Fatty acid membranes. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, reduced alcoholic steatosis was associated with reduced fatty acid synthesis in combination with increased CYP4A-catalyzed fatty acid oxidation and effects on lipid export. (nih.gov)
NDLI: Lipid domains in membranes. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Lipid domains in membranes. (iitkgp.ac.in)
The effect of this is that, in restricted environments, such as when fatty acids are part of a phospholipid in a lipid bilayer or triglycerides in lipid droplets, cis bonds limit the ability of fatty acids to be closely packed, and therefore can affect the melting temperature of the membrane or of the fat. (wikipedia.org)
Triglycerides are lipid compounds composed of a glycerol esterified to 3 fatty acid chains of varying length and composition. (medscape.com)
The biophysical properties and biological functions of membranes are highly dependent on lipid composition. (uni-muenchen.de)
To prevent aggregation of vlcFA, we created light-sensitive micelles composed exclusively of poly-ethylene-glycol-nervonic acid amphiphiles (NA-PEG), which spontaneously disassemble in the presence of lipid bilayers. (uni-muenchen.de)
In this way, we were able to alter the membrane lipid composition of cellular membranes and modulate the enzymatic activity of γ-secretase, an intramembrane protease whose dysfunction has been implicated in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. (uni-muenchen.de)
The composition of fatty acids in lipid membranes seems to be influenced by diet. (sharkyear.com)
Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of extracted lipids showed the transition temperature of membrane lipids from octane-grown cells increased from about 24°C to 32°C as the growth rate increased, whereas cells grown on citrate showed a constant transition temperature of about 6°C at all growth rates tested, indicating a decrease of membrane lipid fluidity in octane-grown cells. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Because alkanes are known to increase bilayer fluidity by intercalating between lipid fatty acyl chains, the increased transition temperature of the lipids of cells grown on octane may be a physiological response of P. oleovorans to compensate for the direct effects of octane on its cellular membranes. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)
Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
This belies the fact that the dry weight of the mammalian brain is approximately 80% lipid (the highest of any organ) and also the steady accumulation of data demonstrating the crucial role of lipids, particularly long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), in modulating neural function. (cambridge.org)
Finally, along with the resurgence of interest in lipid-neuronal membrane interactions, there are now a considerable number of quality randomised controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of EFAs in a diverse number of psychiatric conditions. (cambridge.org)
Additionally, cell signalling systems are regulated by lipid products, such as diacylglycerols, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, free fatty acids and hydroxy-fatty acids derived from phospholipid membranes. (cambridge.org)
Being the nature's most effective lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant, it protects cellular membranes from being attacked by lipid peroxyl radicals. (dsm.com)
its localization within the unsaturated fatty acid esters in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes provides a means of controlling lipid oxidation at a likely initiation site ( Hafeman and Hoekstra 1977 ). (dsm.com)
This enzyme is required for the synthesis of specialized lipid molecules called plasmalogens, which are present in cell membranes throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The information carried in the concentrations of four red blood cell fatty acids was as useful as that carried in lipid levels, blood pressure, smoking, and diabetic status with regard to predicting total mortality,' said Dr. Bill Harris, who was also an author on this study. (news-medical.net)
In disorders of fatty acid oxidation, excessive lipid accumulation occurs in muscle, heart, and liver, with cardiac and skeletal myopathy and hepatomegaly. (medscape.com)
Absorption of lipid compounds into the enterocyte for biochemical usage occurs through diffusion across the cellular membrane and also through lipid transporters that are located on the luminal side of the enterocyte. (medscape.com)
Recent years have seen strong research efforts on the lipid component of biological membranes. (lu.se)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)

Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. (wikipedia.org)
When applied to living cells, free NA was processed by the cell to generate various species of membrane and other lipids with incorporated vlcFAs. (uni-muenchen.de)
it impairs cell membrane fluidity and alters the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and receptors, resulting in membrane malfunction [55].9 Eugenol may possibly be successful in preventing the toxic manifestations developed by increased levels of lipids induced by triton WR-1339. (pteninhibitor.com)
Growth of Pseudomonas oleovorans GPol in continuous culture containing a bulk n-octane phase resulted in changes of the fatty acid composition of the membrane lipids. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Cell membranes are composed of fatty acids (lipids), and proteins are made up of amino acids. (extremetech.com)
Previous studies showed that the NHD of PE-conjugated ATG8s mediates membrane hemifusion via a direct interaction with lipids in trans-membrane association, which would require the NHD in lipidated ATG8s to adopt a solvent-oriented, "open", conformation that unmasks a UBL domain surface needed for membrane tethering. (bvsalud.org)
The membrane is a surface layer that holds the cell together and that largely comprises lipids, built of fatty acids. (lu.se)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)

Major components of bile were not responsible for the observed changes, but long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are minor components of bile, were shown to be incorporated into phospholipids of V. cholerae. (duke.edu)
Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (springer.com)
These are then processed into other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) by elongation and desaturation. (cambridge.org)

The American Heart Association recommendation for those with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) is to eat two fatty fish servings per week and for those with a history of CHD to consume 1 g/day of two omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid (Kris-Etherton, et al. (cdc.gov)
Oily fish is very recommended because they contain mostly EPA and DHA, two types of omega 3 fatty acids. (botanical-online.com)
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are essential for human health. (liarsliarsliars.com)
It is one of the omega 3 fatty acids to look for on a label. (marvistavet.com)
ABSTRACT To examine whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids from Clupeonella grimmi can relieve symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, we carried out a cross-over clinical trial on 36 girls aged 18-22 years. (who.int)

Whereas the physical properties of membrane fatty acids affect the activity of membrane proteins and, indirectly, an animal s BMR, it is the susceptibility of those fatty acids to peroxidation which influence MLSP. (monash.edu)
Typically, OMVs are dominated by outer membrane proteins, while the cytoplasmic membrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins are the primary contents of MVs. (nature.com)
Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
PUFA alter membrane physical characteristics and the activity of membrane-bound proteins. (cdc.gov)
Scientists speculate that a 50-50 mixture of left and right amino acids would most likely not be of biological origin, but if the sample is composed of mostly one or the other, that could indicate living organisms aggregated those molecules in their proteins. (extremetech.com)
The membrane phospholipid bilayer forms the matrix within which membrane proteins, such as receptors and ion channels, are embedded and to which membrane-associated proteins involved in second messenger systems are attached. (cambridge.org)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
For instance, the vertical nanowires can be used to study different proteins that are active in the body's cell membranes. (lu.se)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)

Cis unsaturated fatty acids, however, increase cellular membrane fluidity, whereas trans unsaturated fatty acids do not. (wikipedia.org)
We also observed the impact of SLO supplementation on the membrane fluidity index. (sharkyear.com)
Membrane fluidity in Alzheimer disease The role of the physical-chemical properties of intracellular membranous structures such as membrane fluidity in AD pathogenesis has been extensively. (syromonoed.com)
Background Dietary fatty acids can affect brain health by modifying neuronal membrane fluidity. (researchgate.net)
Dietary lipophilic index (LI) and load (LL) may be related to cell membrane fluidity. (researchgate.net)

In one of the most extensive analyses to date we show that the balance of diet n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is the most important determinant of membrane composition in the rat under 'normal' conditions. (nih.gov)
The conformer-regulator model was used (slope=1 indicates membrane composition completely conforming to diet). (nih.gov)
Diet balance between n-3 and n-6 PUFA had a biphasic influence on membrane composition. (nih.gov)
After 70 d, liver pathology, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), biochemical markers of oxidative stress, liver fatty acid composition, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression and activity and cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) expression were assessed. (nih.gov)
Both basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximum lifespan potential (MLSP) vary with body size in mammals and birds and it has been suggested that these are mediated through size-related variation in membrane fatty acid composition. (monash.edu)
We determined BMR and tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition in seven tissues from three species of parrots with an average MLSP of 27 years and from two species of quails with an average MLSP of 5.5 years. (monash.edu)
We did find that (1) all birds had lower n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content in mitochondrial membranes compared to those of the corresponding tissue, and that (2) irrespective of reliance on flight for locomotion, both pectoral and leg muscle had an almost identical membrane fatty acid composition in all birds. (monash.edu)
These fatty acid chains can be saturated or unsaturated, and the chemical composition of each chain is different. (medscape.com)
In conclusion, our results show that even short-term SLO supplementation can improve human erythrocyte fatty acid composition and other parameters that may have health-promoting consequences. (sharkyear.com)
This report provides an understanding of how the composition of various fats and oils transform into the range, quality and types of acids produced, and the applications for which those acids can be used. (bccresearch.com)

Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation by protecting fatty acids . (botanical-online.com)
We used a fluorescence HPLC assay for quantitation of membrane phospholipids metabolically prelabelled with oxidation-sensitive natural fluorescent fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid (PnA). (cdc.gov)
We found that a combination of phenol /arachidpnic acid or cresol/rachidonic acid caused a pronounced oxidation of major phospholipids: phosphatidytcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine in keratinocytes. (cdc.gov)
It plays an essential role in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. (medscape.com)
Consequently, long-chain fatty acids are not available for beta-oxidation and energy production, and the production of ketone bodies (which are used by the brain) is also impaired. (medscape.com)
In secondary carnitine deficiency, which is caused by other metabolic disorders (eg, fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidemias), carnitine depletion may be secondary to the formation of acylcarnitine adducts and the inhibition of carnitine transport in renal cells by acylcarnitines. (medscape.com)

Extensive changes in diet SFA, MUFA and PUFA had minimal effect on membranes (average slopes 0.01, 0.07, 0.07 respectively), but considerable influence on adipose tissue and plasma triglycerides (average slopes 0.27, 0.53, 0.47 respectively). (nih.gov)
Role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on tumorigenesis. (springer.com)
Evaluation of RBC fatty acid content has become increasingly favored as a measure of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake. (cdc.gov)
Thus, the cumulative effect of vitamin E, selenium, zinc, folic acid, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on sperm motility and membrane properties was investigated in healthy normospermic dogs. (mdpi.com)
Free radicals attack the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cell membranes of tissues. (preparedfoods.com)

This vitamin is also important for the proper absorption of iron, calcium or other amino acids. (botanical-online.com)
Inside the laptop is a microchip capable of separating out amino acids and fatty acids -- this is what the chemical laptop is looking for. (extremetech.com)
The chemical laptop is going deeper than just detecting the presence of amino acids. (extremetech.com)
It's looking for the mixture of left-handed and right-handed amino acids. (extremetech.com)
Life on Earth evolved to use only left-handed amino acids, but perhaps life elsewhere is based on right-handed ones. (extremetech.com)
The most common mutation responsible for RCDP1 replaces the amino acid leucine at protein position 292 with a premature stop signal in the instructions for making peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 (written as Leu292Ter or L292X). (medlineplus.gov)
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for sulphur-containing amino acids (precursors to glutathione) is 1.1 g/day for women and 1.4 g/day for men, which is equivalent to 2.7 and 3.3g of glutathione/day. (preparedfoods.com)
Some 99% of Americans consume above this recommendation for sulphur-containing amino acids. (preparedfoods.com)
Therefore, supplementation with amino acids and N-acetylcysteine to increase glutathione in the body will likely only benefit individuals that do not consume enough of these amino acids or who are under oxidative stress. (preparedfoods.com)
Carnitine is a naturally occurring hydrophilic amino acid derivative, produced endogenously in the kidneys and liver and derived from meat and dairy products in the diet. (medscape.com)
The PCA strategy using all kimchi components including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and others also showed that starter kimchi fermented faster with more organic acid and mannitol production. (who.int)

The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In human epidermis, active metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins is regulated by prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) which is also known to catalyze xenobiotic biotransformation. (cdc.gov)

Most fatty acids in the trans configuration (trans fats) are not found in nature and are the result of human processing (e.g., hydrogenation). (wikipedia.org)
Unsaturated fats can be classified as "omega three" fatty acids or "omega six" fatty acids, depending on the location of the double bond relative to the methyl group at the end of the chain. (marvistavet.com)

