ArabidopsisNADPHChelate reductase activityCytochromeProteinFerrous ironVirulenceProteinsEnzymeCalcareous soilsSolublePeriplasmicPathwaysTransgenicNitrateIron homeostasisAssaysSynthesisCharacterizationActivityHemeOxidativePathwayCavityReductionDeficiencyHemoglobinMicroarrayDifferentiallyIRT1UpregulationNovoClustersMineralExpressionMutationsMRNAAcquisitionDiseasesToleranceOxygenFoundMetalDomainSystem
Arabidopsis6
- Here, we found that the MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) gene is involved in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
- Together, our findings show that the MNB1 gene negatively controls the Fe-deficiency response in Arabidopsis via modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling pathway, thereby affecting the expression of Fe uptake- and translocation-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2007). Similarly, NO production in the transition zone of Arabidopsis (and genes encoding a ferric chelate reductase and a ferrous iron transporter, respectively, that function together for iron uptake from your ground (Ling et al. (groundwater-2011.net)
- Reduction seems to be a rate-limiting step in Fe uptake because transgenic overexpression of ferric chelate reductases in Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco, and soybeans increases tolerance to low iron [9-12]. (woofahs.com)
- The biological function of identified genes and gene clusters will be studied using the molecular genetic toolbox of Arabidopsis, which will allow e.g. verification of cell type-specific expression, gene knockout analysis, and ectopic overexpression of identified genes. (knaw.nl)
- To identify genes involved in the Fe deficiency response, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transfer DNA insertion lines were screened on a high-pH medium with low Fe availability. (metu.edu.tr)
NADPH3
- Ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.16.1.9, ferric chelate reductase, iron chelate reductase, NADPH:Fe3+-EDTA reductase, NADPH-dependent ferric reductase, yqjH (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name Fe(II):NADP+ oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 2 Fe(II) + 2 apo-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 Fe(III)-siderophore + NADPH Ferric-chelate reductase contains FAD. (wikipedia.org)
- In the presence of sodium dithionite or in the presence of P. aeruginosa ferredoxin NADP reductase (FPR) and NADPH the heme in BfrB remains oxidized and the core iron mineral is mobilized sluggishly. (ku.edu)
Chelate reductase activity2
- Monitor plants' stress response by perform biochemical assays such as ferric chelate reductase activity assay, rhizosphere acidification assay, GUS staining etc. (wixsite.com)
- The diminished uptake of Fe from Mn-containing low-Fe medium by mtp8 mutants was caused by an impaired ability to boost the ferric chelate reductase activity, which is an essential process in Fe acquisition. (metu.edu.tr)
Cytochrome4
- In addition to typical substitution responses from an iron-economic toward an iron-sufficient state for flavodoxin (ferredoxin) and plastocyanin (cytochrome c 6 ), we found other genes utilizing the same strategy involved in nitrogen assimilation and fatty acid desaturation. (nih.gov)
- This gene provides instruction for making an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase 3. (medlineplus.gov)
- The soluble isoform of cytochrome b5 reductase 3 changes ferric iron back to ferrous iron so hemoglobin can deliver oxygen to tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cytochrome b561/ferric reductase transmembrane with. (ntu.edu.sg)
Protein5
- AMACR has been recently described as prostate cancerspecific gene that encodes a protein involved in the betaoxidation of branched chain fatty acids. (groundwater-2011.net)
- BfrB, isolated with 5-10 iron atoms per protein molecule, was reconstituted with ferrous ions to prepare samples with a core mineral containing 600 ± 40 ferric ions per BfrB molecule and approximately one phosphate molecule per iron atom. (ku.edu)
- GSH is a hydrophilic antioxidant with nucleophilic thiol group and has been reported to participate in regulation of gene expression, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, signal transduction, cytokine production, apoptosis, immune response, and protein glutathionylation [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Variations of hemoglobin protein genes generate different types of hemoglobin. (hemolevel.com)
- The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
Ferrous iron1
- As a result, the enzyme cannot efficiently change ferric iron to ferrous iron, leading to a 10 to 50 percent increase in methemoglobin within red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Virulence6
- This bacterium produces a pyomelanin pigment, a potential virulence factor with ferric reductase activity. (uib.no)
- Inactivation of 10 of the 19 A. fumigatus genes caused defects in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
- All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
- From the transcriptome analysis we found increased expression of siderophore synthesis genes and multiple known virulence genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is recognized that the success of S. aureus depends not only on its virulence genes and development of antibiotic resistance, but also on a coordinated and timely expression of genes upon infection of its host. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo expression of virulence and metabolic genes of S. aureus in a prosthetic joint infection in a human subject with growth in vitro as reference using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins5
- Proposed functions of PMRS include maintenance of redox state in proteins, stimulation of cell growth, reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, recycling of α -tocopherol, reduction of ferric ion prior to iron uptake by a transferring-independent pathway, and the maintenance of the extracellular concentration of ascorbic acid [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
