Fetal fibroblasts fetal somatic cells clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we found that both the cloned embryo and the donor cell treated by TSA resulted in the highest development efficiency. (chinagene.cn)
Meanwhile, TSA can improve transgene expression in donor cell and cloned embryo. (chinagene.cn)
TSA improve transgenic porcine cloned embryo development and transgene expression[J]. HEREDITAS, 2011, 33(7): 749-756. (chinagene.cn)
When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
A pluripotent stem cell has the potential to form all cells of the embryo, but cannot form a placenta. (papersowl.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
A fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total, and as the fertilized egg divides all the cells in the embryo remain totipotent until the fertilized egg has reached the 8/16-cell stage. (biomedcentral.com)
In theory, and to some extent in practice, an 8-cell embryo can be divided into eight single cells, and each cell has the potential of generating an individual if implanted in a woman's uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
Blastocyst -A preimplantation embryo of about 150 cells. (cellmedicine.com)
Embryonic germ cells -Cells found in a specific part of the embryo/fetus called the gonadal ridge that normally develop into mature gametes. (cellmedicine.com)
Embryonic stem cells -Primitive (undifferentiated) cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types. (cellmedicine.com)
These cells give rise to the embryonic disk of the later embryo and, ultimately, the fetus. (cellmedicine.com)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)

A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
Similar to iPSCs NT-ESCs displayed clone- and gene-specific aberrations in DNA methylation and allele-specific expression of imprinted genes, similarly to iPSCs. (nih.gov)
The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
Mutation analysis indicated the presence of germline mutations in three genes and somatic mutations in two other genes. (frontiersin.org)
Efficient and stable expression of foreign genes in cells and transgenic animals is important for gain-of-function studies and the establishment of bioreactors. (chinaagrisci.com)
2.2e-16) with that of the wild type cells, indicating that the GFP knock-in did not alter the global expression of endogenous genes. (chinaagrisci.com)
RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
Applying MPTR to dermal fibroblasts from middle-aged donors, we found that cells temporarily lose and then reacquire their fibroblast identity, possibly as a result of epigenetic memory at enhancers and/or persistent expression of some fibroblast genes. (elifesciences.org)
Transcriptome analysis of AD-iPS derived neuronal cells revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with AD and with the constitutive as well as the inducible subunits of the proteasome complex. (biomedcentral.com)
The neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model. (biomedcentral.com)
The suppressor genes were then recovered from these virus sensitive cells, and their ability to restore virus susceptibility was confirmed by reintroduction of these cDNAs into the resistant line. (biomedcentral.com)
It is becoming increasingly apparent that mammalian cells harbor numerous genes that induce intracellular blocks to retrovirus infection [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
To probe the nature of the blocks in these mutant cell lines, we have sought to identify and characterize suppressor genes that override the restriction exhibited by these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify such genes, we have developed methodologies that allow for the selection of rare virus-sensitive clones arising after transfer of gene libraries into populations of virus-resistant parents. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation signatures, genes with SNA or CNA of CSEC216 and published ESCC cell lines were similar with the mutation spectrum of original ESCC tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes are sequences of DNA that contain instructions for the cell that must be carefully controlled because it is not always appropriate or safe for these instructions to be followed. (elifesciences.org)
The muscle disease facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the loss of the chemical tags that normally keep certain genes switched off in many cell types. (elifesciences.org)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

There has been one previous report showing that overexpression of Sirt6 in aged human dermal fibroblasts could improve iPS generation via regulation of miR-766 transcription [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, employing iPS technology, we derived and characterized iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts of an 82-year-old female patient affected by sporadic AD. (biomedcentral.com)

The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
2018). Development of bovine embryos in vitro in coculture with murine mesenchymal stem clls and embryonic fibroblasts. (sciendo.com)
Our study established the optimal TSA treatment on porcine donor cells and cloned embryos, 250 nmol/L, 24 h and 40 nmol/L, 24 h, respectively. (chinagene.cn)
Aberrant methylation of donor genome in cloned bovine embryos. (chinagene.cn)
Precise recapitulation of methylation change in early cloned embryos. (chinagene.cn)
To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
Even if these embryos were not permitted to mature to fetal stages, their ethical and political status became debated within nations attempting to use them for research. (asu.edu)
Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Duchi R., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Derivation of bovine fetal fibroblasts harboring OCT4-GFP vector and analysis of GFP expression in cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)
Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Screening of RFP expression and reactivation of oct4-promoter in horse cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)

Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
We identify the main binding sites of a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) protein in bovine fetal fibroblast cells (BFFs) with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). (biomedcentral.com)

