Fatty acids in escherichia coli. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis. (rcsb.org)
The enzyme catalyzes an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis, the reduction of the 2,3-double bond in enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier- protein] derivatives of the elongating fatty acid moiety. (cathdb.info)
This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of a GntR/FadR family protein acting as a fatty acid-responsive transcriptional regulator in M. tuberculosis , suggesting a possible role for this protein in mycolic acid biosynthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Regulation of transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by FadR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
By mutant screening, we showed a knock-out mutant of fabR , encoding a repressor of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (UFA), to have impaired biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)

These reactions are performed by fatty acid synthase II (FASII), which in general contain multiple enzymes that act as one complex. (wikipedia.org)
In animals, as well as some fungi such as yeast, these same reactions occur on fatty acid synthase I (FASI), a large dimeric protein that has all of the enzymatic activities required to create a fatty acid. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, a single gene encoding a mesophilic variant of citramalate synthase from Methanococcus jannaschii, CimA3.7, was expressed in E. coli to convert acetyl-CoA and pyruvate to citramalate, and the ldhA and pflB genes were deleted. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Overexpression of Rv0494 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG reduced the basal level expression of kas operon genes, thereby suggesting the repressor nature of this protein in fatty acid synthase II regulation. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)

In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. (wikipedia.org)
The diagrams presented show how fatty acids are synthesized in microorganisms and list the enzymes found in Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
Most biotechnological production approaches make use of the one step conversion of fatty acids from renewable sources by the enzymes α-dioxygenase (αDox) or carboxylic acid reductase (CAR). (dechema-dfi.de)
Whole-cell biotransformation of fatty acids can be influenced by the activities of catalytic enzymes and by the efficiency of substrate transport into host cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
As the specific activities of the enzymes targeted into the cytoplasm and periplasm were comparable, we assumed that targeting OhyA into the periplasm could accelerate fatty acid transport to the catalytic enzymes by skipping the major mass transport barrier of the cytoplasmic membrane. (ewha.ac.kr)
In this work, the authors improve fatty acid hydration activity of the recombinant Escherichia coli which expresses an oleate hydratase of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by increasing the efficiency of substrate transport into catalytic enzymes. (ewha.ac.kr)
Gerhardt, B. (1983) Localization of β -oxidation enzymes in peroxsomes isolated from non-fatty plant tissues. (springer.com)
Fermentation is a slow decomposition process of organic substances induced by microorganisms or enzymes that essentially convert carbohydrates to alcohols or organic acids [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) maintains a pool of fatty acyl-CoA molecules in the cell and plays a role in fatty acid metabolism. (rcsb.org)
Changes in taxa abundance were associated with serum glucose and faecal branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), suggesting that fasting-induced changes in the gut microbiota are associated with host energy metabolism. (nih.gov)
Escherichia coli FadR, a member of the GntR family of transcription factors, plays dual roles in fatty acid metabolism. (microbiologyresearch.org)
There is controversy over the extent to which fatty acids (FAs) derived from plasma free FAs (FFAs) or from hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides (TGFAs) form communal or separate pools and what the contribution of each FA source is to cellular FA metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)

Pharkya P , Osterhout R , Burgard A , Burk M . Microorganisms for the production of methacrylic acid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Acid-fast microorganisms identified as mycobacteria were present in the reservoir at 10 7 CFU/mL ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

The model was also successfully applied to E. coli K12, used for the authors' original modeling, as well as for two other E. coli strains. (iucr.org)
In both strains, mycolic acids had fewer double bond numbers in phenol conditions than the glucose condition, and evol40 had significantly shorter mycolic acid chain lengths than the WT strain in phenol conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Results Among all the LCFAs quantified by mass spectrometry in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a probiotic used for the treatment of multiple intestinal disorders, the concentration of 3-hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (C18-3OH) was increased in EcN compared with other E. coli strains tested. (bmj.com)

Here, we improved fatty acid hydration activity of the recombinant Escherichia coli expressing an oleate hydratase of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by targeting the catalytic enzyme into the periplasm instead of the cytoplasm. (ewha.ac.kr)
The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli accepts substrates with carbon chain length from 4 to 18. (cathdb.info)

Reyes, A.M. PrxQ B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a monomeric, thioredoxin-dependent and highly efficient fatty acid hydroperoxide reductase. (uba.ar)
Trujillo, M. 'PrxQ B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a monomeric, thioredoxin-dependent and highly efficient fatty acid hydroperoxide reductase' (2016) Free Radical Biology and Medicine. (uba.ar)
Using the gene mapping membrane technique, we identified a gene (nemA) that encodes N-ethylmaleimide reductase in Escherichia coli. (elsevierpure.com)
The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology (87% identical) with the pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase of Enterobacter cloacae and the morphinone reductase of Pseudomonasputida (52% identical). (elsevierpure.com)

