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Fatty AcidsFatty LiverFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFatty Acid SynthasesFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsFatty Acids, EssentialFatty Acid DesaturasesBodily SecretionsInsulinSecretory RateIntestinal SecretionsBacterial Secretion SystemsFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedOleic AcidCells, CulturedLiverOleic AcidsGlucosePhospholipidsTriglyceridesFatty AlcoholsFatty Acids, VolatileLipid MetabolismPalmitic AcidMolecular Sequence DataIslets of LangerhansDietary FatsChromatography, GasGastric AcidPalmitic AcidsLipidsFatty Acid Transport ProteinsTrans Fatty AcidsRNA, MessengerStearic AcidsBacterial ProteinsCell LineKineticsEicosapentaenoic AcidTime FactorsPancreatic JuicePalmitatesDose-Response Relationship, DrugGastric JuicePancreasCalciumLuteinizing HormoneInsulin-Secreting CellsFatty Liver, AlcoholicAmino Acid SequenceBlood GlucoseOxidation-ReductionFish OilsRats, WistarRats, Sprague-DawleySecretory PathwayCarrier ProteinsChloridesBicarbonatesRats, Inbred StrainsPentagastrinAdipose TissueSecretinBiological TransportExocytosisCholesterolSignal TransductionCattleAcyl Coenzyme ACell MembraneCoenzyme A LigasesGlucagonEstersStimulation, ChemicalGastric MucosaAmylasesChromatography, Thin LayerDietGene Expression RegulationProlactinAcetatesMutationMice, KnockoutDuodenumBase SequenceProtein TransportRecombinant ProteinsPerfusionPituitary GlandGastrinsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationArachidonic AcidSheepMembrane ProteinsFastingModels, BiologicalInsulin ResistanceCeruleninIntestinal MucosaGene Expression
LipolysisInhibitionGlucagon SecretionShort-chainGlucoseGastricOmega-3 faSupplementationMicrobialMetabolitesOxidationHepaticAdipose tissueInsulin resistanceFree fattyMetabolicCytokineEssential fattyMicrobiotaMetabolismProstaglandinPancreasHormoneNonalcoholic fatty lDiabetesSynthesisVitroPUFALeptinInduceIntestinalLipidsSystemicLiver DiseaseBileTumorAmountsDeficiencyUptakeNotablyWalnutsFindingsDependentPolyunsaturated fatsTissueAntioxidantsCompositionSymptomsBiologicalExerciseIncreaseBeneficialResponsesTypeControlsPreventionEvidenceBrain
Lipolysis1
  • Among the peripheral signals that are generated to regulate the uptake of food, signals from adipose tissue are of major relevance and involve the maintenance of energy homeostasis through processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and oxidation of fatty acids. (wjgnet.com)
Inhibition2
  • this is accomplished via coordinate slowing down gastric emptying, inhibition of digestive secretion [gastric acid, pancreatic enzymes, and bile ejection], and a resulting reduction in food intake. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results reveal how tumour-derived EVPs dysregulate hepatic function and their targetable potential, alongside TNF inhibition, for preventing fatty liver formation and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. (nature.com)
Glucagon Secretion4
  • My research focus is to understand how we can circumvent the reduced capacity of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete enough insulin, and why the control of alpha cell glucagon secretion becomes disturbed in diabetes. (lu.se)
  • We are currently performing functional investigations of key miRNAs and their role in insulin- and/or glucagon secretion. (lu.se)
  • In the future, we will use this knowledge in the attempt to rescue the diabetic phenotype using LNA antagomirs as possible therapeutics to influence insulin and glucagon secretion. (lu.se)
  • Altogether, our studies aim to increase the understanding of insulin- and glucagon secretion in the complex disease diabetes. (lu.se)
Short-chain5
  • Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. (springer.com)
  • More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
  • Insoluble fiber has a variety of ascribed benefits, particularly related to the changes in the gut production of short-chain fatty acids, which are incredibly important for optimizing intestinal function. (medscape.com)
  • We know that short-chain fatty acids increase secretion of immunoglobulins, induce regulatory T-cell tissue repair, promote antimicrobial peptides and mucus production, and basically optimize intestinal function and the intestinal barrier integrity. (medscape.com)
  • Short-chain fatty acids also serve as a marker, particularly when they're reduced. (medscape.com)
Glucose10
  • Appearance of new glucose in the blood is reduced by inhibiting secretion of the gluconeogenic hormone glucagon. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Cells possess inherent mechanisms to adapt to overnutrition and the prevailing concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, and other fuels to maintain glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Both glucose and fatty acids may cause good/adaptive or evil/toxic actions on the β-cell, depending on their concentrations and the time during which they are elevated. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We discuss here the emerging view that β-cell "glucotoxicity" is in part indirectly caused by "lipotoxicity," and that β-cell abnormalities will become particularly apparent when both glucose and circulating fatty acids are high. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We support the concept that elevated glucose and fatty acids synergize in causing toxicity in islets and other organs, a process that may be instrumental in the pleiotropic defects associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and plasma urea nitrogen did not differ by treatment. (unl.edu)
