Fertility plasmids. Medical search. Frequent questions

This types of plasmid carry genes that allow the host bacterium to metabolize unusual substances like Toluene and salicylic acid. (biotechfront.com)
Let's now discuss the types of plasmid. (eagetutor.com)

Plasmids can also provide bacteria with the ability to fix nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Mu plasmids for in vivo genetic engineering of Gram-negative bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
All bacterial plasmids replicate on their own and contain an origin of replication (which controls the plasmid's host range and copy number) and genes that contribute to the survival of bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance genes. (excedr.com)
An illustrative diagram of bacteria showing bacterial chromosomal DNA and Plasmids. (excedr.com)
In the process of transferring a plasmid, the bacteria that receive the plasmid are known as F+ bacteria and the bacteria that do not are known as F- bacteria. (excedr.com)
However, the fusion between these two bacteria results in the production of two F+ plasmids. (excedr.com)
but genes carried by plasmids usually encodes traits beneficial for bacteria. (biotechfront.com)
these genes provide a survival advantage to the bacterial host thet allows for selection of plasmid containing bacteria. (biotechfront.com)
This plasmid carry genes that codes for colicins proteins that kill other bacteria. (biotechfront.com)
This recombinant DNA plasmid was then inserted into bacteria. (pressbooks.pub)
This recombinant plasmid can then be used to transform bacteria, which gain the ability to produce the insulin protein. (pressbooks.pub)
Bacteria have variety of plasmids. (eagetutor.com)
Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments that are found in many microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes. (stemcelldaily.com)
The term plasmid was coined by Joshua Lederberg in 1952, who discovered that some bacteria can exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation. (stemcelldaily.com)
For example, plasmids can be used to produce recombinant proteins, such as insulin or human growth hormone, in bacteria or yeast cells. (stemcelldaily.com)
Exceptions are the linear plasmids in bacteria Streptomyces spp and Borrelia spp. (stemcelldaily.com)
The most commonly described horizontal gene-transfer is conjugation and arguably the most efficient, transferring a plasmid or transposon between bacteria through direct contact. (frontiersin.org)
Now, researchers report in Science today (January 25) that they have discovered 10 more immune systems that bacteria use to protect themselves against phages and plasmids, opening up the possibility to add new tools to the molecular biology toolbox. (the-scientist.com)
These bacteria possibly will facilitate in the safety of soil pollution, improving fertility of the soil and prevent entry of HCH in the food chain. (ispub.com)

Also known as F-plasmid, fertility plasmids contain TRA genes that help in the transfer of genes to other bacterial species through conjugation. (excedr.com)

Plasmids are transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) mostly through conjugation. (wikipedia.org)
During cell division, the plasmid in bacterial cells is copied and one plasmid is transferred to each daughter cell through a process called bacterial conjugation. (excedr.com)
Furthermore, plasmids are also regarded as mobile genetic elements and the process of their transmission of genetic material, through conjugation, is a type of mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. (excedr.com)
For example, based on their ability to transfer genes through conjugation, they are grouped as conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids. (excedr.com)
A. Conjugative plasmid - This plasmid contain tra gene for conjugation and transfer of plasmid to another bacterium (tra+, mob+). (biotechfront.com)
This plasmid incapable of initiating conjugation , hence can only be transferred with the help of conjugative plasmid ( tra- , mob- ) under some circumstances. (biotechfront.com)
Conjugation that is the transfer of plasmids to another bacterium is performed by them. (eagetutor.com)
These names reflect their ability to transfer from one cell to another through a process called conjugation, which involves the formation of a pilus (a thin tube-like structure) between two cells and the transfer of a copy of the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
RP4-mediated transfer of mobilizable plasmids in intergeneric conjugation of Escherichia coli donors with Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is severely affected by a restriction system in the recipient that can be inactivated by a variety of exogenous stress factors. (uni-bielefeld.de)

In nature, plasmids often carry genes that benefit the survival of the organism and confer selective advantage such as antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)
The common components present in all man-designed plasmids are the origin of replication, selection marker, antibiotic resistance gene, promoter region, primer binding sites, and cloning site. (excedr.com)
Plasmids often carry genes that confer some advantage to the host cell, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or metabolic capabilities. (stemcelldaily.com)

