Fatty acyl coa substrates coa or palmitoyl coa. Medical search. Frequent questions

The activation of fatty acids occurs in the cytosol and beta-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. (hmdb.ca)
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. (hmdb.ca)
One of several enzymes that catalyse the first step in fatty acids β-oxidation. (enzyme-database.org)
Under normal conditions, the human body guarantees a constant energy supply, by metabolizing glucose in the short term and by oxidizing fatty acids into ketones during long term fasting or starvation. (siderac.com)
This can cause too many unused fatty acids to build up in the body. (siderac.com)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a disorder of fatty acid oxidation, the process by which the body breaks down fatty acids from food for energy. (siderac.com)
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, myopathic form Disease definition The myopathic form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency, an inherited metabolic disorder that affects mitochondrial oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), is the most common and the least severe form of CPT II deficiency (see this term). (siderac.com)
MCTs are saturated fatty acids found in animal and plant sources and contain 8-12 carbons. (jomes.org)
Involved in the initial and rate-limiting step of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of straight-chain saturated and unsaturated very-long-chain fatty acids (PubMed:7876265, PubMed:15060085, PubMed:17458872, PubMed:17603022, PubMed:32169171, PubMed:33234382). (swisspalm.org)
Additionally, the use of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and other nutraceuticals for their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to dampen chronic inflammation and improve mobility in dogs with osteoarthritis, a common sequela to many orthopedic procedures, is discussed. (veteriankey.com)
The citric acid cycle is a complex of many enzymes that convert the by-products of glucose, protein, and fat degradation as pyruvate (glucose and some amino acids) and acetate (fatty acids and some amino acids) into covalently bound CoA moieties to make acetyl CoA, the major entry point substrate for the citric acid cycle ( Figure 4.1 ). (veteriankey.com)
Unfortunately, traditional fatty acid oxidation does not work for branched-chain fatty acids, or fatty acids that do not have an even number of carbons, like the fatty acid phytanic acid, found in animal milk. (smpdb.ca)
Classic fatty acid metabolism involves the breakdown of fatty acids by beta-oxidation within the mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the activated long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitoyl-CoA, cannot diffuse through the mitochondrial inner membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
A shuttle system, composed of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)1, translocase, and Cpt2, is required to transfer activated long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ceramides are derived from the linkage of palmitoyl-CoA with serine followed by N-acylation with C16 to C24 fatty acids (boxed). (iupui.edu)
We are interested in the metabolic origins of the long and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) incorporated into biologically active lipids such as ceramides and other sphingolipids. (iupui.edu)
VLCFA (very long chain fatty acids) are unusual fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms that are incorporated into a variety of eukaryotic lipids including membrane sphingolipids and glycerolipids, seed storage oils and surface waxes in plants and eicosanoids, such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins in mammals. (iupui.edu)
VLCFA are produced by the elongation of 16 and 18 carbon-long fatty acids made by the fatty acid synthase pathway. (iupui.edu)
In plants, the sequential elongation of plastid-derived fatty acids is accomplished by four distinct polypeptides catalyzing condensation, reduction and dehydration reactions. (iupui.edu)
Long chain fatty acids (oleic acid) are taken up by the cell and converted to LC-CoA, which is transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria by CPT-1. (bioz.com)
The pancreas secretes pancreatic lipase , colipase, and cholesterol esterase , which hydrolyze the lipid into cholesterol , fatty acids , and 2-monoglyceride molecules. (amboss.com)
A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds. (lookformedical.com)
Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (lookformedical.com)
FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. (lookformedical.com)
These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form. (lookformedical.com)
Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that are made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule. (lookformedical.com)
A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon. (lookformedical.com)
A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (lookformedical.com)
Kindl, H. (1987) β -Oxidation of fatty acids by specific organelles. (springer.com)
As a mechanism for the utilization of fatty acids, FAO is a major bioenergetic pathway, which is upregulated under conditions of prolonged fasting, exercise or metabolic stress9,10. (docksci.com)
Among the enzymes in the FAO pathway, the reduced activity of CPT1A, which is essential for the proper transport and oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in mitochondria may promote type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance11,12. (docksci.com)
Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri- , di- , and monoglycerides and phospholipids ), as well as other sterol -containing metabolites such as cholesterol . (wikidoc.org)
Fatty acyls (including fatty acids ) are a diverse group of molecules synthesized by chain-elongation of an acetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA groups. (wikidoc.org)
Typically one or both of these hydroxyl groups are acylated with long-chain fatty acids, but there are also alkyl-linked and 1Z-alkenyl-linked (plasmalogen) glycerophospholipids, as well as dialkylether variants in prokaryotes. (wikidoc.org)

