where an altered immune response leads to disturbed placental function early in pregnancy with consequent syncytiotrophoblast ischemia and shedding of products that extensively damage endothelial integrity. (hindawi.com)
  • In summary, the current hypothesis for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is that an immunologic disturbance causes abnormal placental implantation resulting in decreased placental perfusion. (health.am)
  • In 2002, Barker, the father of the DOHaD hypothesis, published a paper suggesting that slow growth during fetal life and infancy - itself a consequence of poor maternal nutrition - predisposes individuals to coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension later in life. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • The programming of blood pressure, insulin responses to glucose, cholesterol metabolism, blood coagulation, and hormonal settings are all areas of active research.The BMJ's recent editorial on the fetal origins hypothesis stated that it rests only on the "very general" proposition that fetal undernutrition causes coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • Fetal nutrition and adult disease : programming of chronic disease through fetal exposure to undernutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, even though glucocorticoids are recommended to women at risk of preterm birth to accelerate fetal lung maturation [ 2 ], a growing body of evidence indicates that prenatal glucocorticoid exposure induces a variety of adult diseases, including hypertension [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Fetal exposure to the Chinese famine was associated with an increased risk of anaemia in adulthood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Male offspring of female rats with a history of fetal exposure to glucocorticoids also exhibit low birth weight and glucose intolerance - a multigenerational effect ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Important clinical conditions associated with increased risk include a history of eclampsia or preeclampsia (particularly early-onset preeclampsia), previous adverse pregnancy outcome, maternal comorbid conditions (type 1 or 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, renal disease, and autoimmune diseases), and multifetal gestation. (aafp.org)
  • Management strategies for diagnosed preeclampsia may include close fetal and maternal monitoring, antihypertension medications, and magnesium sulfate. (aafp.org)
  • Evidence has shown that an imbalance of pro-antigenic and anti-angiogenic proteins can be considered as a possible etiological factor in the development of preeclampsia. (ac.ir)
  • In this article, we review the current studies evaluating the association between maternal vitamin D status and vascular health, metabolism, placental immune function and the risk of preeclampsia. (ac.ir)
  • Worldwide, 25 percent of maternal deaths are related to preeclampsia (4). (ac.ir)
  • His principal contribution was the development of experimental models to test the hypothesis that variation in maternal nutrition during pregnancy could programme long-term health and disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • After adjusting for maternal, child, and environmental covariates, maternal metabolic syndrome classification during pregnancy was associated with children's LIT domain through direct effects of maternal metabolic health and indirect effects of cord blood markers (total effects), and COM and PSE domains via changes only in a child's cord blood markers (total indirect effects). (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is limited evidence from human studies on how maternal cardiometabolic health during pregnancy affects a child's cognitive and behavioural development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The USPSTF found adequate evidence that testing for protein in the urine with a dipstick test has low diagnostic accuracy for detecting proteinuria in pregnancy. (aafp.org)
  • The effects of routine supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes have not been investigated in the Middle East, where hypovitaminosis D is prevalent. (who.int)
  • Pregnancy is characterized by physiologic changes in mineral metabolism, to allow calcium accretion in the fetal skeleton [ 1-3] . (who.int)
  • Indeed, it is in anticipation to such requirements that maternal calcitriol levels increase during pregnancy. (who.int)
  • Because DNA methylation signatures are heritable and exist in almost all cell types, they afford researchers "a better genome-wide assessment" compared with studying individual genes or proteins and the opportunity to be studied in easily obtained samples, he added, such as the cheek buccal cells used in this study. (genomeweb.com)
  • The beneficial effects of DMF treatment include an increase in renal Nrf2 gene expression, reduction of oxidative stress, decrease in plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and renal soluble epoxide hydrolase protein levels, increase in the L -arginine-to-ADMA ratio, and activation of genes related to nutrient sensing and autophagy (e.g. (hindawi.com)
  • Syncytins are envelope genes of retroviral origin that have been co-opted by the host to mediate a specialized function in placentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have identified two pairs of envelope ( env ) genes of retroviral origin that have been independently captured by their host for a role in placentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it appears that on some occasions in the course of mammalian evolution, env genes from endogenous retroviruses have been "co-opted" by their host to participate in the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer, at the maternal-fetal interface, by mediating the fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is currently estimated that there are ______ human protein-coding genes although this estimate may be reduced over time. (sagepub.com)
  • It consists of general approaches on molecules (such as genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites) of which a cell, tissue or organism is made. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Investigation of the long-term risk for anemia associated with the Chinese famine will provide a unique opportunity to evaluate fetal origin of adulthood anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the second leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide 7 , 8 and may also lead to other serious maternal complications, including stroke, eclampsia, and organ failure. (aafp.org)
