• They are highly regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, which led to their involvement in lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • By quantifying individual lipid species, researchers can gain insight into the regulation of lipid metabolism in various biological systems. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • The study of fatty acid metabolism gained importance during the 1970s when investigators and clinicians recognized patients who appeared to have genetic defects in this area. (medscape.com)
  • In 1973, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) deficiency became the first fatty acid metabolism condition to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic high glucose dramatically influences β-cell lipid metabolism via substrate availability, changes in the activity and expression of enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism, and modifications in the expression level of key transcription factors. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Impact of short- and medium-chain organic acids, acylcarnitines, and acyl-CoAs on mitochondrial energy metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The most common approach involved is the use of gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization (GC-FID) detection to study either the total lipids in overall fatty acid metabolism or lipid fractions of plasma/serum. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • The main biological process affected based on gene expression analysis was lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, no major changes in the expression of lipid metabolism genes were observed in the colon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesized that, using long-term dietary intervention studies, dietary fatty acid composition may modulate gene expression and lipid metabolism in the intestine, and that especially EPA and DHA may stimulate expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acid oxidation disorders are lipid metabolism disorders that are caused by a lack or deficiency of the enzymes needed to break down fats, resulting in delayed mental and physical development. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fatty acids are liberated by the enzymatic action of phospholipase A on phospholipids ( Probes for Lipid Metabolism and Signaling-Section 17.4 ) and also by various other lipases. (thermofisher.com)
  • The role of carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) in control of hepatic lipid metabolism in developing small-for-estational-age piglets. (ncsu.edu)
  • In particular the lipid metabolism-despite being central to cellular regulation and development-is not well explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The obtained lipid profiles are crucial in revealing the lipid metabolism of malaria parasites and identifying targets to interfere with this deadly disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OBJECTIVE- A selective rise in hypothalamic lipid metabolism and the subsequent activation of SUR1/Kir6.2 ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels inhibit hepatic glucose production. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The mechanisms that link the ability of hypothalamic lipid metabolism to the activation of K ATP channels remain unknown. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In this review, we introduce mass spectrometry-based analytical methods contributing to recent discovery of various metabolic pathways regulating ferroptosis, focusing on cysteine metabolism, antioxidant metabolism, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. (bmbreports.org)
  • Lipid metabolism is pivotal for the growth of apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids are crucial to the biology of all cells and organisms, acting not only as primary sources of energy but also as regulators of metabolism and growth, participating in various signaling networks [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is likely that apoO participates in fatty acid metabolism and the inflammatory response in HepG2 cells, and UCP2 may act as a mediator between lipid metabolism and inflammation in apoO-silenced HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, apoO seems to be implicated in lipid metabolism and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acids are the simplest form of lipids. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Fatty acids can be further classified into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids based on the presence or absence of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • With attention focused on the definition of additional disorders, researchers described patients with a Reye syndrome-like presentation who excreted dicarboxylic acids of chain lengths C6-C10 in their urine. (medscape.com)
  • The beta-oxidation cycle permits the cell to extract energy from the breakdown of fatty acids with linkage to an accessory pathway for the formation of acetoacetate. (medscape.com)
  • Fatty acids shorter than C12 do not require CPT activity for mitochondrial entry. (medscape.com)
  • β-Cells possess inherent mechanisms to adapt to overnutrition and the prevailing concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, and other fuels to maintain glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Both glucose and fatty acids may cause good/adaptive or evil/toxic actions on the β-cell, depending on their concentrations and the time during which they are elevated. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We discuss here the emerging view that β-cell "glucotoxicity" is in part indirectly caused by "lipotoxicity," and that β-cell abnormalities will become particularly apparent when both glucose and circulating fatty acids are high. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We support the concept that elevated glucose and fatty acids synergize in causing toxicity in islets and other organs, a process that may be instrumental in the pleiotropic defects associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Medium-chain fatty acids accumulating in MCAD deficiency elicit lipid and protein oxidative damage and decrease non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in rat brain. (medscape.com)
  • Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular the long chain marine fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), are linked to many health benefits in humans and in animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Little is known of the molecular response to DHA and EPA of the small intestine, and the potential contribution of this organ to the beneficial effects of these fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acid uptake, peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and omega-oxidation of fatty acids were all increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that marine n-3 fatty acids regulate small intestinal gene expression and increase fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of n-3 series show many beneficial health effects, both in animal models and humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To resolve the potential health benefits of these fatty acids, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of those studies focused on liver and white adipose tissue (WAT), which is not surprising given the fact that these are considered the main target organs in a dietary intervention with fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Linoleic acid is the other essential fatty acid, but it, and the other n −6 fatty acids, compete with n −3s for positions in cell membranes and have very different effects on human health. (wikipedia.org)
  • The acyl lipids in strain 1/15 contain predominantly branched-chain fatty acids, mainly anteiso-15:0. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In nutrient-poor medium a wider range is found, including unsaturated fatty acids, which are absent when a nutrient-rich medium is used. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A decrease in growth temperature produced a shortening of the average fatty acid chain length in rich medium, whereas in poor medium there was a decrease in straight chain, saturated and unsaturated relative to branched-chain fatty acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The acyl lipids of strain 2/10 contain 16:0 and 16:1 as the major fatty acids, particularly in rich medium, when they comprise >90% of the total. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. (thermofisher.com)
  • E.coli lipid A acyltransferases do not have an absolute specificity for 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids but can transfer fatty acids differing by one carbon unit if the fatty acid substrates are available. (cathdb.info)
  • When grown on 1% propionic acid, lipid A also contains the odd-chain fatty acids tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hydroxytridecanoic acid, and hydroxypentadecanoic acid. (cathdb.info)
  • The encoded enzyme is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of bioactive lipids, including those from the three main classes of fatty acid amides, N-acylethanolamines, fatty acid primary amides and N-acyl amino acids. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The Fatty Acid Glycerides category contains mono-, di- and tri-esters of glycerol and linear saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (fatty acids). (europa.eu)
  • Acyl glycerides in the category are mono-, di- and tri-esters of glycerol and fatty acids. (europa.eu)
  • Triglycerides with three short-chain fatty acids are removed in the process. (europa.eu)
  • Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) possess more than twenty carbon atoms and are the major components of seed storage oil, wax, and lipids. (nature.com)
  • Fatty acids of this group can be found abundantly in the form of suberins, sphingolipids, leaf cuticles, pollen epidermis, and cork cells. (nature.com)
  • We offer fluorescent and, in a few cases, biotinylated analogs of five naturally occurring lipid classes-phospholipids, sphingolipids (including ceramides), fatty acids, triglycerides and steroids. (thermofisher.com)
  • Fatty acids are the building blocks for a diverse set of biomolecules. (thermofisher.com)
  • Some fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) are important in cell signaling. (thermofisher.com)
  • however, fatty acids transfer more readily between aqueous and lipid phases. (thermofisher.com)
  • Although fatty acids are ionized at neutral pH in water (pK a ~5), their pK a is typically ~7 in membranes, and thus a significant fraction of membrane-bound fatty acids are neutral species. (thermofisher.com)
  • Certain fluorescent fatty acids ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) are readily metabolized by live cells to phospholipids, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and other lipid derivatives. (thermofisher.com)
  • Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) is responsible for the transport of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and corresponding CoA-esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • The adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) or ABCD1 is an ABC transporter that participates in the transport of free very long-chain fatty acids and their CoA esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • A ) Schematic of very-long-chain fatty acids transport into the peroxisomes by ALDP. (elifesciences.org)
  • In vivo oxidation rates of systemically infused medium-chain fatty acids were evaluated using neonatal pigs. (ncsu.edu)
  • Unanesthetized piglets (1.6 kg, n = 20) were housed in respiration chambers for total collection of expired CO2 and were continuously infused with [1-14C]-7:0, 8:0, 9:0 or 10:0 fatty acids via a central catheter. (ncsu.edu)
  • The fatty acids were administered at rates of 25, 50 or 100 μmol/min for 5 h and provided 74 kBq of 14C per h. (ncsu.edu)
  • Infusion and oxidation rates (mmol/min) were multiplied by the molar ATP yield for each fatty acid (i.e., 52, 61, 69 and 78 mmol ATP/mmol fatty acid for 7:0 through 10:0, respectively) to adjust for differences in molar energy content of the various fatty acids. (ncsu.edu)
  • The various fatty acids were oxidized equally well, regardless of chain length, and satisfied up to 60 to 70% of the animals’ energy requirements, depending on the rate of infusion. (ncsu.edu)