  • The scientists found that a pathway independent of glucose, but sensitive to fatty acids, appears to drive insulin secretion in the early stages of diabetes. (ucla.edu)
  • The team found that in beta cells from obese, pre-diabetic animals, a protein known as Cyclophilin D, or CypD, induced a phenomenon known as "proton leak," and that this leak promoted insulin secretion in the absence of elevated glucose. (ucla.edu)
  • The team confirmed the same process was taking place in isolated human pancreas cells: In the presence of fatty acids at levels that would be typical in obese humans, the cells secreted insulin in the absence of elevated glucose. (ucla.edu)
  • A well-known example of nutrient sensing is the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets as a result of an elevated blood glucose level. (helsinki.fi)
Gastric2
  • There are many fatty acids showing biological activities and being used as drugs such as antibiotics, antifungi, tumor inhibitors, and gastric secretion inhibitors. (usda.gov)
  • Furthermore, it influences feeding and digestion since it has been shown to decrease food intake, gastric secretion, and intestinal motility. (bachem.com)
Omega-3 fa3
  • SAN DIEGO - Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves the signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction, a new study shows. (medscape.com)
  • The 1.2 g daily dose of omega-3 fatty acid consisted of eicosapentaenoic acid 720 mg and docosahexaenoic acid 480 mg. (medscape.com)
  • The study needs to be reproduced before physicians can be certain that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation will improve the symptoms of dry eye, he pointed out. (medscape.com)
Supplementation3
  • Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to influence PG production in many species, although the effects on the mare remain unknown. (arizona.edu)
  • Unfortunately, the influence of urea supplementation on metabolics, adipose tissue mobilization, and mammary secretions is limited in beef cows. (unl.edu)
  • Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the influence of urea supplementation on metabolic profiles, morphometrics, and mammary secretions. (unl.edu)
Microbial3
  • Adaptive laboratory evolution of microbial co-cultures for improved metabolite secretion. (embl.org)
  • Dietary fat also affects the gut microbiota directly and indirectly through bile acid secretion and the microbial conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of microbial endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFA), muramic acid, and ergosterol and evaluate inflammatory responses in human monocytes and bronchial epithelial cells with various dust samples. (cdc.gov)
Metabolites1
  • We examined whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) overexpression and a subsequent increase in mitochondrial content and function in rat primary hepatocytes (in vitro) and Sprague-Dawley rats (in vivo) would comprehensively alter mitochondrial lipid metabolism, including complete (CO(2)) and incomplete (acid-soluble metabolites) fatty acid oxidation (FAO), tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and triacylglycerol (TAG) storage and export. (eurekamag.com)
Oxidation3
  • Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is a good idea to ensure that the supplement contains [[vitamin E]] as vitamin E prevents the fatty acids from becoming rancid due to oxidation. (copperwiki.org)
  • Because malonyl CoA inhibits transport of fatty acid into the mitochondrion, beta-oxidation of fatty acids for energy to support the hypoglycemic cells does not occur. (medscape.com)
Hepatic4
  • In conclusion, overexpression of hepatic PGC-1α and subsequent increases in FAO through elevated mitochondrial content and/or function result in reduced TAG storage and secretion in the in vitro and in vivo milieu. (eurekamag.com)
  • We identified tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) as crucial mediators of cancer-induced hepatic reprogramming, which could be reversed by reducing tumour EVP secretion via depletion of Rab27a . (nature.com)
  • In the last decade, it has been shown that metformin, thiazolidinediones, vitamin E, ezetimibe, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, and antiobesity drugs may improve hepatic pathophysiological disorders as well as clinical parameters. (hindawi.com)
  • According to the AASLD's practice guidelines for NAFLD [ 5 ], NAFLD is histologically subdivided into nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and a more severe condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which sometimes advances over several decades to life-threatening hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
