Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty acids, a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient category. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic adaptation of fatty-acid metabolism: a human-specific haplotype increasing the biosynthesis of long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. (ox.ac.uk)
Traditionally, natural products, a key resource from secondary metabolism, have been studied at a chemical level before the gene clusters or enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis were known. (drexel.edu)
Carnitine is an important small water-soluble molecule that binds to long-chain fatty acids and facilitates their transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix to undergo fatty acid oxidation (metabolism). (medscape.com)
Beta-oxidation8
Futile cycling of intermediates of fatty acid biosynthesis toward peroxisomal beta-oxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (unil.ch)
When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis, when they are completely oxidized to CO2 and water by beta oxidation and the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Beta oxidation, in the mitochondrial matrix, then cuts the long carbon chains of the fatty acids (in the form of acyl-CoA molecules) into a series of two-carbon (acetate) units, which, combined with co-enzyme A, form molecules of acetyl CoA, which condense with oxaloacetate to form citrate at the "beginning" of the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)
They participate in important peroxisome-specific chemical reactions, such as beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. (medscape.com)
Whereas the mitochondria are responsible for the oxidation of the bulk of dietary fatty acids (palmitate, oleate and linolate), peroxisomes are responsible fully for the beta oxidation of VLCFAs (C24:0 and C26:0) in addition to pristanic acid (from dietary phytanic acid) and dihydroxycholestanoic acid (DHCA) or trihydroxycholestanoic acid (THCA). (medscape.com)
Another major function of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system is related to the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid (C22:6w3). (medscape.com)
Consequently, long-chain fatty acids are not available for beta-oxidation and energy production, and the production of ketone bodies (which are used by the brain) is also impaired. (medscape.com)
Long-chain4
the tissues of the central nervous system cannot use fatty acids, despite containing mitochondria, because long-chain fatty acids (as opposed to medium-chain fatty acids) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier into the interstitial fluids that bathe these cells. (wikipedia.org)
This human-specific haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and thereby might have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary LC-PUFAs. (ox.ac.uk)
[ 1 ] Intracellular carnitine deficiency impairs the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
It serves as a mechanism for transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix, the site of b-oxidation of fatty acids for energy generation. (medscape.com)
Degradation2
The team discovered that DESAT1 is degraded by calpains, calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, in the presence of unsaturated fatty acids and that this degradation is enabled by a diproline motif at DESAT1's N-terminus. (asbmb.org)
Now, the team is going back a step further in the pathway leading to DESAT1 degradation, trying to understand how temperature changes are sensed inside the cell to lead to changes in fatty acid composition and consequent effects on the whole organism. (asbmb.org)
Phospholipids2
For example, phospholipids form the phospholipid bilayers out of which all the membranes of the cell are constructed from fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) compose a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of various genes required for the synthesis of phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol. (novusbio.com)
Mitochondria2
Peroxisomes also work in conjunction with mitochondria to shorten fatty acid chains, which are in turn degraded to completion in the mitochondria. (medscape.com)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
Metabolic1
In secondary carnitine deficiency, which is caused by other metabolic disorders (eg, fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidemias), carnitine depletion may be secondary to the formation of acylcarnitine adducts and the inhibition of carnitine transport in renal cells by acylcarnitines. (medscape.com)
Lipid3
The research in my lab is at the interface of chemistry and biology to investigate the molecular basis of diseases and discover novel therapeutic/technological approaches (e.g., ligands, biodrugs, nanodiscs, targeted nanovectors, lipid-nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery, engineered viral cages and antibodies). (iit.it)
nanoBIOTECHNOLOGY , with applications that range from design and generation of bioactive 3D (nano-)biomaterials (e.g., nanodiscs, targeted nanovectors, lipid-nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery, engineered viral cages and antibodies) to biodrugs and cascade biocatalysts in sustainable technology. (iit.it)
In disorders of fatty acid oxidation, excessive lipid accumulation occurs in muscle, heart, and liver, with cardiac and skeletal myopathy and hepatomegaly. (medscape.com)
Novo4
As background, mammals are incapable of synthesizing n-3 fatty acids de novo and are therefore entirely dependent on dietary sources to procure and maintain adequate concentrations in peripheral and central phospholipid membranes. (hindawi.com)
Ded to preserve enhanced biosynthesis, such as ATP and de novo fatty acids' production. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
We showed that de novo fatty acids' production detected by the Raman intensity at 1444 cm-1 increases with cancer aggressiveness, in contrast towards the production of lactic acid detected by the Raman intensities at 823 cm-1 that decreases with cancer aggressiveness for single cancer cells in vitro. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Our results show that the cancer cells adhere to the identical pattern of behavior as normal cells by ADC Linker Chemical site inducing mechanisms of larger cytochrome c concentration to maintain oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain required to fuel bioenergetics via ATP and improve de novo biosynthesis of lipids. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Enzymes2
To determine the importance of genetic variability to fatty-acid biosynthesis, we studied FADS1 and FADS2, which encode rate-limiting enzymes for fatty-acid conversion. (ox.ac.uk)
Similar to SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, SREBP-2 acts by first binding to sterol regulatory DNA sequences, and subsequently up-regulating the synthesis of enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis. (novusbio.com)
Bile acids2