- Analyses of transcriptional gusA reporter fusions revealed that besides showing similar properties to Fnr proteins reported in other bacteria, MgFnr is involved in the repression of the expression of denitrification genes nor and nosZ under aerobic conditions, possibly owing to several unique amino acid residues specific to MTB-Fnr. (biomedcentral.com)
- Iron is essential constituent of numerous enzymes, including iron-sulphur and heme proteins of the respiratory chain, as well as ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyses the rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis [9,10]. (biomedres.us)
- Several of the proteins encoded by genes that are up-regulated by NF-κB are also potent NF-κB activators, thereby, forming an auto-activating loop. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme4
- Two versions (isoforms) of this enzyme are produced from the CYB5R3 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- CYB5R3 gene mutations that cause autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type I typically reduce enzyme activity or stability. (medlineplus.gov)
- For hereditary methemoglobinemias, reduced enzyme activity is seen with NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency, but normal in HbM disease. (cdc.gov)
- Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) is an enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of hydrophilic phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is a model medicinal plant. (bvsalud.org)
Calcareous soils1
- Although Fe is a plentiful element in the environment, it is frequently found in saline-alkaline and calcareous soils as insoluble ferric hydroxides, resulting in low Fe bioavailability for plants [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Soluble1
- Despite its high abundance in the Earth's crust, the bioavailability of iron is low owing to its oxidation into sparingly soluble ferric (Fe 3+ ) hydroxides by atmospheric oxygen. (frontiersin.org)
Periplasmic1
- Deletion of nap genes encoding a periplasmic nitrate reductase not only abolished anaerobic growth and delayed aerobic growth in both nitrate and ammonium medium, but also severely impaired magnetite biomineralization and resulted in biosynthesis of fewer, smaller and irregular crystals during denitrification and microaerobic respiration [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
- Gene technology, combined with a solid knowledge of catabolic pathways and microbial physiology, enables the experimental evolution of new or improved catabolic activities for such pollutants. (igem.org)
Transgenic1
- Further, we focus on recent advancements in the production of resistant cotton varieties by conventional and transgenic incorporation of defense genes against several abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
Nitrate2
- Deletion of Mgfnr not only resulted in decreased N 2 production due to reduced N 2 O reductase activity, but also impaired magnetite biomineralization under microaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate. (biomedcentral.com)
- Transcriptional gusA fusions revealed that expression of nap is upregulated by oxygen, whereas other denitrification genes including nirS , nor , and nosZ display the highest expression under microaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Iron homeostasis2
- These findings help us understanding plant responses to Fe-deficiency stress, however, a number of novel genes involved in modulating iron homeostasis still need to be identified. (biomedcentral.com)
- The identification and functional characterization of 24 genes that are involved in iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus and/or Aspergillus nidulans , respectively, revealed significant insights into iron metabolism and its regulation (Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Assays1
- Click Gene ID to show a list of GSM assays in which the gene are specifically expressed. (or.jp)
Synthesis2
- In this work, we have investigated the role of phenylalanine hydroxylase from L. pneumophila (lpPAH), the product of the phhA gene, in the synthesis of the pyomelanin pigment and the growth of the bacterium in defined compositions. (uib.no)
- δ-Tocotrienol also suppresses β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity (the rate-limiting step in de novo cholesterol synthesis), and concomitantly lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
- Our extensive expertise on the molecular biology of ISR and plant growth promotion will allow a detailed functional characterization of the identified genes. (knaw.nl)
Activity1
- Glyphosate inhibition of ferric reductase activity in iron deficient sunflower roots. (sabanciuniv.edu)
Heme1
- Heme can exist in either the oxidized ferric (Fe3+) or with heme to support their growth (17). (medicinelakex1.com)
Oxidative3
- Effects of curcumin were also evaluated on level of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidant potential of plasma measured in terms of plasma ferric equivalent oxidative potentials (PFEOP). (hindawi.com)
- Iron exists in two oxidative states, ferrous (Fe+ 2 ) and ferric (Fe+ 3 ), which can donate or accept electrons [1-3]. (biomedres.us)
- Anti-oxidative enzymes of plants include glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxide reduction (PRX), mono-hydro ascorbate reductase (MDAR), and catalase (CAT). (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway3
- The stoichiometric relationship between F(peroxo), H(2)O(2), and ferric mineral precursors, crucial to defining the reaction pathway and mechanism, has now been determined. (unl.pt)
- Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. (lbl.gov)
- The regulatory pattern of catabolic pathway genes indicated that the bacterial infection was sustained on amino acids, glycans and nucleosides. (biomedcentral.com)
Cavity1
- The catalytic step that initiates formation of the ferric oxy-hydroxide mineral core in the central cavity of H-type ferritin involves rapid oxidation of ferrous ion by molecular oxygen (ferroxidase reaction) at a binuclear site (ferroxidase site) found in each of the 24 subunits. (unl.pt)
Reduction1
