MembranesMembraneUmbilicalChorion and amnionFetusTissuePregnancyAllantoisYolk sacRate of fetalDeciduaMortality rateDiagnosisAnomalyAbnormalitiesAnomalies2019TrophoblastAmniotic sacChildbirth Model Set2020AbdominalGestationPelvis ModelEchocardiographyTrimesterEmbryonicBovineDefectsGraftsAbnormalityHemorrhageGrowthAmniotesChorionicUltrasoundInflammatoryPregnantClinicalIatrogenicImmunologicalNutrient exchangeEmbryoFluid contains
Membranes28
- The aim of this study was to determine the maternal or fetal origin of inflammatory leukocytes in fetal membranes from cases of chorioamnionitis. (nih.gov)
- Fetal membranes were collected from male preterm infants and chorioamnionitis was diagnosed histologically. (nih.gov)
- The fetal membranes - amnion and chorion - also contain stem cells and stem cell-like cells that can be isolated and banked for clinical use. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- We now know that some of the stem cells and stem-like cells of the placenta and fetal membranes have a vital role to play in this immunological switch. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- Regardless of their source, MSCs have potent immunosuppressive properties and MSCs obtained from the fetal membranes are no exception. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- SP-C mRNA was detected in mouse uterus, placenta and fetal membranes and in human placenta, amnion and chorion. (bmj.com)
- An increase in the expression of SP-C was detected in placenta, uterus and fetal membranes after LPS challenge. (bmj.com)
- SP-C mRNA and proSP-C were detected in mouse uterus, placenta and fetal membranes and LPS increased the expression. (bmj.com)
- In vitro Studies of Protein Transfer Across Human Fetal Membranes. (researchgate.net)
- Maternal sera were dialyzed in vitro across individual or combined fetal membranes to elucidate the functions of the membranes in protein transport. (researchgate.net)
- Iatrogenic preterm prelabour rupture of fetal membranes (iPPROM) remains the main complication after invasive interventions into the intrauterine cavity. (researchgate.net)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing capability and tissue interaction of mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) in comparison to fibrin glue on punctured fetal membranes in vivo. (researchgate.net)
- Evaluation was done at term (30 days' gestation) assessing fetal survival, fetal membrane integrity and histology of the membranes. (researchgate.net)
- The placenta is a fetal organ consisting of an umbilical cord, membranes (chorion and amnion), and placental body. (babymed.com)
- The ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of at term placentas and fetal membranes were studied. (karger.com)
- In both fetal membranes, but not in the placenta, the reaction was enhanced by arachidonic acid and inhibited by indomethacin. (karger.com)
- The results indicate that the ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the fetal membranes is specific for prostaglandin synthetase activity and that these tissues are a major site of prostaglandin synthesis. (karger.com)
- Full-thickness membranes were mounted on a Transwell device, constituted by two independent chambers, 1 × 10(6) CFU/ml of Escherichia coli were added to either the amnion (AMN) or the choriodecidual (CHD) face or to both. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, total RNA was isolated from fetal membranes resected from oligohydramnios pregnant women (OP) and normal amount of amniotic fluid pregnant women (Normal). (researchsquare.com)
- The fetal membranes include the chorion, amnion, and allantois. (repropedia.org)
- Healthy fetal membranes are required for favorable pregnancy outcomes. (repropedia.org)
- In 1910 foetal membranes were first used for transplantation and. (thepmfajournal.com)
- 14. Ravishanker R, Bath AS, Roy R. "Amnion Bank" -the use of long term glycerol preserved amniotic membranes in the management of superficial and superficial partial thickness burns. (org.pk)
- Matrion's inclusion of the amnion, chorion and trophoblast layers results in a graft that is up to four times thicker than the Amniotic and Chorionic membranes. (lifenethealth.org)
- mRNA and Protein Expression in Human Fetal Membrane Cells: Potential Biomarkers for Preterm Prelabor Rupture of the Fetal Membranes? (arcedi.com)
- Clinically, unique markers in fetal membrane cells may contribute to the search for biomarkers for preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM) in maternal blood. (arcedi.com)
- pPROM is associated with overwhelming inflammation and premature cellular senescence causing "biological microfractures" of the fetal membranes. (arcedi.com)