  • As FVC later in life, cardiovascular risk, type II diabetes mellitus and low-grade systemic inflammation are all associated with poor fetal growth, these other conditions may be partly responsible for the poor survival in those with low FVC. (bmj.com)
  • hypertension and vascular defects ( 8 , 9 ), altered fetal pancreatic development and structure ( 10 ), altered glucose tolerance ( 11 ), altered liver structure and function ( 12 ), altered gene expression ( 13 ), and possibly type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Barker hypothesised that adult disease has its origins in the foetal life while developing in the maternal womb, influencing the foetus' entire adult life and having multigenerational effects. (iium.edu.my)
  • Finally, in situ hybridization of rabbit placenta sections with a syncytin-Ory1 probe revealed specific expression at the level of the junctional zone between the placental lobe and the maternal decidua, where the invading syncytial fetal tissue contacts the maternal decidua to form the labyrinth, consistent with a role in the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, dysfunction in foetal programming is linked with higher susceptibility for immune function and cardiovascular disease from childhood and even into adolescence [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is feasible that disruption of retinoic acid signaling contributes to the pediatric lung dysfunction caused by maternal smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PE manifests with high blood pressure (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg) and proteinuria ≥0.3 g/L accompanied with kidneys and liver dysfunction and fetal growth restriction, often with edema [1]. (studylib.ru)
  • Iatrogenic preterm prelabour rupture of fetal membranes (iPPROM) remains the main complication after invasive interventions into the intrauterine cavity. (researchgate.net)
  • Recently were identified proteins in cervical-vaginal fluid that could be useful to predict preterm labor in asymptomatic women: thioredoxin and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Maternal WSD reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling at the level of Akt phosphorylation in fetal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and postweaning WSD and corresponded to modest reductions in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to controls. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. (thermofisher.com)
  • We recently found that resveratrol is also involved in mediating the nutrient-sensing signaling pathway for the prevention of maternal and postweaning HF-induced hypertension [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, we have also previously observed that DEX + HF induces hypertension concurrently with increases in both renal protein levels and the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH) in adult offspring, which is prevented by SEH inhibition [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)
  • The amount and composition of maternal micronutrients from different diets and supplements have significant short- and long-term effects on foetal and infant neurodevelopment. (iium.edu.my)
  • Those insults to the brain occurred during the foetal, neonatal or early post-neonatal periods, and although the specific mechanisms are complex and vary, all are related to cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, and reperfusion (Hilario E. Current Pediatr Review 2006;2:131). (redsamid.net)
  • Muscle glucose uptake and signaling were measured ex vivo in fetal ( n = 5-8/group) and juvenile ( n = 8/group) offspring. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing capability and tissue interaction of mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) in comparison to fibrin glue on punctured fetal membranes in vivo. (researchgate.net)
  • An in vivo method was utilized in order to determine any anti-implantation, early abortifacient and/or foetal resorption effects of these extracts. (who.int)
  • Concentration of individual proteins in the dialyzates obtained, closely resembled the composition of amniotic fluid. (researchgate.net)
  • These researchers found that simply by studying the composition of the maternal gut flora (influenced by nutrition, medications, stress, etc.) they could predict which children will be overweight by age 7! (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
  • A maternal diet high in fat also causes long-term harm to the offspring. (cdc.gov)
  • This study uses a cohort sample of 12,644 to 13,832 mother-child pairs from the UK Born in Bradford Study to examine the associations between maternal metabolic syndrome classification (MetS) and child development outcomes at age 5, using cord blood markers as candidate mediators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 causes high C-reactive protein (CRP), a maternal inflammatory marker that is associated with fetal brain involvement. (iium.edu.my)
  • If these investigations (CNMH/KEM) develop a strong correlation between the maternal adipose tissue signals and the development of altered metabolism of the children from obese mothers, then one has to consider various strategies for the prevention of this well-known phenomenon of the fetal origin of adult diseases. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Resolved proteins were then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Product # IB23001) by iBlot® 2 Dry Blotting System (Product # IB21001). (thermofisher.com)
  • It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
  • Estates in the Kandy SHS: area were selected for the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) i8 hisrne!3t in the Kandy SHS area and also because , out of the three island wide population sectors (viz. (who.int)
  • In 2012 he was awarded a DSc from the University of Nottingham in recognition of his contribution to research into the early life origins of adult disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholecalciferol is bound to serum vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and through a two-step enzymatic pathway involving 25-hydroxylase of the liver and 1a-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) of the kidney and extrarenal tissues, it is converted to the biologically active hormone calcitriol (1a,25(OH)2D3) [1]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Exposing fetal rats to high levels of glucocorticoids reduces birth weight and results in adults with high blood levels of insulin and glucose. (cdc.gov)