The term plasmid was introduced in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant. (wikipedia.org)
The term Plasmid was first given by Joshua Lederberg in 1952. (biotechfront.com)
The American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg introduced the term 'plasmid' in 1952. (eagetutor.com)

It have no characteristic beyond the ability to promote conjugal transfer of plasmids. (biotechfront.com)

Mu plasmids from Escherichia coli K12 to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EBF65/65 was very inefficient compared with RP4 and was only detectable to strains of EBF65/65 lacking pAV2, a cryptic plasmid thought to code for a restriction/modification system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Mu-derived plasmids transferred from pAV2 − strains of EBF65/65 back to E. coli K12 were found to carry defective prophages which had lost the abilityto produce detectable phage particles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Re-transfer of these defective plasmids from hsm k + and hsm k strains of E. coli K12 back to EBF65/65, when compared with the transfer of RP4, provided evidence for a second restriction/modification system in EBF65/65 which affected mainly Mu DNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
For example, certain Escherichia coli (or E.coli ) strains present in the human gut and other animals when containing virulence plasmids, cause vomiting and diarrhea. (excedr.com)
Most C. trachomatis strains have a multicopy extrachromosomal cryptic plasmid, which is widely used as the target for PCR testing. (roboscreen.com)
None of these tags appear to have a large effect on the function of these proteins, as assayed by our localization studies and fertility of the strains generated. (citiesofdata.org)

These sequences are cloned into the bacterium Escherichia coli using USER technology, where they are amplified and then assembled into a single plasmid. (diwou.com)
Plasmids help with the growth of the bacterium or aid in survival. (pbworks.com)

Degradative plasmids belong to the group of conjugative plasmids. (excedr.com)

The normal number of copies of plasmid that may be found in a single cell is called the plasmid copy number, and is determined by how the replication initiation is regulated and the size of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Copy number - the copy number refers to the number of copies of plasmid present in the bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

Plasmids are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that are distinct from the chromosomal DNA of the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

Other organisms having virulence plasmid include Agrobacterium tumefaciens (contain Ti plasmid) and Salmonella enterica . (excedr.com)

Later in 1968, it was decided that the term plasmid should be adopted as the term for extrachromosomal genetic element, and to distinguish it from viruses, the definition was narrowed to genetic elements that exist exclusively or predominantly outside of the chromosome and can replicate autonomously. (wikipedia.org)
A few types of plasmids can also insert into the host chromosome, and these integrative plasmids are sometimes referred to as episomes in prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Plasmid suicide by Mu' may enable the development of a method for directed chromosome mobilization in A. calcoaceticus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Plasmid is naturally found in cytoplasm, seperately from the main bacterial chromosome and are much smaller incomparision. (biotechfront.com)
Plasmids are normally in size range of 1kb to 250 kb which is smaller much smaller than Bacterial chromosome. (biotechfront.com)
Automatically, plasmids replicate inside the bacterial chromosome. (eagetutor.com)
By using this procedure, clones of the restriction-deficient mutant strain C. glutamicum RM3 harboring a plasmid library of the wild-type chromosome were checked for their restriction properties. (uni-bielefeld.de)
A complemented clone with a restriction-positive phenotype was isolated and found to contain a plasmid with a 7-kb insertion originating from the wild-type chromosome. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Examples of plasmids : Puc 8 ( E.cli ), R-1, R-6, Col E1 ( E.coli ), Tol ( Pseudomonas putida ). (biotechfront.com)
F plasmid of E.coli. (biotechfront.com)

Plasmids are generally circular, but examples of linear plasmids are also known. (wikipedia.org)
These linear plasmids require specialized mechanisms to replicate their ends. (wikipedia.org)
But linear Plasmids are also reported in genera streptomycetes and Borrelia . (biotechfront.com)

As some C. trachomatis isolates are reported not to carry cryptic plasmid or have deletion(s) in it [7], "RealLine Chlamydia trachomatis/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae" assay kit detects two DNA fragments from gyrA gene and cryptic plasmid, specific to C. trachomatis species. (roboscreen.com)

They fall in the category of conjugative plasmids. (excedr.com)

Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens , which induce crown gall disease on dicot plants. (biotechfront.com)

Some are interogative plasmid called episomes . (biotechfront.com)
F plasmid is also called episomes . (biotechfront.com)

Plasmid is a short, naturally occurring extra chromosomal , usually circular, double stranded DNA molecule that replicate, autonomously and lead an independent existence in Bacterial cell. (biotechfront.com)
Plasmids are mostly circular negatively supercoiled , double stranded DNA molecule. (biotechfront.com)
A plasmid is a double stranded circular DNA. (eagetutor.com)
Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA, separate from the chromosomes. (pbworks.com)

Comparison of the deoxyribonucleic acid molecular weights and homologies of plasmids conferring linked resistance to streptomycin and sulphonamides. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Resistance plasmids are also known as R-plasmids or R-factors. (excedr.com)
This plasmids carry genes thet provide resistance to one or more antibiotics and poisons. (biotechfront.com)
This is a gene that confers resistance to a certain antibiotic or toxin, which helps in identifying and selecting the cells that contain the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
Belongs to the kla operon, which is associated with cryptic tellurite resistance, and IncW plasmid fertility inhibition. (gu.se)

Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms. (wikipedia.org)
These vectors are derived from natural plasmids, but both have been genetically modified for convenient use as recombinant DNA vectors. (eagetutor.com)

This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is one mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids are considered part of the mobilome. (wikipedia.org)
A typical bacterial replicon may consist of a number of elements, such as the gene for plasmid-specific replication initiation protein (Rep), repeating units called iterons, DnaA boxes, and an adjacent AT-rich region. (wikipedia.org)
Plasmids almost always carry at least one gene. (wikipedia.org)
Larger plasmid carry gene for special enzymes specific for plasmid replication. (biotechfront.com)
The insulin gene from humans was inserted into a plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
In this example, the human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
These plasmids can have a gene of 10 kb size too. (eagetutor.com)
1. Yeast integrative plasmid (Yip) - Used to study the toxicity of a gene. (eagetutor.com)
and 5) fertility plasmids, carry gene that are needed in mating. (pbworks.com)
Plasmids can also be used to study gene expression and regulation, gene function and interaction, and gene therapy. (stemcelldaily.com)
CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption validated a component of Notch signalling and two genes contributing to male fertility. (biorxiv.org)
Gene disruption experiments with the wild type proved that orf1 is essential for complementation, but inactivation of orf2 also resulted in a small but significant increase in fertility. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Plasmids encoding signal guide RNAs designed to introduce the T274M and the T277T (silent PAM deleter) mutations in the Kcnq2 gene and the cas9 nuclease were introduced into the cytoplasm of B6(C3Fe)-Scn8a8J/Frk derived fertilized eggs with well recognized pronuclei. (mmrrc.org)

In order for plasmids to replicate independently within a cell, they must possess a stretch of DNA that can act as an origin of replication. (wikipedia.org)
The copy number is regulated by various factors, such as the size of the plasmid, the origin of replication, and the availability of nutrients and energy. (stemcelldaily.com)

Naturally occurring plasmids vary greatly in their physical properties. (wikipedia.org)
The naturally occurring plasmids have been classified by the characteristics coded by the plasmid genes. (eagetutor.com)

In this study a rapid test procedure based on intergeneric conjugal plasmid transfer that permitted the distinction between restriction-negative and restriction-positive C. glutamicum clones was developed. (uni-bielefeld.de)

A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. (wikipedia.org)

Plasmids used in genetic engineering are called vectors . (eagetutor.com)
Two plasmid vectors that have been extensively used in genetics are pBR322 and pUC18. (eagetutor.com)
All these phenotypes correlated with expression of ORF VI in three lines of transgenic plants which were produced independently, with different Ti-plasmid derived vectors and with different selective markers. (psu.edu)

2. Yeast Replicative Plasmid (YRp) - Less stable plasmids. (eagetutor.com)
This plasmid is inserted into the yeast cell Saccharomyces cerevisieae genome where it produces the receptors. (diwou.com)

Example of this type plasmid is Rp4 in Pseudomonas . (biotechfront.com)