- This review aims to describe the structural characteristics of superoxide reductases (SORs) and mechanistic aspects of biological superoxide anion reduction. (unl.pt)
Deficiency2
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis is abnormal in HbM disease, but normal with NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency [McKenzie 2010]. (cdc.gov)
- According to the World Health Organization, the current most common nutritional disorder in the world is usually Fe deficiency, with over 30% of the world's population affected [http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/ida/en/index.html]. (woofahs.com)
Hemoglobin2
- In normal red blood cells, the iron in hemoglobin is ferrous (Fe 2+ ), but it can spontaneously become ferric (Fe 3+ ). (medlineplus.gov)
- When hemoglobin contains ferric iron, it is methemoglobin. (medlineplus.gov)
Microarray2
- Microarray analyses of liver samples identified 62 genes whose expressions were either up-regulated or down-regulated by all compounds suggesting common impact on serum TNF-α and NO levels. (biomedcentral.com)
- The microarray analyses further identified 41 genes whose expression was differentially impacted by the compounds shown to lower serum lipid levels and dexamethasone, associated with markedly elevated serum lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentially1
- Molecular identification of differentially expressed Zinc related genes in cultivated bread wheat. (sabanciuniv.edu)
IRT11
- IRT1 is an essential gene because mutants are severely chlorotic and seedling-lethal unless supplied with large amounts of exogenous Fe [16-18]. (woofahs.com)
Upregulation2
- These findings are discussed in the context of a model for the utilization of stored iron in which the significant upregulation of the bfd gene under low-iron conditions [Ochsner, U.A., Wilderman, P.J., Vasil, A.I., and Vasil, M.L. (2002) Mol. (ku.edu)
- Upregulation of fermentation genes and the presence of ethanol in joint fluid indicated severe oxygen limitation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Novo1
- cMonkey integrates powerful de novo motif detection to identify conditionally co-regulated sets of genes. (systemsbiology.net)
Clusters1
- Furthermore, genome analysis of this strain suggested the presence of gene clusters involved in iron acquisition ( fhuABD , afuABC , fbpABC , and fepCDG ) and phosphate solubilization ( pstABCHS , phoABHLU , and phnCDEP ) and other phytohormone biosynthesis genes, including indole-3-acetic acid ( trpABCDEFG ), in the genome. (springeropen.com)
Mineral1
- Previous investigators have shown that the first detectable reaction intermediate of the ferroxidase reaction is a diferric-peroxo intermediate, F(peroxo), formed within 25 ms, which then leads to the release of H(2)O(2) and formation of ferric mineral precursors. (unl.pt)
Expression7
- The gene expression patterns underpin P. antarctica as a quick responder to iron addition. (nih.gov)
- Here, we cloned three SmHPPR genes (SmHPPR1, SmHPPR2, and SmHPPR3) from the cDNA of S. miltiorrhiza, and their expression profiles were studied. (bvsalud.org)
- It is involved in controlling expression of denitrification genes and thereby plays an indirect role in maintaining proper redox conditions required for magnetite biomineralization. (biomedcentral.com)
- Staphylococcus aureus gene expression has been sparsely studied in deep-sited infections in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, pathogens are likely to make host-specific adaptions by altering gene expression, which necessitates studies in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
- Assuming an acute infection [ 7 ], we chose to compare gene expression of the in vivo sample with the isolate in an exponential growth phase. (biomedcentral.com)
- Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations2
- Autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia is caused by mutations in the CYB5R3 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Nonclinical data from studies conducted in bacteria and in animals treated with primaquine show evidence of gene mutations and chromosomal/DNA damage, teratogenicity, and injury to embryos and developing fetuses when primaquine is administered to pregnant animals. (nih.gov)
MRNA1
- In addition, the absolute mRNA abundance of each gene could be deduced from γ1 and γ2, when the copy number of each gene is known for the common reference. (biomedcentral.com)
Acquisition1
- Genes involved in Fe acquisition in plants are induced under Fe-deficient conditions, and various genes putatively acting as Fe sensors have been discussed ( Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
Diseases2
- A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)
- In one (mostly) group of other diseases, thalassemia, small amounts of normal or sometimes abnormal hemoglobins are produced due to problems and pathologies of the globin gene control. (hemolevel.com)
Tolerance1
- While significant advances have been made in understanding the plant adaptation in stress environments, there are still challenges to translate this acquired knowledge for improved crop performance and productivity under stress environments due to complex genetics involving multitude of genes and stress tolerance mechanisms and interaction with numerous environmental factors pose. (eurekaselect.com)
Oxygen1
- Examining wild bees captured from the mountains and lowlands, it was found that the genes of both breeds were identical, except for those that control their hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying capacity. (hemolevel.com)
Found2
- For example, recent studies have shown how deer mice living in the mountains survive the thin air found at heights with the help of their different gene types. (hemolevel.com)
- A researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found malformations in four different genes that are thought to be responsible for the differences between deer mice living in low-lying areas and mountains. (hemolevel.com)
Metal1
- Various genes regulating cellular and subcellular metal distribution have been identified and characterized. (frontiersin.org)
Domain1
- Ferric reductase, NAD binding domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)