- We have (1), by their transcriptomic profile, identified markers that are upregulated in amnion and chorion tissue compared to maternal white blood cells, and (2), by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the localization of the differentially expressed proteins in fetal membranes, placenta, and the placental bed of the uterus. (arcedi.com)
Membrane15
- The amnion (PL: amnions or amnia) is a membrane that closely covers the human and various other embryos when first formed. (wikipedia.org)
- The amnion and chorion ("amnion" hereafter) form a membrane that surrounds the baby during pregnancy and plays an important role in protecting the baby from physical and immunological damage. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- The amniotic fluid is liquid made by the fetus and the amnion (the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta) that protects the fetus from injury and helps regulate the temperature of the fetus. (valleypres.org)
- The fetal blood vessels are separated from the mother's blood supply by a thin membrane. (valleypres.org)
- A fetal membrane is the tissue surrounding the fetus that works to protect, nourish, and assist in the excretion and respiration of the developing fetus. (repropedia.org)
- 8. Bapat CV, Kothary PM. Preliminary report on acceleration of wound healing by amnion membrane graft. (org.pk)
- Function and failure of fetal membrane: Modelling the mechanics of the chorion and amnion. (lifenethealth.org)
- TR-004-2020 Characterization of the Amnion, Chorion, and Trophoblast Layers of Decellularized and Freeze-Dried Placental Membrane. (lifenethealth.org)
- Amnion Patch, Single Layer is a traditional amnion allograft derived from the amnion layer of the placental membrane. (henslersurgical.com)
- Amnion Patch, Multi-Layer is a flexible allograft derived from the placental membrane, offering improved handling and increased workability. (henslersurgical.com)
- We hypothesize that these pathological processes are associated with the shedding of fetal membrane cells into the maternal circulation. (arcedi.com)
- The aim of this study was to identify markers expressed exclusively in fetal membrane cells to facilitate their isolation, characterization, and determination of biomarker potential in maternal blood. (arcedi.com)
- All but two transcripts were expressed both on mRNA and protein level in at least one fetal membrane cell type. (arcedi.com)
- Amniotic membrane, or amnion, is the innermost layer of the placenta and consists of a thick basement membrane and an avascular stromal matrix. (eyewiki.org)
- Live fetal membrane, which included both amnion and chorion, was first documented by De Rotth in 1940 for use in conjunctival reconstruction. (eyewiki.org)
Umbilical10
- In elephants, "The amnion is continued from the base of the umbilical cord upon the allantois, which is of considerable size, and is so interposed between the chorion and amnios, as to prevent any part of the amnios attaining the inner surface of the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein expression was investigated in cells of the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord. (news-medical.net)
- In addition, SARS-CoV-2 was present sparsely in the placental, umbilical cord and amniotic tissues, indicating SARS-CoV-2 presence in maternal and fetal tissues. (news-medical.net)
- A more recent definition of fetal death, according to the US National Center for Health Statistics, is the delivery of a fetus showing no signs of life as indicated by the absence of breathing, heartbeats, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movements of voluntary muscles. (medscape.com)
- There were small residues of radioactivity in umbilical cords, amnion, yolk sac, maternal lens, and maternal Harder's gland and maternal liver. (europa.eu)
- The only sites of retention of radioactivity after 24 hr (excluding renal and hepatic) were in umbilical cords, amnion, yolk sac, maternal lens, maternal Harder's gland, and maternal liver. (europa.eu)
- The least lucky kind is MoMo-the twins share a single amnion and chorion and, like kids in the same bed, cause each other no end of fetal distress, including one strangling on the other's umbilical cord, one stealing nourishment from the other, etc. (chicagoreader.com)
- You can place the Fetal Model inside the simulated amniotic sac, and the umbilical cord attaches to the model's simulated belly button. (birthinternational.com)
- Fetal blood vessels grow from the umbilical cord into these villi, exchanging nourishment and waste products with the mother's blood. (valleypres.org)
- Amnion Patch, Cord is a maximum natural thickness allograft derived from the umbilical cord. (henslersurgical.com)
Chorion and amnion4
- Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for X and Y chromosomes was used to determine the gender of infiltrating leukocytes in the chorion and amnion. (nih.gov)
- Leukocytes present in the chorion and amnion were labelled XX, indicating maternal origin, and these cells were immunoreactive for the leukocyte marker CD45 but not for vimentin or cytokeratin-7. (nih.gov)
- All other cells in the chorion and amnion were labelled XY and of fetal origin. (nih.gov)
- Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in the chorion and amnion compared to the placenta. (karger.com)
Fetus12
- That some of the liquor amnii is swallowed by the fetus is proved by the fact that epidermal debris and hairs have been found among the contents of the fetal alimentary canal. (wikipedia.org)
- Extra-amniotic pregnancy is a rare condition that results from a rupture of the amnion, leading to development of the fetus within the extraembryonic coelom. (wikipedia.org)
- The loss of a fetus at any stage is a fetal demise. (medscape.com)
- COMPLETE FETAL A - V BLOCK AA A A A At the time of diagnosis of heart block in FETUS maternal dexamethasone (4 or 8 mg/d for 2 weeks, Then 4 mg/day should be initiated maintained for the duration of the pregnancy, tapering at times (2 mg/d) in the third trimester. (slideshare.net)
- COMPLETE FETAL A - V BLOCK AA A A A In the presence of maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies , there are no known markers that will predict which fetus will develop an AV conduction defect. (slideshare.net)
- The issue with identical twins is the number of chorions and amnions, the two layers of the sac surrounding the fetus. (chicagoreader.com)
- During normal pregnancy, the fetus grows and develops in an immunologically privileged environment, part of this privilege is associated with the intrinsic capacity of the maternal-fetal interface to respond promptly and efficiently to any immunological challenge [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Made of durable beige cloth to represent a fetus with beige skin tone, the included cloth Fetal Model can demonstrate any presentation or position. (healthedco.com)
- Amniotic fluid is critical for a healthy pregnancy because it allows for fetal movements and it protects the fetus from trauma by acting as a physical cushion. (researchsquare.com)
- Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. (alevtoker.com)
- Fetal-growth retardation (): Inadequate growth of the fetus during the last stages of pregnancy. (alevtoker.com)
- The fetus should be monitored every 4 weeks with growth scans, but the true abdominal circumference may be difficult to measure, and so fetal growth restriction may be difficult to diagnose. (clinicalgate.com)
Tissue13
- One hypothesis is that, in addition from fetal tissue. (cdc.gov)
- The MSCs represent less than 1% of the cells present in the placenta, while the average yield of MSCs from chorions and amnions is between 1 to 10 million per gram of tissue. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- No radioactivity was retained in any other fetal tissue. (europa.eu)
- There was no retention in any fetal tissue. (europa.eu)
- In recent years, the structure and function of the amnion have been investigated, particularly the pluripotent properties of AM cells, which are an attractive source for tissue transplantation. (primepositionseo.com)
- Due to its fetal origin, the innate capability of the tissue supports regenerative rather than scar-mediated healing. (henslersurgical.com)
- Amniotic tissue acts as an immune-privileged protective barrier during fetal development. (henslersurgical.com)
- Our Amnion Patches' proprietary process preserves the natural regenerative healing properties of the tissue and the endogenous growth factors and cytokines responsible for promoting healthy epithelial tissue formation while inhibiting fibrogenesis. (henslersurgical.com)
- Tissue for the Infinity Amnion Patches are recovered and processed under aseptic conditions and are terminally sterilized using validated E-beam irradiation. (henslersurgical.com)
- The Amnion Patches are intended for use as a soft tissue barrier or wound covering. (henslersurgical.com)
- Infinity Amnion Patch, Single Layer is ideal for use in a number of surgical and soft tissue applications. (henslersurgical.com)
- The use of gametes, embryonic and fetal tissue as well as blood and blood products raises additional questions that need to be separately addressed. (who.int)
- Amniotic band syndrome occurs when the inner lining of this sac, called the amnion, tears, causing strands of tissue to wrap around your unborn baby. (barnesjewish.org)
Pregnancy12