In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
They are important components of phospholipids and cholesterol esters, which are themselves integral to the neuronal cell membrane, especially synaptic and dendritic membranes, but also intracellular membranes such as mitochondria and vesicles. (cambridge.org)
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)

and employed univariate linear regression models to investigate the association with IR and fatty acid profiles.ResultsSubjects with IR displayed significantly higher levels of linoleic acid (p=0.001), lower levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (p<0.001), lower total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) (p<0.006), and an increased n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA ratio (p=0.001). (swan.ac.uk)
IR was associated with significantly higher linoleic acid levels, total n-6PUFA, and an increased ratio of n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA, and negatively associated with arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels, total saturated fatty acid, and total n-3PUFA. (swan.ac.uk)
The principal central nervous system-related EFAs are eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (both ω-3) and arachidonic acid (ω-6). (cambridge.org)

2002). The Omega-3 Index is a measure of EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in the blood, and expressed as a percent of 21 fatty acids, in specifically the red blood cell membranes (Harris, et al. (cdc.gov)
The Omega-3 Index measures the amount of EPA and DHA in red blood cell membranes and is a marker of omega-3 status. (news-medical.net)

Some trans fatty acids also occur naturally in the milk and meat of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep). (wikipedia.org)

Although the bile-induced phospholipid profile was independent of the V. cholerae virulence cascade, we identified another relevant environment in which V. cholerae assimilates unique fatty acids into its membrane phospholipids - marine sediment. (duke.edu)
1989). In the present work, we tested whether redox-cycling of phenolic compounds can induce peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and deplete antioxidants in keratinocytes. (cdc.gov)

Among the diet-based biomarkers are fatty acids (FAs), whether measured in plasma or red blood cell (RBC) membranes. (news-medical.net)

In U. N. DAs (Ed.), Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: the role of essential fatty acids (pp. 181-200). (springer.com)
Most of the metabolic energy of neurons is expended on maintaining ion gradients across the cell membrane. (benbest.com)
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on the metabolic parameters, liver enzymes, and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (researchgate.net)

Evidence derived from structural perturbations induced by free fatty acids and lifetime heterogeneity analysis. (iitkgp.ac.in)

The global market for natural fatty acids will grow from nearly $13.5 billion in 2018 to $17.5 billion by 2023, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% for the period of 2018-2023. (bccresearch.com)

SLO supplementation caused a significant increase in the content of the polyunsaturated omega-3 FAs: docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid. (sharkyear.com)
The aim of this review is to highlight current insights into the roles of choline and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in maternal and infant nutrition, with special emphasis on dietary recommendations, gaps in dietary intake, and synergistic implications of both nutrients in infant brain and eye development. (mdpi.com)
BY MIGUEL F. MOLINA AND NICOLAS G. BAZAN Bioactive derivative of docosahexaenoic acid is a homeostatic cell survival sentinel in the nervous system. (syromonoed.com)

Their effect on neuronal membrane dynamics and therefore on receptor, transporter and neurotransmitter function is profound (see below). (cambridge.org)

Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. (nature.com)
Membrane vesicles (MVs) have recently been identified as type zero secretion systems [ 5 ], which are nano-sized spherical buds regularly released from microbial cellular membranes. (nature.com)
MVs are released from the outer membrane of bacterial cells, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria, and from the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, such as MVs from Gram-positive bacteria. (nature.com)

Essential fatty acids: biochemistry, physiology and pathology. (springer.com)
Can essential fatty acids reduce the burden of disease(s)? (springer.com)
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 75 (3), 197-202. (springer.com)
Essential fatty acids (Vitamin F) (omega acids group) prevent macular degeneration and help in the formation of vitamin A from carotenes. (botanical-online.com)
The essential fatty acids (EFAs) are LC-PUFAs obtained exclusively through diet and they comprise 15-30% of the brain's dry weight. (cambridge.org)
Recently the Essential Fatty Acids have received a great deal of press. (marvistavet.com)
As cell membranes are both dynamic and compositionally complex, replicating these aspects in a model membrane are essential. (lu.se)

Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)
[ 1 ] Intracellular carnitine deficiency impairs the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)