  • The fetal sacs of pregnant rabbits at day 23 were randomly assigned into experimental groups: unoperated (negative control), unclosed puncture (positive control), commercially available fibrin glue (FG) with decellularized amnion scaffold (DAM), mussel glue (MG) with DAM, or mussel glue alone. (researchgate.net)
  • Maternal smoking is a risk factor for pediatric lung disease, including asthma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ferrer, Mercedes BalfagГіn, Gloria Dexamethasone decreases neuronal nitric oxide launch in mesenteric arteries from hypertensive rats through decreased protein kinase C activation. (ehd.org)
  • Two different theories have emerged: (1) vascular-ischemic origin of PE and (2) impaired immune response [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Subsequent functional assays revealed that BA dose dependently inhibited VEGF-stimulated survival, proliferation, migration, and triggered apoptosis activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased the expression of proapoptotic protein caspase-3 and Bax, and suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, abnormalities in this pathway could mediate maternal smoking effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested whether maternal smoking disrupts retinoic acid pathway expression and functioning in a murine model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.05) decreased mRNA and protein expression of retinoic acid signaling pathway elements, including retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor beta, with the greatest number of changes observed between postnatal days 3-5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A murine model of maternal cigarette smoking causes abnormal alveolarization in association with altered retinoic acid pathway element expression in the offspring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One possible pathway that could mediate some of the lung abnormalities caused by maternal smoking is the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This can be accomplished by promoting maternal and child health, reducing malnutrition through the provision of high-quality complementary foods, encouraging a well-balanced dietary pattern, and increasing health literacy. (iium.edu.my)
  • The problem of protein energy malnutrition that affects millions of children in the world is firmly rooted in the cultural pattern, dietary habits and the general soci.o-economic condition of the people. (who.int)
  • The paucity of information on some aspects of these factors prompted me to under this study In this project the epidemiology of protein energy malnutrition :was studied. (who.int)
  • Currently, however, the mechanisms of lung injury in children exposed to maternal smoking have not been fully clarified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery that the APP gene is on the 21st chromosome[25] led to the hypothesis that the early and universal development of AD pathology is due to a third copy of the APP gene. (medscape.com)
  • Here we identified within the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus -which belongs to the lagomorpha order- an envelope ( env ) gene of retroviral origin with the characteristic features of a bona fide syncytin , that we named syncytin-Ory1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Often altered expression of a gene is not always causally related to a phenotype or a process and so a change in transcription is not always followed by protein synthesis. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Overall, 10%-15% of direct maternal deaths are associated with PE in low- and middle-income countries and the proportion is similar in high-income countries [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Early life origins of ageing and longevity. (wikipedia.org)
  • This specialized division allows most maternal components to be maintained in the oocytes for early embryo development. (bioone.org)
  • Unlike other IFP proteins, vimentin is expressed, along with desmin, during the early stages of cellular development. (thermofisher.com)
  • In the fetal period, from nine weeks after conception onwards, there begins the phase of rapid growth that continues until after birth. (bmj.com)
  • The main feature of fetal growth is cell division. (bmj.com)
  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling protein and growth factor implicated in a wide range of development and maintenance functions. (asu.edu)
  • The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. (asu.edu)
  • How the immune response can activate the cascade process is still unknown but it is proposed to act in synergy with additional exacerbating factors such as predisposing maternal and ambient factors [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Just as in the case of antibiotic resistance, new strains evolve within an infected immune-compromised person's body that produce a version of the spike protein that no longer binds with the acquired antibodies. (theepochtimes.com)
  • The mRNA vaccines contain only the code for the SARS-CoV-2 envelope spike protein, whereas the DNA-based vaccines both contain an adenovirus viral vector that has been augmented with DNA that codes for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (theepochtimes.com)
  • The mRNA in these vaccines codes for the spike protein normally synthesized by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (theepochtimes.com)
  • However, both the mRNA and the protein it produces have been changed from the original version in the virus with the intent to increase rate of production of the protein in an infected cell and the durability of both the mRNA and the spike protein it codes for. (theepochtimes.com)
  • Increased synthesis of SERPINA1 in the trophoblast leads to protein accumulation in fibrinoid deposits. (studylib.ru)
  • But a disadvantage is that those who have been exposed to natural forms of the adenovirus have antibodies to the virus that will likely block the synthesis of the spike protein, and therefore not afford protection against SARS-CoV-2. (theepochtimes.com)
  • This laid the foundation to link formal health care systems with for the Alma Ata Declaration and the sig- the communities, and intersectoral action, nificant improvement in maternal and child which are all needed to tackle what we now health in the second half of the 20th century. (who.int)
  • The effects are heavily influenced by the stages of foetal and infant development. (iium.edu.my)