- First, changes in immunity and physiol- immunologic tolerance to paternally derived fetal antigens ogy during pregnancy may make pregnant women more is achieved despite an apparently adequate maternal susceptible to or more severely affected by infectious dis- defense against infection. (cdc.gov)
- These changes are known to occur immunology of pregnancy and the effects of emerging locally at the maternal-fetal interface but may also affect infectious diseases on the pregnant woman. (cdc.gov)
- Emerging Infections and Pregnancy and chorion), collectively described as the maternal-fetal costimulatory molecules present during activation of the T- interface. (cdc.gov)
- this interaction takes place at the maternal-fetal interface and is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- The HLA-G molecule plays a major role in immune tolerance during pregnancy, particularly at the maternal-fetal interface, where HLA-G inhibits the migration and proliferation of maternal immune cells. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- According to the 2003 revision of the Procedures for Coding Cause of Fetal Death Under ICD-10, the National Center for Health Statistics defines fetal death as "death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of human conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy and which is not an induced termination of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
- Fetal anomalies refer to unusual or unexpected conditions in a baby's development during pregnancy. (alevtoker.com)
- tection rate of fetal anomalies during pregnancy [15-17]. (alevtoker.com)
- Few studies focused on fetal fluids composition in dogs and the concentrations of IGF-I in fetal fluids during normal pregnancy still remain uninvestigated. (unimi.it)
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the IGF-I fetal fluids concentration in term pregnancy dogs and to assess possible differences in relation to breed size. (unimi.it)
- IGF-I fetal fluids concentrations in term pregnancy dogs / M.C. Pisu, A. Rota, T. Meloni, A. Comin, A. Contri, M.C. Veronesi. (unimi.it)
- Occasionally, trauma to the abdominal area during pregnancy causes the amnion-the sac or bag that holds the baby and amniotic fluid-to rupture. (barnesjewish.org)
Allantois1
- The amnion, along with the chorion, the yolk sac and the allantois protect the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Yolk sac1
- In reptiles, birds, and many mammals the amnion develops in the following manner: At the point of constriction where the primitive digestive tube of the embryo joins the yolk sac a reflection or folding upward of the somatopleure takes place. (wikipedia.org)
Rate of fetal1
- Worldwide, the rate of fetal death varies considerably depending on the quality of medical care available in the country in question and the definitions used for classifying fetal deaths. (medscape.com)
Decidua1
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been successfully isolated from first-, second-, and third-trimester placental compartments, including the amnion, chorion, decidua parietalis and decidua basalis. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
Mortality rate4
- [ 3 ] The US fetal mortality rate was 5.74 fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more per 1000 live births and fetal deaths. (medscape.com)
- With minor fluctuations, the total US fetal mortality rate has declined 23% since 1990 (7.49). (medscape.com)
- In 2020, the fetal mortality rate in the United States was highest for non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (10.59) and non-Hispanic Black (10.34) women and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian women (3.93), followed by non-Hispanic White (4.73) and Hispanic (4.86) women. (medscape.com)
- The fetal mortality rate for twins (12.12) was more than twice that for singletons (5.51) (Table 1). (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
- Learn more about the types of fetal anomalies, diagnosis and treatment. (alevtoker.com)
- MRI helps in corroborating and refining the ultrasonographic diagnosis of complex fetal defects. (medscape.com)
Anomaly5
- Fetal therapy A therapeutic intervention for the purpose of correcting or treating a fetal anomaly or condition is called fetal therapy. (slideshare.net)
- Fetal anomaly - Fetal malformation or abnormal development. (alevtoker.com)
- In high‐risk populations, the sensitivity for fetal anomaly detection was even higher (61%), with first‐trimester screening detecting 66% of all antenatally diagnosed ultrasound anomalies. (alevtoker.com)
- As more experience is gained, fetal MRI may play a greater role in anomaly analysis. (medscape.com)
- The diagnostic problems with ultrasonography must be considered when couples are counseled about a possible fetal anomaly. (medscape.com)