We demonstrate the utility of our new approach by applying it to identify genes used by Escherichia coli to survive in a wide range of different concentrations of the biocide Triclosan. (biorxiv.org)
All the previously identified E. coli FabR transcriptional target genes ( fabA , fabB and yqfA ) were shown to be direct S. Typhimurium FabR targets as well. (biomedcentral.com)

Thereafter the glucose that is released into the blood by the liver for general use by the body tissues, has to be synthesized from the glucogenic amino acids and a few other gluconeogenic substrates, which do not include fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)
There was a concomitant increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria ( Escherichia coli and Bilophila wadsworthia ), known to use host-derived energy substrates. (nih.gov)
E.coli lipid A acyltransferases do not have an absolute specificity for 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids but can transfer fatty acids differing by one carbon unit if the fatty acid substrates are available. (cathdb.info)

The open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 365 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39,514 Da. (elsevierpure.com)

The gut microbiome of asthmatic subjects differed significantly from controls, with the most prominent difference in the relative abundance of the proteobacteria Escherichia coli . (medrxiv.org)

However, 14% of the products consist of the corresponding alcohol, but in addition, 17% of the products consist of further shortened aldehydes, alcohols and acids that result from the consecutive activity of αDox and a putative endogenous fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in E. coli. (dechema-dfi.de)

LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)

We developed an engineered E. coli strain and a fed-batch bioprocess to produce citramalate at concentrations in excess of 80 g l −1 in only 65 h. (microbiologyresearch.org)
INAC assays using A. oris MG1 strain cells were performed with SCFAs (acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric and lactic acids) or a mixture of them on human saliva-coated 6-well plates incubated in TSB with 0.25% sucrose for 1 h. (biomedcentral.com)
Gut microbiome perturbation, antibiotic resistance, and Escherichia coli strain dynamics associated with international travel: a metagenomic analysis. (cdc.gov)

As world population increases, lactic acid fermentation is expected to become an important role in preserving fresh vegetables, fruits, and other food items for feeding humanity in developing countries. (hindawi.com)
Lactic acid fermentation increases shelf life of fruits and vegetables and also enhances several beneficial properties, including nutritive value and flavours, and reduces toxicity. (hindawi.com)
Fermentation processes are believed to have been developed in order to preserve fruits and vegetables for times of scarcity by preserving the food by organic acid and alcohols, impart desirable flavour, texture to foods, reduce toxicity, and decrease cooking time [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lactic acid (LA) fermentation of vegetables and fruits is a common practice to maintain and improve the nutritional and sensory features of food commodities [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Pathogens (Escherichia coli , Salmonella typhi , Staphylococcus aureus , and faecal coliforms) in reared black soldier flies (BSF), crickets, and harvested blue caliphora flies were effectively inactivated by boiling or roasting for five minutes. (thepoultrysite.com)

Fermented fruits and vegetables can be used as a potential source of probiotics as they harbour several lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum , L. pentosus , L. brevis , L. acidophilus , L. fermentum , Leuconostoc fallax , and L. mesenteroides . (hindawi.com)
A great number of potential lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from various traditional naturally fermented foods [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
FadR-DNA binding is inhibited by fatty acyl-CoAs, and thus FadR acts as a sensor of the fatty acid level in bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic products of oral bacteria including A. oris and regulate pH in dental plaques. (biomedcentral.com)
SCFAs affect the INAC-associated activities of the A. oris fimbrillins and non-fimbrillins during ionized and non-ionized acid formations in the form of co-culturing with other bacteria in the dental plaque but not impact the interaction of A. oris with streptococci. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, the presence of flagella and fatty acid containing structures such as lipopolysaccharides was shown to be important in Salmonella biofilms [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Escherichia coli FadR positively regulates transcription of the fabB fatty acid biosynthetic gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid synthesis: complex transcription of the fabA gene and in vivo identification of the essential reaction catalyzed by FabB. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Recombinant E. coli producing OhyA in the periplasm under guidance of the PelB signal sequence (E. coli OhyA_PP) exhibited significantly greater hydration activity with oleic acid and linoleic acid compared to a recombinant E. coli producing OhyA in the cytoplasm (E. coli OhyA_CS). (ewha.ac.kr)

The glycolytic pathway also provides the glycerol with which three fatty acids can combine (by means of ester bonds) to form triglycerides (also known as "triacylglycerols" - to distinguish them from fatty "acids" - or simply as "fat"), the final product of the lipogenic process. (wikipedia.org)
When only two fatty acids combine with glycerol and the third alcohol group is phosphorylated with a group such as phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid is formed. (wikipedia.org)
Acylation of sn glycerol 3 phosphate in Escherichia coli. (illinois.edu)