Many of the genes carried by a plasmid are beneficial for the host cells, for example: enabling the host cell to survive in an environment that would otherwise be lethal or restrictive for growth. (wikipedia.org)

DNA sequence which encode initiation of plasmid replication by recruiting bacterial transcription machinary for replication enzymes & proteins. (biotechfront.com)

The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description includes bacterial viruses, the notion of plasmid was refined over time to comprise genetic elements that reproduce autonomously. (wikipedia.org)
Smaller plasmids make use of the host replicative enzymes to make copies of themselves, while larger plasmids may carry genes specific for the replication of those plasmids. (wikipedia.org)
Smaller plasmid use host cell DNA replication machinary. (biotechfront.com)
Some plasmids are compatible with each other and can be maintained together in a stable state, while others are incompatible and compete for resources or interfere with each other`s replication or expression. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is a specific sequence of DNA where the replication of the plasmid begins. (stemcelldaily.com)

however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)

however, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative "sex" pilus necessary for their own transfer. (wikipedia.org)

Plasmids have been widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering, as they can be manipulated to introduce, modify, or delete specific genes in the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

The structure consists of - Cell envelope , cytoplasm , inclusion bodies , genetic material , plasmids , flagella and fimbriae or pili . (student-baba.com)

Plasmids are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. (wikipedia.org)
And, because of their ability to replicate on their own within hosts, plasmids are also known as replicons. (excedr.com)
Plasmids are also known as sex factors , conjugants , extra chromosomal replicons , or transfer factors . (stemcelldaily.com)

Number of plasmids in an individual bacterial cell may very (1-100 or more) denoted by copy number. (biotechfront.com)
Plasmids are not essential for viability of bacterial cell. (biotechfront.com)
Compatibility of plasmids - this refers to the ability of two different plasmids to coexist in the same bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

Currently, plasmids are constructed by first digesting DNA sequences using restriction enzymes and then ligating the ends of the DNA fragments using the enzyme DNA ligase. (excedr.com)

These plasmids, when present in a bacterial strain, turn it into a pathogen. (excedr.com)

The absence of a plasmid in the cell does not affect cell functioning, but the presence of a plasmid in the cell is usually beneficial . (stemcelldaily.com)

About a quarter are required for viability, and functional screening of the rest revealed hits for fertility, development, locomotion, protein quality control and resilience to stress. (biorxiv.org)

This is a region that contains several restriction enzyme recognition sites, which allow the insertion of foreign DNA fragments into the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
This plasmid, termed pRES806, is able to complement the restriction-deficient phenotype of different C. glutamicum mutants. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Plasmids are also known as extra-chromosomal elements or genetic tools. (stemcelldaily.com)

In the laboratory, plasmids may be introduced into a cell via transformation. (wikipedia.org)
In this article, we will review the types of plasmids, how they are artificially designed in labs for laboratory assays, and their applications. (excedr.com)

Plasmids can vary in size from 1 kb to 200 kb, and they can exist in different species and get transferred from one cell to another. (stemcelldaily.com)

Plasmids that belong to the same compatibility group (or incompatibility group) are usually incompatible with each other. (stemcelldaily.com)

It is used as an initiation point for PCR amplification or sequencing of the plasmid. (biotechfront.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms15

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes104

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science6

Health Care15

Types of Plasmid2

Bacteria19

Known as F-plasmid1

Conjugation9

Antibiotic resistance3

Joshua Lederberg3

Transfer of plasmids1

Strains6

Bacterium2

Degradative1

Copies of plasmid2

Double-stranded DNA molecules1

Virulence plasmid1

Chromosome8

Coli2

Linear plasmids3

Cryptic plasmid1

Conjugative plasmids1

Agrobacterium1

Episomes2

Circular4

Resistance5

Recombinant2

Gene13

Origin of replicat2

Naturally2

Conjugal1

Extrachromosomal1

Vectors3

Yeast2

Pseudomonas1

Genes carried1

Proteins1

Replication5

Organisms1

Encode1

Widely1

Pili1

Replicons3

Bacterial cell3

Sequences1

Pathogen1

Beneficial1

Viability1

Restriction2

Extra chromosomal1

Laboratory2

Species1

Belong1

Initiation1