Uncompleted epigenetic reprogramming is attributed to the low efficiency of producing transgenic cloned animals. (chinagene.cn)
Production of transgenic cloned piglets from genetically transformed fetal fibroblasts selected by green fluorescent protein. (chinagene.cn)
3] Watanabe S, Iwamoto M, Suzuki SI, Fuchimoto D, Honma D, Nagai T, Hashimoto M, Yazaki S, Sato M, Onishi A. A novel method for the production of transgenic cloned pigs: electroporation-mediated gene transfer to non-cultured cells and subsequent selection with puromycin. (chinagene.cn)
Cloned transgenic swine via in vitro production and cryopreservation. (chinagene.cn)
Through somatic cell nuclear transfer, we finally obtain transgenic cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Efficient method to generate single-copy transgenic mice by site-specific integration in embryonic stem cells. (chinaagrisci.com)
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic Oct4-GFP reporter mice with or without Sirt6 were used for reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. (biomedcentral.com)
It is, however, important to distinguish the use of bST from other biotechnologies, such as transgenic or cloned animals. (nationalacademies.org)

Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)
pinyin: Huá Huá, born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
Wikinews has related news: Healthy cloned monkeys born in Shanghai Since scientists produced the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep in 1996 using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, 23 mammalian species have been successfully cloned, including cattle, cats, dogs, horses and rats. (wikipedia.org)
1] Vajta G. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in its first and sec-ond decades: successes, setbacks, paradoxes and perspectives. (chinagene.cn)
6] Vajta G, Zhang YH, Macháty Z. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs: recent achievements and future possibilities. (chinagene.cn)
Human pluripotent stem cells can be derived from somatic cells by forced expression of defined factors, and more recently by nuclear-transfer into human oocytes, revitalizing a debate on whether one reprogramming approach might be advantageous over the other. (nih.gov)
Here we compared the genetic and epigenetic stability of human nuclear-transfer embryonic stem cell (NT-ESC) lines and isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, derived from the same somatic cell cultures of fetal, neonatal and adult origin. (nih.gov)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
Electron microscopy demonstrated that the CAL 27 cells treated with GEF under AAS culture conditions exhibited swelling of the cytosol and organelles with an increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, but without chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, whether and how other sirtuins, especially nuclear epigenetic regulator Sirt6, regulate mouse somatic reprogramming still remains exclusive. (biomedcentral.com)
The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)

Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Cells cultured as 3D were embedded as tissue blocks. (frontiersin.org)
The tumor is heterogeneous with meningeal tumor cells, mainly a mixture of fibroblast like cells, and neuroepithelial cells in a background of connective tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poorly differentiated progenitor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exacerbate hierarchical tissue organization contributing to cell hyperproliferation and therapy resistance. (amegroups.org)
Optical techniques for actuation and sensing provide instant parallelism, enabling contactless dynamic HT testing of cells and small-tissue constructs, not affordable by other means. (nature.com)
and altering cell and tissue characteristics for biomedical research and manufacturing. (nationalacademies.org)
Adult stem cell -An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue that can renew itself and (with certain limitations) differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated. (cellmedicine.com)
Bone marrow stromal cells -A stem cell found in bone marrow that generates bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells -Cells from the immature embryonic connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)

The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. (sciendo.com)
The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapeutic approach that reliably results in resolution of bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis. (haematologica.org)
in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Human embryonic stem cell -A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (cellmedicine.com)

The complex PDAC pathobiology is established predominantly through KRAS mutations and the associated cellular signaling that contributes to cell proliferation and dedifferentiation ( 5 , 6 ). (amegroups.org)
The CAISMOV24 line was assessed for cell growth, production of soluble biomarkers, expression of surface molecules and screened for typical mutations found in serous ovarian carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)

The scientists also attempted to clone macaques using nuclei from adult donors, which is much more difficult. (wikipedia.org)
That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable of differentiating into all adult cell types, while another may only be capable of maturing into one specific somatic cell type. (papersowl.com)
On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent study indicates that even adult humans might harbor cells resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-based therapies -treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues. (cellmedicine.com)

Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
The zygote and the cells within the initial zygotic divisions are considered totipotent (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)
Approximately five days after fertilization the totipotent cells have differentiated and started to form a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. (biomedcentral.com)

After the knock-in of a 2A peptide-green fluorescence protein ( 2A-GFP ) transgene in the last codon of COL1A1 in multiple porcine cells, including porcine kidney epithelial (PK15), porcine embryonic fibroblast (PEF) and porcine intestinal epithelial (IPI-2I) cells, quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, RNA-seq and CCK8 assay were performed to assess the safety of COL1A1 locus. (chinaagrisci.com)
In this study, the new epithelial ovarian cancer cell line CAISMOV24 was described and compared with its original low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
CSEC216 was an uncontaminated cell line, exhibited epithelial cell features with polygonal morphology and adherent growth as monolayer. (biomedcentral.com)