The activation is catalyzed by palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase and the reaction proceeds through a two step mechanism, in which palmitoyl-AMP is an intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis Palmitic acid Coenzyme A Coenzyme A CoA Brady, R.N. (wikipedia.org)
Palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
Hauge, J.G., Crane, F.L. and Beinert, H. On the mechanism of dehydrogenation of fatty acyl derivatives of coenzyme A. III. (enzyme-database.org)
CPT-2 deficiency occurs when an enzyme, called carnitine palmitoyl transferase - type 2 (CPT-2… Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT-2 or CPT-II) is one of a family of carnitine acyltransferases in humans that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups between coenzyme A (CoASH) and L-carnitine, converting fatty acyl-CoA esters into fatty acyl-carnitine esters. (siderac.com)
Cpt1 catalyzes the transfer of the acyl group from coenzyme A to carnitine. (biomedcentral.com)
These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. (ymdb.ca)
Decanoyl coenzyme A is a substrate for acyltransferase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) is coupled with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by Vibrio cholera CqsA enzyme to produce a potent quorum-sensing molecule, 3-aminotridec-2-en-4-one (Ea-CAI-1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Acyl coenzyme A dependent retinol esterification by acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. (rhea-db.org)
The apparent K(m) values of recombinant DGAT1/ARAT for retinol and palmitoyl coenzyme A were determined to be 25.9+/-2.1 microM and 13.9+/-0.3 microM, respectively, both of which are similar to the values previously determined for ARAT in native tissues. (rhea-db.org)
A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. (lookformedical.com)
Hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation was suppressed by ethanol in associated with inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1. (cancerhugs.com)
The NAD+ reduction was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm for 5 min by addition of 0.01 mM palmitoyl-CoA to the assay mixture containing 47 mM Tris·HCl (pH 8.0) 0.2 mM NAD+ 1 mM dithiothreitol 0.0075% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin 0.01% (wt/vol) Triton X-100 0.1 mM coenzyme A 0.01 mM flavin adenine dinucleotide and 1 mM KCN. (cancerhugs.com)
The membrane was probed with polyclonal antibody against acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1 Proteintech Chicago IL). (cancerhugs.com)
Fatty esters include important biochemical intermediates such as wax esters , fatty acyl thioester coenzyme A derivatives, fatty acyl thioester ACP derivatives and fatty acyl carnitines. (wikidoc.org)

It is an "activated" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
Cell Rep. … Once in the matrix, carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II) hydrolyses the acyl-carnitine to free carnitine and LC-CoA, for beta-oxidation. (siderac.com)
Click links below to explore KE 1528, Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation, Decreased in tools offered by third parties. (aopwiki.org)
ATP generation occurs through beta-oxidation of fat and glucose oxidation through glycolysis, both of which lead to acetyl CoA production. (veteriankey.com)
In the majority of organisms, fatty acid degradation occurs mostly through the beta-oxidation cycle. (smpdb.ca)

Palmitoyl-Carnitine + CoA-SH}}} This transesterification reaction is catalyzed by carnitine palmitoyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
12 , 16 , 17 Unlike long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), MCTs can easily pass through the mitochondrial membrane without carnitine palmitoyl transferase or a shuttle system. (jomes.org)
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency is the most commonly identified metabolic cause of recurrent myoglobulinemia in adults and has been reported in more than 150 patients. (medscape.com)
carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) deficiency 1/300 000, respectively), they do represent one of the more common causes of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, and prompt recognition by the treating physician is important. (essayempire.com)
Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (lookformedical.com)

Alternatively, palmitoyl-CoA is used as a substrate in the biosynthesis of sphingosine (this biosynthetic pathway does not require transfer into the mitochondria). (wikipedia.org)
Ikeda, Y., Ikeda, K.O. and Tanaka, K. Purification and characterization of short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from rat liver mitochondria. (enzyme-database.org)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) is the enzyme in the outer mitochondrial membrane that converts long-chain acyl-CoA species to their corresponding long-chain acyl-carnitines for transport into the mitochondria (see Fig. Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Bezafibrate Treatment in Patients With the Myopathic Form of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2 Deficiency. (siderac.com)
18 - 21 The liver mitochondria convert additional acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetate (Ac) or oxalacetate. (jomes.org)
Although other conditions, such as amino acid and fatty acid oxidation defects, also occur in the mitochondria, they are not traditionally considered part of the mitochondrial disorders. (essayempire.com)

Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. (wikipedia.org)
a long-chain acyl-CoA = an acyl-CoA thioester where the acyl chain contains 13 to 22 carbon atoms. (enzyme-database.org)

The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Of the two most abundant fatty acyl retinyl esters present in the intact differentiated Caco-2 cells, XP620 selectively inhibits retinyl-oleate formation without influencing the retinyl-palmitate formation. (rhea-db.org)
Other major lipid classes in the fatty acyl category are the fatty esters and fatty amides. (wikidoc.org)
Glycerolipids are composed mainly of mono-, di- and tri-substituted glycerols, [5] the most well-known being the fatty acid esters of glycerol (triacylglycerols), also known as triglycerides . (wikidoc.org)

However, long chain fatty acyl-CoA cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
18 - 21 However, MCTs rapidly cross the mitochondrial membrane and enter metabolic pathways to be beta-oxidized, producing a larger amount of acetyl-CoA than carbohydrates (CHOs). (jomes.org)
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (lookformedical.com)
It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier, which remains intact after sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, prevents rapid access of acyl-GoA substrates to matrix β oxidation tes. (springer.com)
Rupturing of the mitochondrial membrane allowed rapid access of acyl CoAs to matrix sites. (springer.com)

A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. (lookformedical.com)
Galliard, T. (1980) Degradation of acyl lipids: hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. (springer.com)
Although the term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym for fats , fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides and should not be confused with the term fatty acid . (wikidoc.org)
[3] [4] The fatty acyl structure represents the major lipid building block of complex lipids and therefore is one of the most fundamental categories of biological lipids. (wikidoc.org)

The enzyme from pig liver can accept substrates with acyl chain lengths of 6 to at least 16 carbon atoms. (enzyme-database.org)
The enzyme from rat can accept substrates with C 8 -C 22 . (enzyme-database.org)
To assess the effects of acylcarnitine accumulation on muscle insulin sensitivity, a model of muscle acylcarnitine accumulation was generated by deleting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) specifically from skeletal muscle (Cpt2 Sk−/− mice).CPT2 is an irreplaceable enzyme for mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, converting matrix acylcarnitines to acyl-CoAs. (siderac.com)
By comparing the gene expression profiles of somatic cells, intermediate-phase cells, and iPSCs, we found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)1b, a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, was significantly upregulated in the early stage of the reprogramming process. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that deficiency of NOX4 resulted in reduced expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which is a key mitochondrial enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway. (docksci.com)

Flux through the elongation pathway is controlled by an initial condensation step catalyzed by a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). (iupui.edu)
The expression levels of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), HSL (Hormone-sensitive lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and PPARα/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma) were significantly changed in the sheep preadipocytes during differentiation for 7 days. (academic-accelerator.com)
In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression. (academic-accelerator.com)
The expression of regulatory molecules, TGF-β1/2, phospho-Akt (Ser473), PPARα, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and acyl dehydrogenases was analyzed in virus-infected hepatocytes. (academic-accelerator.com)

8Acetyl-CoA + 7NADH + 7H+ + 7FADH2}}} Palmitoyl-CoA is also the starting substrate, along with Serine, for sphingolipid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Palmityl CoA dehydrogenase. (enzyme-database.org)
Palmityl-CoA, also known as palmitoyl CoA or CoA, palmitoyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. (ymdb.ca)
Palmityl-CoA is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (ymdb.ca)

Palmitoyl CoA formed from palmitic acid, in the reaction below. (wikipedia.org)
The full oxidation of palmitic acid (or palmitoyl-CoA) results in 8 acetyl-CoA's, 7 NADH, 7 H+, and 7 FADH2. (wikipedia.org)

A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage. (hmdb.ca)
In the middle is a triglyceride composed of oleoyl , stearoyl , and palmitoyl chains attached to a glycerol backbone. (wikidoc.org)

Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously reported that cellular metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis, are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions6,7. (docksci.com)