  • In both strains, mycolic acids had fewer double bond numbers in phenol conditions than the glucose condition, and evol40 had significantly shorter mycolic acid chain lengths than the WT strain in phenol conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the methods, a mixture of lipids containing a protonatable or deprotonatable lipid, for example an amino lipid and a lipid such as a PEG- or Polyamide oligomer-modified lipid is combined with a buffered aqueous solution of a charged therapeutic agent, for example polyanionic nucleic acids, to produce particles in which the therapeutic agent is encapsulated in a lipid vesicle. (justia.com)
  • Four kinds of deuterium-substituted fatty acids were chemically synthesized to prepare 2H-labeled sphingomyelin (SM) as a raft lipid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a control lipid. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. (hmdb.ca)
  • The ACSF3 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme involved in the formation (synthesis) of fatty acids, which are building blocks used to make fats (lipids). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. (nih.gov)
  • The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It plays an essential role in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Intracellular carnitine deficiency impairs the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, long-chain fatty acids are not available for beta-oxidation and energy production, and the production of ketone bodies (which are used by the brain) is also impaired. (medscape.com)
  • 1993), as well uptake and translocation of long-chain fatty acids as NMR solution structures (Hodsdon et al. (lu.se)
  • Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)
  • In the cytosol, a saturated, straight-chain fatty acid molecule with no double bonds is activated by the action of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase to form its corresponding acyl-CoA. (medscape.com)
  • Orthologous to human ACSL3 (acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3). (zfin.org)
  • Watkins PA, Maiguel D, Jia Z, Pevsner J. Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Witkowski A, Thweatt J, Smith S. Mammalian ACSF3 protein is a malonyl-CoA synthetase that supplies the chain extender units for mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2-Fluoropalmitic acid is a synthetic inhibitor of palmitoyl-CoA formation by long chain acyl-CoA synthetase thereby inhibiting sphingosine biosynthesis and protein palmitoylation. (matreya.com)
  • The results from GC-FID analysis target the conversion of fatty acyl chains on complex lipids into fatty acid methyl esters. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • The MCT feeding was associated with transient increases in plasma carnitine and carnitine esters, and feeding odd-chain MCT (tri-C5 or tri-C7) led to elevated levels of propionylcarnitine in plasma. (ncsu.edu)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulation of the intramitochondrial free CoA also is affected, with accumulation of acyl-CoA esters in the mitochondria. (medscape.com)
  • The enzyme catalyzes a step of lipid A biosynthesis. (cathdb.info)
  • FAE ( Fatty Acid Elongation ) like genes take part in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs, growth regulation, and stress responses, and are further comprised of KCS ( Ketoacyl-CoA synthase ) and ELO ( Elongation Defective Elongase ) sub-gene families. (nature.com)
  • The enzyme is up-regulated during times of increased fatty acid oxidation, which suggests that this enzyme has a potential role the peroxisomal beta-oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
  • UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.191, UDP-3-O-acyl-glucosamine N-acyltransferase, UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase, acyltransferase LpxD, acyl-ACP:UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxyacyl)-GlcN N-acyltransferase, firA (gene), lpxD (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-(acyl-carrier protein):UDP-3-O-((3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Entry into the beta-oxidation cycle requires the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the sequence, which removes electrons from the alpha-carbon and the beta-carbon, introducing a double bond. (medscape.com)
  • Risk stratification by residual enzyme activity after newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehyrogenase deficiency: data from a cohort study. (medscape.com)
  • The membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from ' Acetobacter rancens ' CCM 1774, solubilized from the membrane fraction by treatment with surfactants and subsequently purified to homogeneity, was characterized with respect to the M r of the dimeric enzyme (145000), pH optimum (5·1), pI value (5·3), substrate specificity towards straight-chain aldehydes, substrate inhibition and the effects of various inhibitors and ions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This enzyme has a preference for monounsaturated acyl chains as a substrate. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The ACSF3 enzyme performs a chemical reaction that converts malonic acid to malonyl-CoA, which is the first step of fatty acid synthesis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ACSF3 enzyme is found only in mitochondria and is involved in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are complex lipids that consist of three fatty acid molecules esterified to a glycerol molecule. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Phospholipids are complex lipids that contain a phosphate group, a glycerol molecule, and two fatty acid molecules. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that NAFLD related differential lipid molecules were mainly associated with the genera of Bacteroides, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 , and Turicibacter , which were also significantly correlated with the biological parameters of NAFLD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overtime fat in hepatocytes is vulnerable, because fatty acid becomes unstable and reacts with the free radicles (Oxygen reacting molecules) and forming a chain of free fatty acyl radicle formation. (risingkashmir.com)
  • SALATRIM is the name for a group of substances (SALATRIM = Short- and long-chain acyl triglyceride molecules). (europa.eu)
  • Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NOESY, nuclear Overhauser fatty acid, only eight water molecules are effect spectroscopy. (lu.se)
  • Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies on the mechanism of fatty acid synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • They feed into physiological pathways like the citric acid cycle, sugar synthesis and lipid synthesis. (europa.eu)
  • Fatty acid synthesis occurs through two pathways, one of which takes place in cellular structures called mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mitochondria convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use, and fatty acid synthesis in these structures is thought to be important for their proper functioning. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The functions of the lipins in co-regulating the effects of PGC-1α and PPARα and also acting as a PAP demonstrate the unique abilities of lipins to regulate both glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
  • This gene encodes a fatty acid amide hydrolase that shares a conserved protein motif with the amidase signature family of enzymes. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
  • There is enormous demand for lipids due to parasite growth inside the host cell [developing organelles (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, food vacuoles and apicoplast) surrounded by membranes and accumulating lipids in lipid bodies] and subsequent replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, new lipid structures also appear inside the host cell: the parasite is surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane [ 24 ] and new parasite induced membranous structures (Maurer's clefts and transport vesicles) emerge, which play an important role in trafficking of parasite virulence factors to the surface of infected red blood cell (iRBC) membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, a clear melting point disappeared by an addition of cholesterol for both SM and PC membranes while the conformational change of SM terminal chains observed in IR spectra may account for the difference in the depth dependent melting of SM as compared with PC. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Moreover, the insertion of BODIPY-lipids in membranes is deeper than that of NBD-analogs because of the higher hydrophobicity of BODIPY [74]. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • The formation of lipid rafts and cavioli in biological membranes provides examples of cooperative association of lipids presumably assisted by the presence of cholesterol acting as a lineactant in the two-dimensional system of the membrane. (lu.se)
  • The role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in diet and blood levels has been extensively researched. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Lastly, the correlation results suggested that the Omega-3 lipids were more strongly correlated with DHA intakes, followed by EPA, and with total Omega-3 PUFA intakes. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • It catalyzes the hydrolysis of long chain fatty acyl thioesters of acyl carrier protein or coenzyme A to form free fatty acid and the corresponding thiol: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate It has a strict specificity for thioesters with a chain link greater than C10. (wikipedia.org)
  • MS/MS has become an indispensable tool for lipid classification because it allows for the detection and quantification of lipid species with high specificity and sensitivity. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Sphingolipids are complex lipids that contain a sphingosine or a similar long-chain base. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Spatial lipidomics revealed an accumulation of highly unsaturated and shortened lipids and reduction of sphingolipids throughout the brains of cPSAP DAT mice. (nature.com)
  • Defects in the lysosomal breakdown of sphingolipids are the underlying cause of lipid storage disorders such as Niemann-Pick, Tay-Sachs, Krabbe and Gaucher diseases. (thermofisher.com)
  • The structural backbone of sphingolipids is the lipophilic amino-dialcohol sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecen-1,3-diol, Figure 13.1.1 ) to which a single fatty acid residue is attached via an amide linkage. (thermofisher.com)
  • Neutral lipids (serving mainly as caloriometric reserves) increased from 3 % of total lipids in uninfected to 27 % in stage V gametocyte infected red blood cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • 3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + UDP-3-O-((3R)- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-2-N,3-O-bis((3R)-3- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + a holo-[acyl-carrier- protein]. (cathdb.info)
  • LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)
  • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- To examine whether hypothalamic protein kinase C (PKC) mediates the ability of central nervous system lipids to activate K ATP channels and regulate glucose production in normal rodents, we first activated hypothalamic PKC in the absence or presence of K ATP channel inhibition. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • ii) high labeling protein proportion which could cause fluorescence quenchingAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptProg Lipid Res. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • In the meantime, a way to work is to compare the same lipid or protein molecule grafted with two unrelated fluorophores. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • High resolution and multidimensional mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy indicated that L1334 is an unusual GPL that includes the glycopeptidolipid tetrapeptide core structure, two rhamnose residues, one 6-deoxytalose residue and one 3-methoxy C24 fatty acyl chain. (suny.edu)
  • Most phospholipids are derivatives of glycerol comprising two fatty acyl residues (nonpolar tails) and a single phosphate ester substituent (polar head group). (thermofisher.com)