2021) Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort. (news-medical.net)

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. (wikipedia.org)

This straightens out the fatty acid molecules and packs them closer together, giving vegetable oil so treated a solid texture like lard. (lewrockwell.com)
If unavailable, they will be replaced by non-EFAs, changing the behaviour of the phospholipid molecules and affecting the tertiary and quaternary structures of membrane-bound receptors and associated neurotransmitters. (cambridge.org)
Phytanic acid is broken down through a multistep process into smaller molecules that the body can use for energy. (medlineplus.gov)
NOESY, nuclear Overhauser fatty acid, only eight water molecules are effect spectroscopy. (lu.se)

Testing with a synthetic solution resulted in an overall mass transfer coefficient of 0.088 μm s −1 for butyric acid, and 0.157 μm s −1 when fermentation broth was used. (lu.se)
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of five or fewer carbons (e.g. butyric acid). (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, the mean acyl chain length and unsaturated fatty acids also increased as the growth rates increased both in octane-grown and citrate-grown cells. (northumbria.ac.uk)
2010). Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity. (springer.com)

Increases in dietary saturated fat increased liver membrane resistance to oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
Combination of phenolic compounds with arachidonic acid induces "futile thiol pumping" and oxidative stress in epidermal human keratinocytes. (cdc.gov)

In the group of omega-6 FAs, we observed a significant elevation of arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid content. (sharkyear.com)
The PCA-derived vascular biomarker cluster was positively associated with linoleic acid, n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA ratio and inversely associated with EPA.ConclusionSpecific erythrocyte membrane fatty acid compositions are associated with impaired vascular health and IR in adults with T1D. (swan.ac.uk)
They are linoleic acid (LA = omega 6) and alpha linolenic acid (= omega 3). (botanical-online.com)

The geometric differences between the various types of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, play an important role in biological processes, and in the construction of biological structures (such as cell membranes). (wikipedia.org)
1993), as well uptake and translocation of long-chain fatty acids as NMR solution structures (Hodsdon et al. (lu.se)

The most common OCFA are the saturated C15 and C17 derivatives, pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid respectively, which are found in dairy products. (wikipedia.org)
This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. (springer.com)

Most common fatty acids are straight-chain compounds, with no additional carbon atoms bonded as side groups to the main hydrocarbon chain. (wikipedia.org)
The enzymes in these sac-like compartments break down many different substances, including fatty acids and certain toxic compounds. (medlineplus.gov)
Electron microscopy revealed characteristic apoptotic nuclear fragmentation in keratinocytes exposed to a combination of phenolic compounds with arachidonic acid. (cdc.gov)

Fatty acids specifically related to the anisotropic properties of plasma membrane from rat urothelium. (springer.com)
Primary carnitine deficiency is caused by a deficiency in the plasma membrane carnitine transporter, with urinary carnitine wasting causing systemic carnitine depletion. (medscape.com)
SLC22A5 mutations can affect carnitine transport by impairing maturation of transporters to the plasma membrane. (medscape.com)

Benzo(a)anthracene (PubChem CID: 5954) vegetable oils and examined the identity through the fatty acids profiles. (bvsalud.org)

V. cholerae motility, as well as virulence factor expression and outer membrane protein production, has been shown to be affected by bile. (duke.edu)
Recently, some specific Gram-positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum , were found to possess a novel cell wall structure consisting of an arabinogalactan layer covalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer, and a special outer membrane consisting of mycolic acids (mycomembrane) [ 19 ]. (nature.com)
These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between specific erythrocyte fatty acids levels and vascular health in type 1 diabetes (T1D) with and without insulin resistance (IR).MethodsWe analysed baseline pretreatment data in a subset of 23 patients with T1D from a previously published randomised controlled trial consisting of comprehensive erythrocyte-derived fatty acid profiles and a panel of inflammation-associated endothelial markers. (swan.ac.uk)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. (springer.com)
They are important for maintaining cell membranes, preventing inflammation, and supporting cognitive health. (liarsliarsliars.com)