Use of progenitor cell lines can eliminate the need to culture challenging human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
Cells were transfected with the early B-cell factor-2 (EBF2) to activate progenitor cell differentiation and gauged the tumorigenic potentials of the derived cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
Mechanistically, EBF2 uniformly activates Pparγ-expression in pancreatic cancer cells and limits cell proliferation, whereas oncogenic drivers are expressed differentially in the progenitor cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of EBF2 in regulating PDAC progenitor cell differentiation and tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
The decreased progenitor cell pool indicates that Fgf2 is required for the development of a subset of cortical progenitors within the dorsal PVE, which in turn may differentiate into cortical projection neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)
Every cell type has its own unique needs when grown in vitro and stem cells are no exception. (ddw-online.com)
The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
As a result, an integrative (both cell-level and multicellular) view is essential, and current regulations need to be revisited (see Supplementary Fig. 1 overviewing the Comprehensive in Vitro Pro-arrhythmia Assay 5 Concept). (nature.com)
Cell culture -Growth of cells in vitro on an artificial medium for experimental research. (cellmedicine.com)
Embryonic stem cell line -Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years. (cellmedicine.com)
The spontaneous immortalization of primary malignant cells is frequently assigned to their genetic instability during in vitro culturing. (biomedcentral.com)
The in vitro culture was established with cells isolated from ascites of a 60-year-old female patient with recurrent ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
This cell line would serve as potent in vitro model for the exploration of the pathogenesis of ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)

In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
The use of mouse feeder layers and animal serum are particularly problematic in the culturing of stem cells for possible therapeutic applications. (ddw-online.com)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)

Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)

Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate underlying disease mechanisms, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow the generation of patient-derived neuronal cells in a dish. (biomedcentral.com)
The AD-iPSCs were differentiated into neuronal cells, in order to generate disease-specific protein association networks modeling the molecular pathology on the transcriptome level of AD, to analyse the reflection of the disease phenotype in gene expression in AD-iPS neuronal cells, in particular in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and to address expression of typical AD proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We detected the expression of p-tau and GSK3B, a physiological kinase of tau, in neuronal cells derived from AD-iPSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment of neuronal cells differentiated from AD-iPSCs with an inhibitor of γ-secretase resulted in the down-regulation of p-tau. (biomedcentral.com)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)
The advent of iPSCs has opened up the possibility to graft patient-specific cells which most likely would circumvent the need for immunosuppression. (lu.se)

However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
HR is inefficient in many cell types and thus a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) is often introduced by site-specific homing endonucleases or artificial endonucleases, such as zinc finger and TALE nucleases. (biomedcentral.com)
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a muscular dystrophy caused by inefficient epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 macrosatellite array and somatic expression of the DUX4 retrogene. (elifesciences.org)

Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
These syndromes have underlying poor placental trophoblast cell invasion into uterine tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Expression of DCT was absent or barely detected in retina tissues, various human ocular cells, and major organs. (molvis.org)
Although the LAT family plays important roles in the development and function of normal tissues, they are frequently increased in cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
A few of the cells in the inner cell mass will develop into the foetus, whereas the rest will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
Astrocyte -One of the large neuroglia cells of neural tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)

Oligopotent stem cells, though not often widely discussed, have the ability to differentiate into a few cells (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)
Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
However, progenitor cells can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. (ddw-online.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)

A spontaneous cell line-like cell culture with high percentage of stem cells has been established from a DIG tumor for the first time. (frontiersin.org)
Here we show that cell differentiation suppresses tumor formation. (amegroups.org)
We studied tumor cell signaling in the cell subsets to understand the tumor-inhibitory potentials of EBF2. (amegroups.org)
In contrast, Akt-phosphorylation, β-catenin, and c-Myc are repressed in the cells, presumably inhibiting tumor growth. (amegroups.org)
The tumor-promoting signals such as Akt-phosphorylation, β-catenin, and c-Myc were upregulated in the cells compared to the controls. (amegroups.org)
Cell lines from various tumor types have been developed for use as a tumor model for controlled laboratory studies. (biomedcentral.com)
The karyotype demonstrated tumor cell patterns with aneuploidy and complex chromosomal aberrations. (biomedcentral.com)

This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)

Alternatively, stem cell cultures can be grown on extracellular matrix extracts and supplemented with conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures. (ddw-online.com)

It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

Both cell types shared similar genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. (nih.gov)
The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization detected the expression of PRL not only in Leydig cells but also in germ cells, in particular in spermatogonia. (go.jp)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
These cells are commonly termed embryonic germ (EG) cells because they are derived from primordial germ cells found at the genital ridges in developing fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)

