Widely targeted metabolomics revealed extensively decreased accumulation of most detected flavonoids and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), as well as a few phenolic acids, amino acids and their derivatives in callus with browning symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
L-Arabinofuranosyl side chains form esters with phenolic acids, predominantly with ferulic acid. (inrae.fr)
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester1
Caffeic acid and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are produced in many kinds of plants. (wikipedia.org)
It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. (wikipedia.org)
Ferulic acid cross-links were shown to serve as covalent linkage between lignin and hemicellulose. (inrae.fr)
Another cross-linking between lignin and hemicellulose is provided by esters between the xylan side residues of glucuronic or 4-O-methyl-D-glucurononic acid and lignin alcohols. (inrae.fr)
GEs are capable of degrading complex polymers of lignin and hemicellulose cleaving ester bonds between glucuronic acid residues in xylan and lignin alcohols. (inrae.fr)
Amino1
Unusually, the predicted lipase displays ≈ 30% amino acid sequence identity to both feruloyl esterase and lipase of Aspergillus niger . (biomedcentral.com)
Ester2
Caffeic acid, which is unrelated to caffeine, is biosynthesized by hydroxylation of coumaroyl ester of quinic acid (esterified through a side chain alcohol). (wikipedia.org)
This hydroxylation produces the caffeic acid ester of shikimic acid, which converts to chlorogenic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Residues3
The dimerization of ferulic acid residues leads to cross-links connecting the hemicellulose molecules. (inrae.fr)
Analysis of enzymatic hydrolyzates of CX with an acetylxylan esterase, GH3 beta-xylosidase, GH10 and GH11 xylanases revealed that the main chain contains unsubstituted regions mixed with regions of xylopyranosyl residues partially acetylated and occasionally substituted by 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid and arabinofuranose esterified with ferulic or coumaric acid. (inrae.fr)
Despite reduced branching, the acetylation and ferulic acid modification of pentose residues contribute to high yields and high solubility of the extracted CX. (inrae.fr)
Enzyme3
The transformation to ferulic acid is catalyzed by the enzyme caffeate O-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Caffeate O-methyltransferase is an enzyme responsible for the transformation of caffeic acid into ferulic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that uses caffeic acid and oxygen to produce 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate. (wikipedia.org)
Xylose1
The first laboratory scale example of improved xylose and glucuronic acid release by the synergistic action of GE with cellulolytic enzymes was only reported recently (improved C5 sugar and glucuronic acid yields) and, until now, not much is known about their biotechnology potential. (inrae.fr)
Reactive1
An increase in membrane damage, measured by monitoring the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, was observed only in sperm treated with H(2)O(2), ADP and FeSO(4). (propoleo.cl)
Organic1
Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical1
Chemical oxidation of caffeic acid in acidic conditions using sodium periodate leads to the formation of dimers with a furan structure (isomers of 2,5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran 3,4-dicarboxylic acid). (wikipedia.org)
High2
Oral administration of high doses of caffeic acid in rats has caused stomach papillomas. (wikipedia.org)
In the same study, high doses of combined antioxidants, including caffeic acid, showed a significant decrease in growth of colon tumors in those same rats. (wikipedia.org)
Activity2
Caffeic acid also shows immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. (wikipedia.org)
Plant-produced recombinant LipA is active towards p -nitrophenol esters of various carbon chain lengths with peak activity on medium-chain fatty acid (C8). (biomedcentral.com)
Formation1
More recent data show that bacteria in the rats' guts may alter the formation of metabolites of caffeic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Found3
Caffeic acid can be found in the bark of Eucalyptus globulus the barley grain Hordeum vulgare and the herb Dipsacus asperoides. (wikipedia.org)
Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee at 0.13 mg per 100 ml and red wine at 2 mg per 100 ml. (wikipedia.org)
3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (dactylifric acid) and its isomers, are enzymic browning substrates found in dates (Phoenix dactylifera fruits). (wikipedia.org)
Caffeic acid phenethyl4
Caffeic acid and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are produced in many kinds of plants. (wikipedia.org)
The phenolic ester caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been the subject of several clinical trials because of its potential for the treatment of a number of disorders. (medscape.com)
Investigators publish new data in the report "Enhancement of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. (blogspot.com)
Kuo and colleagues published their study in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (Enhancement of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. (blogspot.com)
Vanillic acid (VA), a phenolic acid compound derived from plants, is known for its antioxidant and mitochondrial protection properties. (bvsalud.org)
Trans1
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase was presumed to use 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) to produce trans-caffeate and NH3. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative3
Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. (wikipedia.org)
The studies are the first to show that oxidative stress that would otherwise trigger or enhance Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin production can be stymied by caffeic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Also, caffeic acid treatment attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behaviour in experimental animals by decreasing both peripheral and central cytokine levels along with oxidative stress inflicted by LPS. (wikipedia.org)
Caffeine1
Caffeic acid, which is unrelated to caffeine, is biosynthesized by hydroxylation of coumaroyl ester of quinic acid (esterified through a side chain alcohol). (wikipedia.org)
Tumors1
In the same study, high doses of combined antioxidants, including caffeic acid, showed a significant decrease in growth of colon tumors in those same rats. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds1
Glutathione and thiol compounds (cysteine, thioglycolic acid or thiocresol) or ascorbic acid have a protective effect on browning and disappearance of caffeic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Antioxidant1
Caffeic acid is an antioxidant in vitro and also in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Guts1
More recent data show that bacteria in the rats' guts may alter the formation of metabolites of caffeic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Free1
Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee at 0.13 mg per 100 ml and red wine at 2 mg per 100 ml. (wikipedia.org)
Plants1
In plants, caffeic acid (middle) is formed from 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (left) and is transformed to ferulic acid . (cloudfront.net)
Growth1
Previous research showed that foliar boron (B) application at flowering or seed-fill growth stages altered seed protein, oil, and fatty acids. (scirp.org)