• This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among all known metabolic pathways in living systems, fatty acid biosynthesis yields the most energy dense products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fatty acid biosynthesis is carried out by the ubiquitous Fatty Acid Synthase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. (nature.com)
  • It is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic acid (see biosynthesis and structure of coenzyme A figures). (yoforia.com)
  • Thus, for the first time, the low erucic acid trait in canola B. napus can be attributed to a single amino acid substitution which prevents the biosynthesis of the eicosenoic and erucic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • With respect to lipid synthesis and cell division, presently our results point to at least two scenarios, namely, initiation of lipid biosynthesis and maintenance of unsaturated fatty acid to work in tandem with (p)ppGpp and DksA and modulate cell division. (org.in)
  • We have identified a novel protein (FabY) involved in membrane biogenesis that can compensate for function performed by FabH, one of three β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) required for membrane biogenesis and the primary catalyst in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis. (org.in)
  • In Type I, Fatty Acid Synthase (found in humans and other mammals) is a single large polypeptide composed of several distinct domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, putative [Geobacter sulf. (yeastrc.org)
  • AF237571_1 malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase precursor [Plasmo. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Anaplasma phagocytophilu. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Campylobacter jejuni RM1. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Carboxydothermus hydroge. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Colwellia psychrerythrae. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Dehalococcoides ethenoge. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Ehrlichia chaffeensis st. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Geobacter sulfurreducens. (yeastrc.org)
  • malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Neorickettsia sennetsu s. (yeastrc.org)
  • PREDICTED: similar to Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mi. (yeastrc.org)
  • Beta subunit of fatty acid synthetase, which catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty a. (yeastrc.org)
  • This complex binds tightly to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase known as InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of fatty acid synthase. (p212121.com)
  • Malony-CoA:ACP Transacylase (FabD) is one such individual soluble protein and catalyzes the following reaction: malonyl-CoA + acyl carrier protein ⇌ CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] The transfer of malonate to acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) converts the acyl groups into thioester forms which are characteristic of acyl intermediates in fatty acid synthesis and which are strictly required for the condensation reactions catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthetic gene clusters of these linaridins lack obvious candidate genes for the dehydratase and epimerase required to introduce dehydrobutyrine and D-amino acid residues, respectively. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria (ADP), congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) are autosomal recessive. (medscape.com)
  • Predicted malonyl-CoA:ACP transferase, putative component of a type-II mitochondrial fatty acid synt. (yeastrc.org)
  • However, this pathway has only one known product, lipoic acid, which functions as a cofactor for several important mitochondrial multienzyme complexes [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Later, numerous disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were found. (nih.gov)
  • A group of these diseases are due to defects of mitochondrial carriers, a family of proteins named solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), that transport a variety of solutes such as the reagents of ATP synthase (ATP, ADP, and phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cofactors, amino acids, and carnitine esters of fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • The disease-causing mutations disclosed in mitochondrial carriers range from point mutations, which are often localized in the substrate translocation pore of the carrier, to large deletions and insertions. (nih.gov)
  • Examples of diseases, due to mitochondrial carrier mutations are: combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier deficiency, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrillinuria (HHH) syndrome, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 3, Amish microcephaly, aspartate/glutamate isoform 1 deficiency, congenital sideroblastic anemia, Fontaine progeroid syndrome, and citrullinemia type II. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we review all the mitochondrial carrier-related diseases known until now, focusing on the connections between the molecular basis, altered metabolism, and phenotypes of these inherited disorders. (nih.gov)
  • How do Fatty Acyl-CoA's pass the mitochondrial intermembrane space? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • [ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A synthesized peptide derived from human FASN, corresponding to a region within N-terminal amino acids. (thermofisher.com)
  • In enzymology, a [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction malonyl-CoA + acyl carrier protein ⇌ CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein, whereas its two products are CoA and malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is malonyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • FabD (Acyl-Carrier-Protein S-Malonyltransferase) is a reasonable target given that a high resolution crystal structure is available. (wikipedia.org)
  • acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase [Bacillus anthracis str. (yeastrc.org)
  • acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase [Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3], gi. (yeastrc.org)
  • The human enzyme, which is expressed mainly in the cytosolic compartment in a wide range of tissues, is a 329-residue, monomeric protein. (rhea-db.org)
  • The enzyme is capable of transferring the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A to a conserved serine residue in both the acyl carrier protein domain of the human cytosolic multifunctional fatty acid synthase and the acyl carrier protein associated independently with human mitochondria. (rhea-db.org)
  • 1 Indeed, the concept of using molecules to manipulate other molecules in robotic fashion is an intriguing one that has some precedence in biology: for example, in metazoan fatty acid synthase a growing fatty acid chain, tethered to an embedded carrier protein, is passed between enzyme domains in the protein superstructure in a manner reminiscent of the way a robotic arm manipulates objects on a factory assembly line (Figure 1). (websitehome.co.uk)
  • Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. (hmdb.ca)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • Westar, the mutated gene was expressed in yeast and GC analysis revealed the presence of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), indicating that the elongase activity was restored in the LEA FAE1 enzyme by the single amino acid substitution. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Acute intermittent porphyria is due to a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase) that leads to accumulation of the porphyrin precursors delta- aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen initially in the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The reaction sequence is carried out by a series of individual soluble proteins that are each encoded by a discrete gene, and the pathway intermediates are shuttled between the enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beyond the P protein, the Henipavirus P gene also encodes the V and W proteins which share with P their N-terminal, intrinsically disordered domain (NTD) and possess a unique C-terminal domain. (sciencegate.app)