Adipose tissue1
Insulin resistance5
Free fatty3
  • In the present investigation we compared blood epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol concentrations in response to a capsaicinoid supplement or placebo in healthy adults before and after acute exercise. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because both EPI and NE interact with hormone sensitive lipase, an increase in triglyceride degradation may be observed with capsaicinoid intake, which may lead to an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Severe hypoglycemia stimulates epinephrine secretion, which activates lipoprotein lipase and the release of free fatty acids. (medscape.com)
Metabolic1
  • My research topic is closely connected with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and fatty liver. (helsinki.fi)
Cytokine2
  • The lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion was not affected. (omega-research.com)
  • Dust-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in human monocytes and bronchial epithelial cells was evaluated. (cdc.gov)
Essential fatty2
Microbiota1
  • In particular, we explored the modulation of the human microbiota, in response to MD adherence, focusing the attention on polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and fiber. (karger.com)
Metabolism5
  • Dr Barbara Fielding talks about her research on the metabolism of fatty acids. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that inflammation, fatty liver and dysregulated metabolism are hallmarks of systemically affected livers in mouse models and in patients with extrahepatic metastasis. (nature.com)
  • The fatty acid cargo of tumour EVPs-particularly palmitic acid-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by Kupffer cells, generating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, suppressing fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, and promoting fatty liver formation. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, CGRP might be important in processes such as control of fetoplacental vascular tone, regulation of calcium metabolism and insulin secretion, acetylcholine receptor synthesis, peripheral nerve regeneration, and neurogenic inflammation. (bachem.com)
  • It enhances the process of thermogenesis and speeds up metabolism by stimulating the release of fatty acids into the bloodstream. (nanaimobulletin.com)
Prostaglandin2
  • Increased secretion of prostaglandin F 2 α (PGF 2 α) within the uterus because of uterine inflammation can cause luteolysis and result in early embryonic loss. (arizona.edu)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 secretion from whole blood culture supernatants (n = 59) decreased in a majority of the omega-3-supplemented mothers (18 of 28, p = 0.002). (omega-research.com)
Pancreas2
Hormone1
  • this neurotransmitter controls mood, sleep patterns, and even hormone secretion. (nanaimobulletin.com)
Nonalcoholic fatty l2
  • Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
  • 20 g ethanol/day) is referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Diabetes1
  • Others and we suggest that the beta cell release primed insulin granules during first phase insulin secretion, which is lacking in individuals with pre-diabetes. (lu.se)
Synthesis5
  • The present study aimed to determine fatty acid uptake in equine endometrial explants and evaluate their influence on PG secretion and expression of enzymes involved in PG synthesis in vitro. (arizona.edu)
  • Alborn HT, Jones TH, Stenhagen GS, Tumlinson JH (2000) Identification and synthesis of volicitin and related components from beet armyworm oral secretions. (springer.com)
  • Highly selective asymmetric synthesis of 2-hydroxy fatty acids has been accomplished through chiral imide enolates. (usda.gov)
  • These fatty acids are transported to the liver, where they are used for triglyceride synthesis and are exported as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is elevated in these patients. (medscape.com)
  • Paradoxically, even in the face of hypoglycemia, patients with glycogen-storage disease I do not develop significant ketosis because the abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) derived from glycolysis activates the acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme that produces malonyl CoA in the first step of fatty acid synthesis. (medscape.com)
Vitro1
  • Treatment with PUFAs, specifically DHA, can influence PG secretion in vitro through mechanisms other than enzyme expression. (arizona.edu)
PUFA1
  • Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)
Leptin2
Induce1
  • Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) are HAMPs present in oral secretions (OS) of lepidopteran larvae that induce defense responses in many plant species. (springer.com)
Intestinal1
  • Therefore, we can say that the short-chain fatty acid derivative from the intestinal microbiome does have central nervous system-related effects. (medscape.com)