Exposure to phenol (cresol) + arachidonic acid decreased total antioxidant reserves in keratinocytes as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in the presence of a water-soluble azo-initiator, AAPH. (cdc.gov)
Measurements with a thiol-reagent, ThioGlo-1 showed that phenol (cresol) + arachidonic acid depleted GSH and oxidized protein sulfuydryls in keratinocytes. (cdc.gov)

An important saturated fatty acid is stearic acid (n = 16), which when neutralized with sodium hydroxide is the most common form of soap. (wikipedia.org)
Most fatty acids are even-chained, e.g. stearic (C18) and oleic (C18), meaning they are composed of an even number of carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
Stearic acid. (bccresearch.com)

Without enough of these enzymes, peroxisomes cannot break down fatty acids and other substances effectively. (medlineplus.gov)

63] reported that the administration of lupeol and lupeol linoleate to hypercholesterolemic rats resulted in reduction of fatty changes in hepatic tissue.five. (pteninhibitor.com)

Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)

Oleic acids. (bccresearch.com)

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 22 or more carbons. (wikipedia.org)
Supplementing cellular membranes with very long chain fatty acids (vlcFAs) is notoriously difficult given the extreme insolubility of vlcFAs in aqueous solution. (uni-muenchen.de)

The matrix (space within the inner membrane), which is a fluid. (wikipedia.org)

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides. (wikipedia.org)
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 13 to 21 carbons. (wikipedia.org)
A fatty acid consists of a long carbon chain (say 20 or so carbons in length) with a biochemical acid group, called a "carboxyl group" at one end and a "methyl" group on the other end. (marvistavet.com)
A fatty acid: a long chain of carbons with an acid group on one end. (marvistavet.com)
An unsaturated fatty acid has a double bond between two carbons in the chain. (marvistavet.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Remodelling of the Vibrio cholerae membrane by incorporation of exogenous fatty acids from host and aquatic environments. (duke.edu)
Our results suggest that Vibrio species possess unique machinery conferring the ability to take up a wider range of exogenous fatty acids than other enteric bacteria. (duke.edu)

Thus, the interplay between these antioxidants and the specific synergy between the vitamins, is very important for the protection of cellular membranes. (dsm.com)

Postsynaptic membranes contain several types of glutamate receptors, notably NMDA & AMPA receptors, which allow calcium ion entry. (benbest.com)

In my talk, I will show you some examples how such biological cues influence the dynamic properties of membranes. (lu.se)

Depolarization of presynaptic membranes results in release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (glutamic acid) . (benbest.com)

It also assesses the impact of rising raw material prices, tight supply and demand curves for certain acid chains, the uncertainty of the economy in many of the developed countries around the world, and the impact of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) accreditation. (bccresearch.com)
Initial digestion of dietary triglycerides takes place with pancreatic lipase, which hydrolyzes one fatty acid chain at a time to form 2 free fatty acid (FFA) chains and one 2-monoglyceride (2MG) compound per each triglyceride. (medscape.com)

Neither BMR nor membrane susceptibility to peroxidation corresponded with differences in MLSP among the birds we measured. (monash.edu)

Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms10

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes56

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Information Science4

Health Care1

Lipid26

Lipids8

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty3

Omega-3 fat5

Proteins9

Fluidity5

Composition10

Oxidation6

PUFA5

Amino11

Metabolism2

Fats2

Mitochondria3

Eicosapentaenoic3

Blood cell membranes2

Trans fatty1

Phospholipids2

Biomarkers1

Metabolic3

Free fatty1

20231

Docosahexaenoic acid3

Neuronal membrane1

Vesicles3

Essential7

Mitochondrial2

Erythrocyte fatty acid1

Saturated or unsaturated1

Molecules4

Butyric acid2

Acyl2

Oxidative2

Linoleic acid3

Structures2

Derivatives2

Compounds3

Plasma membrane3

Vegetable1

Outer3

Inflammation3

Arachidonic acid2

Stearic3

Enzymes1

Rats1

Protein function1

Oleic1

VLCFAs2

Inner membrane1

Carbons5

Exogenous2

Antioxidants1

Receptors1

Biological1

Glutamate1

Chains2

Peroxidation1

Humans1