  • Defects in this gene that affect the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation activity are a cause of D-bifunctional protein deficiency (DBPD). (nih.gov)
  • synthesized very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids that are not normally found in yeast, while fatty acid profiles of yeast cells expressing the FAE1 gene from LEA B. napus were identical to control yeast samples. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • select ( V1 , V2 , V11 , Protein.names , Gene.Ontology. (github.io)
  • V1" "V2" "V11" "Protein.names" "Gene.Ontology. (github.io)
  • The fatty acid synthetic pathway is the principal route for the production of membrane phospholipid acyl chains in bacterial and plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
  • Long chain saturated FAs (LCSFA) and unsaturated FAs of ω9 and ω7 can be synthesized from palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) produced by the de novo FA synthesis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH, into long-chain saturated fatty acids. (thermofisher.com)
  • A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
  • The elongation of the chain occurs by repeating the condensation cycle until a 16-carbon palmitic acid (16:0) is generated. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In mammals, FA elongation depends on a set of enzymes termed elongation of very long-chain fatty acid enzymes (ELOVLs) [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Genomic fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) clones from high erucic acid (HEA) Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, and low erucic acid (LEA) B. napus cv. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cellular respiration.tricarboxylic acid. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • To assess the quality of biodiesel produced, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition was studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. (hmdb.ca)
  • In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrated that GrmH/GrmL complex accepted salinipeptin and cypemycin precursor peptides, which possess three additional amino acids. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • It also acts as a catalyst for the formation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA intermediates from both straight-chain and 2-methyl-branched-chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • Fatty acid synthase pathways are divided into two distinct molecular forms: Type I and Type II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structural and molecular information on Henipavirus W proteins is lacking. (sciencegate.app)
  • 2 However, up to now there have been no small-molecule machines (as opposed to proteins or DNA) that can transport molecular fragments in a similar manner. (websitehome.co.uk)
  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)
  • Oleic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (ymdb.ca)
  • As a result, microbial fatty acid derivatives are emerging as a promising renewable energy alternative to fossil fuel derived transportation fuels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Grisemycin, salinipeptin, and cypemycin belong to the linaridin class of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides that contain multiple dehydrobutyrine and D-amino acid residues. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Dogs with CE and protein-losing enteropathy had the greatest number of differentially expressed genes. (avma.org)
  • In agreement with published findings regarding different HEA and LEA B. napus cultivars, comparison of FAE1 protein sequences from HEA and LEA Brassicaceae revealed one crucial amino acid difference: the serine residue at position 282 of the HEA FAE1 sequences is substituted by phenylalanine in LEA B. napus cv. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • High-adhesive variants associated with scFimH healthy proteins, with alanine at situation Sixty one and serine with position 118, ended up attained by simply site-directed mutagenesis regarding fimH genes through low-adhesive alternatives of Azines. (phosphorylasesignals.com)
  • However, people with a rare inherited disorder called pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration can't use pantothenic acid properly. (yoforia.com)
  • ABC transporter ATP-binding protein-unknown substrate. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Oleic acid, also known as oleate or 18:1 N-9, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. (ymdb.ca)
  • Oleic acid is a potentially toxic compound. (ymdb.ca)
  • Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. (hmdb.ca)
  • Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • 352132 ). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. (hmdb.ca)
  • Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. (hmdb.ca)
  • The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid ( Wikipedia ). (hmdb.ca)
  • Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. (hmdb.ca)
  • Next, palmitic acid is further elongated and desaturated to generate complex fatty acids. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Protein of unknown function DUF3119 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The genetic screen has revealed the role of (p)ppGpp and protein co-factor DksA in the regulation of membrane biogenesis, cell division and translation, fundamental cellular processes conserved across life forms. (org.in)
  • however, instead of the carboxylic acid typically found in catalytic triads, the main chain carbonyl of Gln 250 serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor in an interaction with His 201. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a pilot randomized controlled trial of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and MET, whose participants were characterized by different components of metabolic syndrome, we tested the effect of MET on serum levels of B 12 , holo transcobalamin II (holo-TC-II), and methylmalonic acid (MMA). (mdpi.com)
  • On the other hand, each enzymatic activity (Condensation reaction, Reduction Reaction, Dehydration reaction) is found as a discrete protein in type II systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, this technology could be applied to other maleimide-functionalized compounds, such as spin labels, biotin, and proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). (hmdb.ca)
  • In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). (hmdb.ca)
  • Objective -To measure serum calprotectin concentration in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before and after initiation of treatment and evaluate its correlation with a clinical scoring system (canine IBD activity index), serum canine C-reactive protein concentration, and severity of histopathologic changes. (avma.org)
  • Results -Mean serum calprotectin concentrations for dogs with IBD at baseline (431.1 μg/L) and 3 weeks after initiation of treatment (676.9 μg/L) were significantly higher, compared with that (219.4 μg/L) for control dogs, and were not significantly correlated with the canine IBD activity index, serum C-reactive protein concentration, or severity of histopathologic changes. (avma.org)
  • Biological activity of ABD-GCSF protein was assessed by proliferation assay on NFS-60 cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • Typhimurium) ended up examined making use of chimeric proteins that contains yet another peptide to display a good N-terminal file format with the FimF health proteins. (phosphorylasesignals.com)
  • The human 4'-phosphopantetheine transferase is also capable of phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl carrier and acyl carrier proteins from prokaryotes. (rhea-db.org)