Abnormalities3
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are prenatal diagnostic procedures that are performed to detect fetal abnormalities. (cdc.gov)
- Underlying anatomic or functional abnormalities in the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis prevent the initiation of parturition and hence the end of gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Fetal anomalies can be defined as single or multiple structural abnormalities or functional changes that occur in utero. (alevtoker.com)
Anomalies7
- The detection rate for major fetal anomalies was higher (46%), with 45% of fetuses affected with one or more major malformation being identified. (alevtoker.com)
- What is meaning of anomalies, in Telugu Free English to Telugu Dictionary and Telugu … Fetal … Meaning of anomalies, in Telugu or Telugu Meaning of anomalies, & Synonyms of anomalies, in Telugu and English. (alevtoker.com)
- Fetal anomalies may also be known as congenital anomalies or birth defects. (alevtoker.com)
- Fatal fetal anomalies /life-limiting conditions include diagnoses that are highly likely to lead to death in utero or in infancy. (alevtoker.com)
- The fluid contains fetal cells, which can be analyzed for hundreds of anomalies. (alevtoker.com)
- Prenatal MRI is at times a useful adjunct to ultrasonography and may enhance fetal anatomic evaluation when complex anomalies are suspected. (medscape.com)
- Although ultrasonography is an accurate and sensitive means for detecting fetal anomalies, it still has limitations, and its dependence on operator skill is a major disadvantage. (medscape.com)
20191
- In the present study, researchers assessed the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on fetal brain tissues. (news-medical.net)
Trophoblast1
- The amnion stems from the extra-embryonic somatic mesoderm on the outer side and the extra-embryonic ectoderm or trophoblast on the inner side. (wikipedia.org)
Amniotic sac1
- It fills with amniotic fluid, which causes the amnion to expand and become the amniotic sac that provides a protective environment for the developing embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Childbirth Model Set2
- This comprehensive Childbirth Model Set with a Flexible Pelvis includes a 48.3cm cloth Fetal Model . (birthinternational.com)
- The Childbirth Model Set is also available with Fetal Models representing brown and dark brown skin tones. (healthedco.com)
20202
- The study was conducted between July 2020 and mid-April 2022 in the United Kingdom (UK), wherein human fetal tissues aged 9.0 to 21.0 pcw (post-conception weeks) were obtained from the HDBR (human development biology resource). (news-medical.net)
- The National Center for Health Statistics reported a total of 20,854 fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more in the United States in 2020. (medscape.com)
Abdominal2
- As the abdominal anatomy is distorted it is often difficult to obtain a true abdominal circumference, which may lead to inaccuracies in estimation of fetal weight or the misdiagnosis of fetal growth restriction. (clinicalgate.com)
- A significant regional variation in the ultrasonographic detection of fetal abdominal wall defects has been described in Europe. (medscape.com)
Gestation2
- Many states define a fetal demise using a fetal weight of greater than or equal to 350 g, a value which represents the 50th percentile for weight at 20 weeks of gestation. (medscape.com)
- After 10 weeks' gestation, the amnion and Wharton jelly also cover the herniated mass. (medscape.com)
Pelvis Model1
- With a fetal model, pelvis model and more, our set is a best seller! (healthedco.com)
Echocardiography1
- Fetal echocardiography and karyotyping should also be performed. (medscape.com)
Trimester1
- SARS-CoV-2 presence was detected in the initial- and subsequent-trimester fetal brain associated with hemorrhage in the cortex. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic2
- This fluid increases in quantity and causes the amnion to expand and ultimately to adhere to the chorion's inner surface, so that the extra-embryonic part of the coelom is obliterated. (wikipedia.org)
- The space between the amnion and the serosa constitutes the extra-embryonic celom, and for a time communicates with the embryonic celom. (wikipedia.org)
Bovine2
- Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
- 12. Rao TV and ChandrasekhramV, Use of dry human and bovine amnion as a biological dressing. (org.pk)
Defects1
- it can be a valuable adjunct to ultrasonography before surgical intervention for selected life-threatening fetal defects. (medscape.com)
Grafts2
Abnormality1
- A full fetal echocardiogram should also be performed as approximately 30 - 50% will have some form of cardiac abnormality. (clinicalgate.com)