Serum biochemistry confirmed the metabolic switch from carbohydrates to fatty acids and ketones. (nih.gov)

To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that phenol adaptation affected mycolic acid membrane composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that the alteration of the mycolic acid and phospholipid membrane composition may be a strategy of R. opacus for phenol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)

Asthmatic subjects who took the blend showed significant improvements in lung function as measured by forced expiratory volume and serum short chain fatty acid levels from baseline to Week 4. (medrxiv.org)

In Escherichia coli, the three components reside in separate subunits: a biotinyl domain is the functional portion of one of these, biotin carboxy carrier protein (BCCP). (rcsb.org)
We have shown that FadR Mt (Rv0494) directly binds to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and that binding quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of the purified protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Most of the acetyl-CoA which is converted into fatty acids is derived from carbohydrates via the glycolytic pathway. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, fatty acids are formed from carbohydrates predominantly in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as in the mammary glands during lactation. (wikipedia.org)
The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is an important intermediary in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids and cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)

Chylomicrons and lipid emulsions were labeled with [ 3 H]triolein, injected into mice, and appearance in plasma of [ 3 H]oleic acid was estimated, either through a steady-state approach or by compartmental modeling. (diabetesjournals.org)
14 C]oleic acid was included to trace plasma FFA. (diabetesjournals.org)

Much like β-oxidation, straight-chain fatty acid synthesis occurs via the six recurring reactions shown below, until the 16-carbon palmitic acid is produced. (wikipedia.org)

however, it allows for the formation of more molecules, including "medium-chain" fatty acids via early chain termination. (wikipedia.org)
NOESY, nuclear Overhauser fatty acid, only eight water molecules are effect spectroscopy. (lu.se)

When grown on 1% propionic acid, lipid A also contains the odd-chain fatty acids tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hydroxytridecanoic acid, and hydroxypentadecanoic acid. (cathdb.info)

Approximately 14.2 kDa, a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids. (watson-int.cn)

Overlapping repressor binding sites result in additive regulation of Escherichia coli FadH by FadR and ArcA. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Once a 16:0 carbon fatty acid has been formed, it can undergo a number of modifications, resulting in desaturation and/or elongation. (wikipedia.org)

1993), as well uptake and translocation of long-chain fatty acids as NMR solution structures (Hodsdon et al. (lu.se)

Mueller RH , Rohwerder T . Method for the enzymatic production of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl carboxylic acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: the METS-microbiome study. (cdc.gov)

Straight-chain fatty acids occur in two types: saturated and unsaturated. (wikipedia.org)
Design By mass-spectrometry, we identified and quantified free long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in probiotics and assessed the effect of one of them in mouse colitis. (bmj.com)
FadR-DNA binding can be impaired by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA compounds. (microbiologyresearch.org)

NADPH is also formed by the pentose phosphate pathway which converts glucose into ribose, which can be used in synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, or it can be catabolized to pyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
We first functionally demonstrate the design of the MCG pathway in vitro and in Escherichia coli. (osti.gov)

The transport of fatty acids (FAs) in plasma occurs in two ways: via (albumin-bound) free FAs (FFAs) and via triglycerides (TGs) that are transported in TG-rich lipoproteins. (diabetesjournals.org)

Among the SCFAs, acetic, butyric and propionic acids and a mixture of acetic, butyric and propionic acids induced the type 1 and type 2 fimbriae-dependent and independent INAC by live A. oris , but these cells did not interact with streptococci. (biomedcentral.com)
In another report, the maximum concentrations of butyric (8.8 mM), propionic (33.7 mM), acetic (52.6 mM) and formic acids (5.8 mM) were also detected in dental plaques from caries-free and caries-susceptible young subjects [ 32 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence for the Role of Salicylic Acid in Thermoregulation in Sporophylls of Male Cones of Six Cycad Species. (montgomerybotanical.org)

However, this acetyl CoA needs to be transported into cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol occurs. (wikipedia.org)

Study of the sequential conversion of citric to itaconic to methacrylic acid in near-critical and supercritical water. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms19

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care4

Biosynthesis5

Synthase4

Acetyl-CoA Carboxy1

Enzymes8

Metabolism4

Microorganisms2

Strains3

Enzyme2

Reductase4

Genes2

Substrates3

Molecular1

Proteobacteria1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase1

Acyl carrier1

Strain3

Fermentation4

Staphylococcus1

Bacteria5

Salmonella1

Gene2

Recombinant1

Glycerol3

Biochemistry1

Membrane3

Short-chai1

Protein2

Carbohydrates3

Oleic Acid2

Palmitic acid1

Molecules2

Lipid1

Polypeptide1

Repressor1

Carbon1

Uptake1

Carboxylic1

Microbiome1

Chain3

Pathway2

Triglycerides1

Acetic2

Species1

Occurs1

Citric1