Lipids3
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids can assist in cholesterol issues by reducing the amount of lipids circulating in the bloodstream. (dietbites.com)
  • The fatty acid profile in plasma lipids contributes to the increase of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation and predictor of cardiovascular risk. (karger.com)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between specific fatty acids (FA) of serum lipids and serum hsCRP in morbidly obese woman. (karger.com)
Systemic1
  • Also causes lower aldosterone secretion, thus reducing systemic and glomerular capillary pressure. (medscape.com)
Liver Disease1
  • Alcohol consumption has been associated with alcoholic hepatitis, fatty infiltration of the liver, accelerated progression of liver disease, a higher frequency of cirrhosis, a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. (aafp.org)
Bile1
  • Secreted by the liver, bile is composed largely of bile salts, bile pigments and small amounts of organic materials such as cholesterol, lecithin, fatty acid and mucin. (cdc.gov)
Tumor2
  • The IAPP promoter is also activated by stimuli which do not affect insulin, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agricultural dusts induced monocyte tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and epithelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. (cdc.gov)
Amounts2
  • They contain tissue secretion and larger amounts of fat. (usz.ch)
  • Among these, 41 studies were ex- in the release of higher amounts of fatty challenge to Arab governments due to cluded because the samples were not acids into the circulation. (who.int)
Deficiency2
  • Symptoms Of Deficiency == Recent research shows that most people do not consume enough omega-3 fatty acids. (copperwiki.org)
  • However, the symptoms for gauging whether one is suffering from a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids are vague. (copperwiki.org)
Uptake1
Notably1
  • Notably, Kupffer cell ablation or TNF blockade markedly decreased tumour-induced fatty liver generation. (nature.com)
Walnuts2
Findings3
  • We also observed fatty liver and decreased cytochrome P450 expression at diagnosis in tumour-free livers of patients with pancreatic cancer who later developed extrahepatic metastasis, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. (nature.com)
  • Recent findings on the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids and statins, and their interactions: do statins inhibit omega-3? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have called into question previous findings of a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids in ischemic heart disease , he reported. (medscape.com)
Dependent2
  • The mechanism was dependent on fatty acids, which are normally incapable of stimulating insulin secretion in healthy animals. (ucla.edu)
  • Monocyte and epithelial IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was not dependent on endotoxin. (cdc.gov)
Polyunsaturated fats1
Tissue1
  • Injuries to the fatty tissue , such as from surgery or an accident. (usz.ch)
Antioxidants1
  • Brain function is more likely to be improved when exercise is combined with diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and B-vitamins, in people who have regular and supportive social contacts, and - related to the theme of this blog - in those individuals who exercise with their body sense . (psychologytoday.com)
Composition1
  • Total mammary secretions were sampled for composition. (unl.edu)
Symptoms1
  • Previous research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the symptoms of dry eye by stabilizing tear film and increasing tear secretion. (medscape.com)
Biological1
  • The method provides scientists with a new and convenient tool for improving biological activities of existing fatty acids to develop better drugs. (usda.gov)
Exercise2
Increase1
  • PGC-1α overexpression in primary hepatocytes produced an increase in markers of mitochondrial content and function (citrate synthase, mitochondrial DNA, and electron transport system complex proteins) and an increase in FAO, which was accompanied by reduced TAG storage and TAG secretion compared with control. (eurekamag.com)
Beneficial1
Responses1
  • Muramic acid, endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and ergosterol content explain monocyte and epithelial cell inflammatory responses to agricultural dusts. (cdc.gov)
Type1
  • Structure of the mycobacterial ESX-5 type VII secretion system pore complex. (embl.org)
Controls1
  • 0.0001) from endometrial explants challenged with oxytocin or LPS compared with controls despite which fatty acid was added. (arizona.edu)
Prevention1
Evidence1
  • Because of careful patient selection, this study provides strong evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are effective in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, said Dr Jain. (medscape.com)
Brain1
  • There are also some data on short-chain fatty acid production as it relates to crossing the blood-brain barrier. (medscape.com)