Hemorrhage1
- Cortical hemorrhage was observed among 26 specimens out of 661 fetal brain specimens. (news-medical.net)
Growth4
- Previous studies have reported that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections and immunological responses elevate the risk of altered fetal brain development, fetal death, growth restrictions and severe pathologies such as intraventricular hemorrhages and pneumonia. (news-medical.net)
- The amnion dressings promote cell growth, modulate inflammation and recruit endogenous (local) stem cells to facilitate wound repair. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- In addition, oligohydramnios is associated with intrauterine fetal growth restriction and prolonged labor [ 11 ]. (researchsquare.com)
- Fetal growth and well being are regulated by several factors. (unimi.it)
Amniotes1
- Amphibians and fish lack the amnion and thus are not amniotes. (wikipedia.org)
Chorionic1
- The fetal surface is the chorionic plate . (mhmedical.com)
Ultrasound2
- Fetal therapy Tools required for it are - Ultrasound machine MRI Fetoscope laser machine etc. (slideshare.net)
- When primary maternal CMV infection is diagnosed or suspected, additional diagnostic testing, including PCR or viral culture of either amniotic fluid or fetal blood and fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, may allow for determination of whether fetal infection has occurred. (cdc.gov)
Inflammatory5
- The results indicated that maternal leukocytes invade the amnion and chorion in chorioamnionitis and we suggest that this is part of the maternal inflammatory response to intrauterine infection. (nih.gov)
- This is because the amnion has potent anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative and scar-reducing properties. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- Fetal inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Temporal Patterns in Sheep Fetal Heart Rate Variability Correlate to Systemic Cytokine Inflammatory Response: A Methodological Exploration of Monitoring Potential Using Complex Signals Bioinformatics. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- In the fetal wound-healing environment, there is a notable absence of fibroblast or inflammatory cell activity, leading to regenerative rather than scar-mediated healing. (henslersurgical.com)
Pregnant3
- Third, prophylaxis and treatment appropriate for the gen- the maternal immune system may tolerate fetal antigens by eral population might not be appropriate for pregnant suppressing cell-mediated immunity while retaining nor- women. (cdc.gov)
- The fetal sacs of pregnant rabbits at day 23 were randomly assigned into experimental groups: unoperated (negative control), unclosed puncture (positive control), commercially available fibrin glue (FG) with decellularized amnion scaffold (DAM), mussel glue (MG) with DAM, or mussel glue alone. (researchgate.net)
- The Fetal Medicine Foundation is a Registered Charity that aims to improve the health of pregnant women and their babies through research and training in fetal medicine. (alevtoker.com)
Clinical3
- In fact, a number of randomised clinical trials favour the use of amnions in burns for their promotion of wound healing, patient comfort, and reduced need for dressing changes. (parentsguidecordblood.org)
- Amnion Patches are regenerative allografts that may be used as a therapeutic agent in numerous clinical applications. (henslersurgical.com)
- Infinity Amnion Patch, Multi-Layer is approximately 4x thicker than traditional single layer amnion and can be used for a wide variety of internal and external clinical applications. (henslersurgical.com)
Iatrogenic1
- The most commonly documented causes are genetic, but other causes include fetal mummification, infections, phytogenous toxins, and iatrogenic causes. (merckvetmanual.com)
Immunological1
- Cortical hemorrhages were associated with reduced integrity of blood vasculature and increased immunological cell infiltration in the fetal brain. (news-medical.net)
Nutrient exchange2
- Forming a specialized epithelial surface to hormonal factors that affect the Th1-Th2 balance, within the placenta, fetal syncytiotrophoblast cells directly macrophages present at the maternal-fetal interface release contact maternal blood for nutrient exchange. (cdc.gov)
- Explore their crucial roles in fetal development, from protection to nutrient exchange. (difference101.com)
Embryo2
- in the youngest embryo that has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. (wikipedia.org)
- When first formed, the amnion is in contact with the body of the embryo, but about the fourth or fifth week amniotic fluid (also called liquor amnii) begins to accumulate within it. (wikipedia.org)