The inhibition by malonyl-CoA is characteristic of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 1, but not of type 2. (siderac.com)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. (siderac.com)

We investigated androgen receptor inhibition on fat metabolism and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins in skeletal muscle during exercise. (biomedcentral.com)

Palmitoyl CoA and Serine participate in a condensation reaction catalyzed by serine C-palmitoyltransferase (SPT), in which 3-ketosphinganine is formed. (wikipedia.org)
Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds [7] that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone that is synthesized de novo from serine and a long-chain fatty acyl CoA, then converted into ceramides , phosphosphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and other species. (wikidoc.org)

Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length. (swisspalm.org)
Shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs. (swisspalm.org)

We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. (lookformedical.com)

Ethanol publicity activated lipolysis but decreased fatty acidity uptake capacity in association with dysregulation of lipid metabolism genes. (cancerhugs.com)
These results exhibited that activation of PPAR-γ by rosiglitazone reverses ethanol-induced adipose dysfunction and lipid dyshomeostasis at the WAT-liver axis thereby abrogating alcoholic fatty liver. (cancerhugs.com)

Palmitoyl-CoA + AMP + Pyrophosphate}}} This reaction is often referred to as the "activation" of a fatty acid. (wikipedia.org)
Palmitoyl-Carnitine may translocate across the membrane, and once on matrix side, the reaction proceeds in reverse as CoA-SH is recombined with palmitoyl-CoA, and released. (wikipedia.org)
Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. (lookformedical.com)

Although studies have shown a role for ELOs in the production of 3-ketoacyl-CoAs, the direct product of classical fatty acid condensing enzymes, evidence that ELOs, themselves, are condensing enzymes is lacking. (iupui.edu)
CerS enzymes have different affinities for acyl-CoA substrates, resulting in the generation of dihydroceramides with differing chain lengths (C14-C26). (frontiersin.org)
Gerhardt, B. (1983) Localization of β -oxidation enzymes in peroxsomes isolated from non-fatty plant tissues. (springer.com)

Together, these data indicate that inhibition of AR might lead to significant amelioration in hyperglycemia-induced dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (hindawi.com)
Our data suggest that inhibition of AR in the T2DM db/db mice led to significant activation in hepatic PPAR α and significant reductions in serum triglycerides (TG) and hepatic TG, suggesting that under hyperglycemia, AR/the polyol pathway might be greatly upregulated to contribute significantly to the hepatic regulation of TG metabolism and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (hindawi.com)

EC 1.3.8.1 , short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, EC 1.3.8.8, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and EC 1.3.8.9 , very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. (enzyme-database.org)
Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. (swisspalm.org)
The number of molecular species of sphingolipids found in cells is astounding with diversification at three different positions within the sphingolipid molecule (the long-chain base, the long or very long chain acyl group and the head group). (iupui.edu)
This combinatorial-like diversification suggests that a specific sphingolipid (that is, one with a defined long chain base, N-linked acyl chain and head group) may be required for each of the diverse functions of the class of sphingolipids. (iupui.edu)

Crane, F.L., Hauge, J.G. and Beinert, H. Flavoproteins involved in the first oxidative step of the fatty acid cycle. (enzyme-database.org)
In the early reprogramming process, fatty acid oxidation upregulated oxidative phosphorylation and downregulated protein kinase C activity. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation promotes reprogramming by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting protein kinase C activity in the early stage of the reprogramming process. (biomedcentral.com)

Rosiglitazone elevated plasma adiponectin level and normalized peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation rate. (cancerhugs.com)

Pereyra AS, Lin CT, Sanchez DM, Laskin J, Spangenburg EE, Neufer PD, Fisher-Wellman K, Ellis JM (2022) Skeletal muscle undergoes fiber type metabolic switch without myosin heavy chain switch in response to defective fatty acid oxidation. (oroboros.at)
Notably, fatty acid metabolism has been linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation4,5,7 ,a process that is implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity-derived diabetes or insulin resistance8. (docksci.com)

Monoacylglycerols are formed biochemically via release of a fatty acid from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase or hormone sensitive lipase. (hmdb.ca)

Figure 4.1 The citric acid cycle showing acetyl CoA entry and the formation of NADH and FADH 2 with the liberation of CO 2 and GTP. (veteriankey.com)