  • Carnitine binds acyl residues and helps in their elimination, decreasing the number of acyl residues conjugated with coenzyme A (CoA) and increasing the ratio between free and acylated CoA. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we will discuss the different types of lipids and the role of mass spectrometry in their identification. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique that can be used to identify and characterize lipids in complex biological samples. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • One of the main advantages of mass spectrometry is that it can identify lipids without the need for separation or purification steps. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Mass spectrometry can provide information on the molecular structure of lipids, including the number and position of double bonds, the length of the acyl chains, and the presence of functional groups such as phosphates and sugars. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • One of the challenges of lipid identification using mass spectrometry is the large number of possible lipid species that can be present in a sample. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) helps in the identification and quantitation of highly-abundant complex lipids in human whole blood. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • To test this hypothesis, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis to lipid samples obtained from the WT and evol40 strains grown in 1 g/L glucose (glucose), 0.75 g/L phenol (low phenol), or 1.5 g/L phenol (high phenol, evol40 only) as a sole carbon source. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here the lipid profiles of red blood cells infected with the five different sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum were analysed by mass spectrometry and compared to those from uninfected and asexual trophozoite infected erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predicted to act upstream of or within lipid metabolic process. (zfin.org)
  • Apart from a viral infection, liver functions get hampered by diabetes, alcohol abuse, drug abuse and change in the metabolic behaviours like regular consumption of processed foods, high-fat red meat, soft drinks, sedentary lifestyle and over-eating ultimately lead to hepatic steatosis or Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) which generally doesn't show symptoms in earlier stages. (risingkashmir.com)
  • Study evidence suggests that intermittent fasting can strongly effects on body weight and metabolic parameters, which may link obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and major chronic diseases. (risingkashmir.com)
  • Fatty acid glycerides have a common metabolic fate that involves stepwise hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid and glycerol. (europa.eu)
  • In secondary carnitine deficiency, which is caused by other metabolic disorders (eg, fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidemias), carnitine depletion may be secondary to the formation of acylcarnitine adducts and the inhibition of carnitine transport in renal cells by acylcarnitines. (medscape.com)
  • Once inside the mitochondrion, the action of CPT II at the inner surface of the membrane releases free carnitine, which exits to the cytosol and leaves behind the acyl-CoA molecule. (medscape.com)
  • The next step is the introduction of a water molecule and resaturation of the double bond to form fatty enoyl-CoA. (medscape.com)
  • Cleavage of the 3-keto compound at the now unstable alpha-beta carbon bond and transfer of another CoA moiety to the new fragment results in 2 products: acetyl-CoA, composed of the carbonyl and original alpha-carbon from the starting molecule, and a new fatty acyl-CoA that is 2 carbons shorter than the original molecule. (medscape.com)
  • It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (hmdb.ca)
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • a single fatty acid molecule with high af®nity in Cistola et al. (lu.se)
  • Predicted to enable long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity. (zfin.org)
  • This led to high levels of fatty acyl-CoA being present in the liver, which shows that a diseased liver cannot regulate the amount of fatty acyl-CoA that is present versus a normal, healthy liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lipins also act in the nucleus as transcriptional co-activators with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α to regulate target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
  • Living on the edge: substrate competition explains loss of robustness in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation disorders. (medscape.com)
  • In fatty acid oxidation disorders, both parents of the affected child carry a copy of the abnormal gene. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment of fatty acid oxidation disorders varies depending on the type of fatty substances that accumulate in the blood and tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
  • PGC-1α and PPARα are both master regulators of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively [reviewed in 6]. (aocs.org)
  • Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • You want to inquire lipid analysis for your project or ask questions about Lipotype Lipidomics? (lipotype.com)
  • Advances in lipidomics allow identification of hundreds of lipid species from biological samples. (mdpi.com)
  • A defect in acyl-CoA degradation in livers can produce hyperammonemia and hypoglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. (nature.com)
  • The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
  • To address this challenge, tandem MS (MS/MS) has been developed that allows for the identification of individual lipid species based on their characteristic fragment ions. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Another advantage of tandem MS is its ability to quantify individual lipid species. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • This is particularly important in the analysis of complex lipid mixtures, where the abundance of different lipid species can vary significantly. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • However, the major drawback of this approach is their inability to structurally characterize the complex lipid species in their native state. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • The thermal responses of membrane lipid composition and function in two bacterial species isolated recently from Heywood Lake sediment in Antarctica have been investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Quantification of acyl-carnitines by HPLC. (ncsu.edu)