These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike previous attempts to clone monkeys, the donated nuclei came from fetal cells, not embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
They extracted nuclei from the fibroblasts of an aborted fetal monkey (a crab-eating macaque or Macaca fascicularis) and inserted them into egg cells (ova) that had had their own nuclei removed. (wikipedia.org)
The team used two enzymes to erase the epigenetic memory of the transferred nuclei of being somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)

2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries. (sciendo.com)
A number of celltypes come from mesenchymal stem cells, includingchondrocytes, which produce cartilage. (cellmedicine.com)

Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)

Trichostatin A (TSA), as an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, can change the status of histone acetylation, improve somatic cell reprogramming, and enhance cloning efficiency. (chinagene.cn)

In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)

Although studies have identified unique transcription factors in the selection of normal pancreatic lineages, the cells of origin and molecular mechanisms arbitrating PDAC growth are poorly defined. (amegroups.org)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)

Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)

A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)

For example, neural progenitor cells derived from a human ES cell line are easily propagated and require less handling than human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
Colleoni S., Broccoli V., Galli C., Lazzari G. "Peripheral and central neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (istitutospallanzani.it)

However, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ. (asu.edu)
Two such lines isolated from a parental fibroblast cell line, Rat2 cells, have been characterized in some detail [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hematopoietic cells are almost totally absent. (medscape.com)

In January 2019, scientists in China reported the creation of five identical cloned gene-edited monkeys, using the same cloning technique that was used with Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, and the same gene-editing CRISPR-Cas9 technique allegedly used by He Jiankui in creating the first ever gene-modified human babies Lulu and Nana. (wikipedia.org)

The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (Fgf2) is required for the generation of founder cells within the dorsal pseudostratified ventricular epithelium, which will generate the cerebral cortex, but the ganglionic eminences are not affected. (jneurosci.org)

Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
The qPCR results showed that the GFP knock-in had no effect ( P =0.29, P =0.66 and P =0.20 for PK15, PEF and IPI-2I cells, respectively) on the mRNA expression of COL1A1 gene. (chinaagrisci.com)
The protocol involves the transformation of pools of resistant cells by cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection for rare virus-sensitive cells, using multiple rounds of selection after infection by marked viral vector genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
The decrease in the number and size of glutamatergic neuronal population affects all cortical layers but is restricted to the frontal and parietal cortices without any change in the occipital cortex, indicating that Fgf2 is necessary to regulate cell number and size in the anterior cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)

The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)

Instead, for sporadic patient cells alternative strategies need to be evaluated. (lu.se)
Second, we used directly converted neurons from sporadic patient fibroblasts to study of age-related disease relevant pathology. (lu.se)

The invention also includes cells, cell lines, testing models and culture systems used in the methods of the present invention and differentiated cells produced therefrom. (justia.com)
As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nationalacademies.org)
Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)
In addition, the committee was charged with evaluating methods to detect potential, unintended, adverse health effects of foods derived from cloned animals. (nationalacademies.org)

focused on another gene called UPF1 because cells without the protein encoded by this gene have similar defects in nonsense-mediated decay as cells with active DUX4 . (elifesciences.org)

The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Misidentifying and cross-contaminations of cell lines also hamper the way of producing solid and reproductive data. (biomedcentral.com)

Microenvironment -The molecules and compounds such as nutrients and growth factors in the fluid surrounding a cell in an organism or in the laboratory, which are important in determining the characteristicsof the cell. (cellmedicine.com)

Moreover, an AD-related protein interaction network composed of APP and GSK3B among others could be generated using neuronal cells differentiated from two AD-iPS cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by histopathological changes, designated as senile plaques and fibrillary deposits, which ultimately lead to the death of neuronal cells in particular in the cerebral cortex of the brain [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Direct neuronal conversion of resident glial cells is advantageous since they are ubiquitously distributed brain cells able to self-renew and replenish their number, making them ideal candidates for endogenous repair. (lu.se)

Anatomy56

Organisms16

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Embryo20

Genes23

Dermal fibroblasts2

Embryos10

Bovine fetal2

Transgenic8

Nuclear15

Tissue18

Bone marrow7

Pluripotent stem1

Mutations2

Adult11

Totipotent3

Epithelial3

Progenitor cell8

Vitro13

Therapeutic7

Transplantation1

IPSCs7

Inefficient3

Tissues7

Differentiate7

Tumor7

Pluripotency4

Cultures1

Stem cell differenti1

Gene expression3

Germ3

Nuclei4

Mesenchymal stem3

Heterogeneous1

Histone1

Transcriptional1

Endothelial Cells2

Lineages4

Lymphocytes2

Populations2

Fetuses1

Donor cell1

Neural2

Parental2

Hematopoietic cells1

Identical1

Generate2

Expression4

Regulate2

Differentiation of stem cells3

Sporadic2

Methods4

Defects1

Regenerative medicine2

Reproductive2

Microenvironment1

Neuronal3