Sharma, R. (2013), "Biochemical Mechanisms of Fatty Liver and Bioactive Foods", Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease, Elsevier, pp. 709-741, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397154-8.00041-5, ISBN 978-0-12-397154-8 Kamel, Kamel S. (wikipedia.org)
Testing the model's ability to predict palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA dehydrogenation in human liver lysate, with and without anti-MCAD and anti-VLCAD antibodies. (fairdomhub.org)
It is a substrate for human liver glycine- N -acylase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is known that diabetes, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in particular, is often associated with hepatic accumulation of triglycerides in both rodents and humans, which might eventually lead to the development of hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
The development of alcohol-induced fatty liver organ is connected with a reduced amount of white adipose tissue (WAT). (cancerhugs.com)

Their metabolism is best understood in plants where they are produced by a membrane-bound fatty acid elongase complex. (iupui.edu)

We are interested in uncovering the complementary and contrasting roles of the alternative elongation pathways and the function of sphingolipids that incorporate the fatty acid products of these pathways in signal transduction/developmental processes. (iupui.edu)

Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. (swisspalm.org)
Catalyzes the desaturation of fatty acyl-CoAs such as palmitoyl-CoA (hexadecanoyl-CoA) to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs ((2E)-enoyl-CoAs) such as (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA, and donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen (O(2)), thereby producing hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (PubMed:7876265, PubMed:17458872, PubMed:17603022). (swisspalm.org)

Yeast and other organisms as widely ranging as microalgae, moss, fungi, worms and mammals appear to use a different fatty acid elongation pathway involving gene products called ELOs (for fatty acid elongation). (iupui.edu)
Interestingly, both KCS and ELO genes are present in the D. discoideum genome and therefore, this organism represents an opportunity to dissect out the roles of KCSs and ELOs in fatty acid elongation. (iupui.edu)

Furthermore, palmitoylcarnitine or acetyl-CoA, the primary and final products of Cpt1-mediated fatty acid oxidation, also promoted reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)

Although recent evidence has suggested that MCT oil supplementation may lead to an improvement in endurance and substrate utilization, contradicting studies have reported the ergogenic benefits of MCT oil toward exercise performance. (jomes.org)
Moreover, this study examined any alterations in substrate utilization and various physiological components while using MCT oil. (jomes.org)
MCT oil showed very little to no ergogenic effects on exercise performance and substrate utilization in healthy populations. (jomes.org)
Current trends in the supplementation and fitness industries have led to the use of ergogenic aids to increase exercise performance, substrate utilization, and the mechanisms behind these factors. (jomes.org)
Sporting dogs have a multitude of different activities that likely require dietary modifications for optimal performance that revolve around substrate utilization. (veteriankey.com)

Acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA should not be confused with each other. (amboss.com)
Acetyl-CoA is the acyl-CoA of acetic acid (also known as acetate). (amboss.com)

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. (lookformedical.com)

Controlling CPT-I M-CoA Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle: The Importance of AMPK-Independent Regulation of Intermediate Filaments During Exercise. (uoguelph.ca)

Examples of biologically interesting fatty acyls are the eicosanoids which are in turn derived from arachidonic acid which include prostaglandins , leukotrienes , and thromboxanes . (wikidoc.org)

Shows optimum activity with a chain length of 10 carbons (decanoyl-CoA) in vitro. (swisspalm.org)

No matter where substrates enter the citric acid cycle, they are eventually turned into carbon dioxide, with oxygen as the reactant in the process for generating ATP (Shulman & Petersen, 2009). (veteriankey.com)
A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. (lookformedical.com)

However, little is known about the fatty acid transport mechanism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms6

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care1

Acids40

Coenzyme17

Beta-oxidation5

Transferase5

Mitochondria5

Thioester2

Esters4

Mitochondrial membrane5

Lipids4

Enzyme5

Synthase4

Biosynthesis1

Palmityl CoA3

Palmitic acid2

Glycerol2

Synthesis2

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase2

LCFA1

Serine2

Chain fatty2

Amino acid2

Lipid2

Reaction3

Enzymes3

Inhibition2

Long chain4

Oxidative3

Peroxisomal fatty acid1

Metabolic2

Hormone sensit1

NADH1

Liver5

Metabolism1

Sphingolipids1

CoAs2

Acid elongation2

Palmitoylcarnitine1

Utilization5

Acetyl2

Abundant fatty1

Skeletal muscle1

Biologically1

Vitro1

Carbon2

Mechanism1