  • Ferroptosis is well characterized by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and disruption of cellular membrane integrity. (bmbreports.org)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1983, Gregersen et al demonstrated a medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in a patient with hypoketotic hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
  • Child Neurology: medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The specific role of the fatty amide is greatly influenced by the composition of the hydrocarbon chain and the amide-linked substituent. (lipotype.com)
  • We provide MS-based lipid analysis of fatty amides in a variety of sample types and deliver results in eight or less weeks. (lipotype.com)
  • Membrane probes include fluorescent analogs of natural lipids, as well as lipophilic organic dyes that have little structural resemblance to natural biomolecules ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • Despite their overall structural similarity ( Figure 13.1.1 ), natural phospholipids exhibit subtle differences in their fatty acid compositions, degree of acyl chain unsaturation and type of polar head group. (thermofisher.com)
  • These differences can produce significant variations in membrane physical properties, in the location of phospholipids in a lipid bilayer and in their biological activity. (thermofisher.com)
  • Fluorescent phospholipid analogs ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) can be classified according to where the fluorophore is attached. (thermofisher.com)
  • The attachment position of the fluorophore determines whether it is located in the nonpolar interior or at the water/lipid interface when the phospholipid analog is incorporated into a lipid bilayer membrane ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)
  • The major membrane lipid class (phospholipids) decreased during gametocyte development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fatty acid composition and its response to temperature depends on the culture medium used. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We hypothesize that the composition of lipids plays an important role in phenol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods for the preparation of a lipid-nucleic acid composition are provided. (justia.com)
  • This deletion did not affect the overall fatty acid composition but modified the abundance of TAG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Prenols are lipids obtained from five-carbon-unit isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds . (wikipedia.org)
  • The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. (wikipedia.org)
  • VLCFAs consist of 20 or more carbon atoms and are the key components of the cell membrane and cuticular lipids in plants 9 . (nature.com)
  • This product is the inactive methyl ester of the acyl-CoA synthase inhibitor 2-fluoropalmitic acid. (matreya.com)
  • Fatty amides belong to the fatty acyls. (lipotype.com)
  • The hydrocarbon chain of fatty amides is equally diverse. (lipotype.com)
  • Fatty amides can be found in all living organisms where they serve a plethora of signaling functions. (lipotype.com)
  • Endocannabinoids (NAE) are probably the most prominent fatty amides. (lipotype.com)
  • Interested in Fatty Amides analysis? (lipotype.com)
  • Improving piglet survival by nutritional means: Efforts to enhance the efficacy of medium-chain triglycerides. (ncsu.edu)
  • Effect of feeding medium-chain triglycerides on the plasma carnitine ester profile. (ncsu.edu)
  • They are long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end. (premierbiosoft.com)
  • Their structure consists of a fatty acid where the carboxyl group of the fatty acid is linked to a diverse range of substituents via an amide bond. (lipotype.com)
  • However, the intervention mechanism of QHD on abnormal lipid levels and gut microbiota in NAFLD has not been reported. (frontiersin.org)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • Fatty acyl homoserine lactones, for example, are well-known for their role in quorum sensing, a communication mechanism by which bacteria cells sense other bacteria surrounding them. (lipotype.com)
  • However, little is known about the fatty acid transport mechanism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids Part C. Methods in Enzymology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analytical methods were selected from special issues and review papers published by LIPID MAPS® Consortium members, maintaining some of the traditional and introducing new ones with the latest technology and instrumentation. (lipidmaps.org)
  • This invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of a lipid and a therapeutic agent, particularly to lipid-nucleic acid compositions, for in vivo therapeutic use. (justia.com)
  • Macrophage autophagy is a highly anti-atherogenic process that promotes the catabolism of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis . (bvsalud.org)
  • 1994). High-res- belongs to the family of intracellular lipid bind- olution crystal structures (Sacchetti ni et al. (lu.se)
  • Quantitative real time PCR, and -in a second animal experiment- intestinal fatty acid oxidation measurements confirmed significant gene expression differences and showed in a dose-dependent manner significant changes at biological functional level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in children with non- ketotic hypoglycemia and low carnitine levels. (medscape.com)
  • Population spectrum of ACADM genotypes correlated to biochemical phenotypes in newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Newborn screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in England: prevalence, predictive value and test validity based on 1.5 million screened babies. (medscape.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Saudi Arabia: incidence, genotype, and preventive implications. (medscape.com)
  • Newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a global perspective. (medscape.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency: evaluation of genotype-phenotype correlation in patients detected by newborn screening. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormal screening in a healthy infant of a mother with undiagnosed medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: regional experience and high incidence of carnitine deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: genotype-biochemical phenotype correlations. (medscape.com)