Peroxisomes are also involved in the production of cholesterol, bile acids, and plasmalogens, which contribute to a big part of the phospholipid content of the brain white matter. (medscape.com)
These last 2 compounds lead to the formation of bile acids, cholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid from cholesterol in the liver. (medscape.com)
Catabolism1
In catabolism, fatty acids are metabolized to produce energy, mainly in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (wikipedia.org)
Metabolites2
My lab is interested in all aspects of these metabolites, ranging from their biosynthesis and their microbiological role in nature to applications in the clinic. (drexel.edu)
Gas chromatography MS is ideal for screening engineered bacterial strains for small metabolites like terpenes, fatty acids or small polyketides. (drexel.edu)
Protein3
Long-chain free fatty acids enter metabolizing cells (i.e. most living cells in the body except red blood cells and neurons in the central nervous system) through specific transport proteins, such as the SLC27 family fatty acid transport protein. (wikipedia.org)
C-reactive protein level had a significant association with body mass index ( r = 0.18), adiposity ( r = 0.23), smoking ( r = 0.20), carbohydrate intake ( r = 0.19) and saturated fatty acid ( r = 0.20). (who.int)
Synthesis3
Developing cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) readily utilised exogenously supplied 14 C-labelled fatty-acid substrates for the synthesis of triacylglycerols. (aston.ac.uk)
The molecular mechanism that contributes to nitrogen source dependent omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) synthesis in marine oleaginous protists Thraustochytriidae sp. (aut.ac.nz)
The fatty acid (FA) synthesis was significantly influenced by the supplement of various levels of sodium nitrate (SN) (1-50 mM) or urea (1-50 mM). (aut.ac.nz)
Cytochrome1
Depending on the Raman intensities with the vibrations corresponding to cytochrome c, fatty acids and lactic acid, we found that in breast cancer cells, the total ATP turnover was 75 Hedgehog Species oxidative and 25 glycolytic. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Genes1
Of note, genes involved in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis in the tetraploids displayed different CHH methylation in the gene flanking regions and were prominently up-regulated, consistent with greater accumulation of UFAs and JA when exposed to the cold stress. (jipb.net)
Nitrogen1
Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Gene Expression in Thraustochytriidae sp. (aut.ac.nz)
Molecule1
Once inside the cell, long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase catalyzes the reaction between a fatty acid molecule with ATP (which is broken down to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate) to give a fatty acyl-adenylate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to give a fatty acyl-CoA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Hormones2
In another type of anabolism, fatty acids are modified to form other compounds such as second messengers and local hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Carnitine is a naturally occurring hydrophilic amino acid derivative, produced endogenously in the kidneys and liver and derived from meat and dairy products in the diet. (medscape.com)
Preterm newborns also may be at risk for developing carnitine deficiency because immature renal tubular function combined with impaired carnitine biosynthesis renders them strictly dependent on exogenous supplies to maintain normal plasma carnitine levels. (medscape.com)
Valproic acid may cause an acquired type of secondary carnitine deficiency by directly impairing renal tubular reabsorption of carnitine. (medscape.com)
Analysis of urine organic acids, serum amino acids, and acylcarnitine panels can be used to distinguish this condition from other causes of carnitine deficiency. (medscape.com)
Deficiency4
Here evidence implicating omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency in the pathoaetiology of CHD and MDD is reviewed, and the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for CHD comorbidity in MDD patients is evaluated. (hindawi.com)
A rapidly emerging body of evidence suggests that membrane omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for both CHD [ 18 ] and MDD [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although this evidence was obtained from studies conducted largely in parallel in the fields of cardiology and psychiatry, the potential contribution of n-3 fatty acid deficiency to increased CHD morbidity and mortality in MDD has been postulated previously [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
To evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a risk factor for CHD morbidity and mortality in MDD, it is important to consider that the age at onset for unipolar and bipolar depression peaks in young adulthood (15-19 years) [ 24 , 25 ], whereas CHD mortality peaks substantially later (75-84 years) [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Enzyme2
In fruit flies, an enzyme called DESAT1, a delta-9-desaturase, is a key player in responses to temperature changes at both the cellular level, where it influences membrane fluidity by synthesizing monounsaturated fatty acids, and at the whole-organism level, where it controls temperature-influenced behaviors like mating. (asbmb.org)
The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase. (igem.org)
Reacts1
Acyl-trasferase reacts with acyl-ACP to release R-COOH, a free fatty acid. (igem.org)
Chains1
Between meals they are released as follows: Lipolysis, the removal of the fatty acid chains from the glycerol to which they are bound in their storage form as triglycerides (or fats), is carried out by lipases. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary2
This body of evidence provides strong support for future studies to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary n-3 fatty acid status on CHD comorbidity and mortality in MDD patients. (hindawi.com)
Interluekin-6 concentration was significantly correlated with dietary carbohydrate ( r = 0.15), saturated fatty acid ( r = 0.15) and glycaemic load ( r = 0.15). (who.int)
Gene1
Our results elucidated that the gene transcripts of delta(3,5)-delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, fatty acid elongase 3, long-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA ligase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were up-regulated under urea cultivation, contributing to the extension and unsaturated bond formation. (aut.ac.nz)
Function1
Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential for the development and function of the human brain. (ox.ac.uk)
Once freed from glycerol, the free fatty acids enter the blood, which transports them, attached to plasma albumin, throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
System1
GPLs were separated in solvent system containing chloroform, methanol, and acetic acid (65:25:10, v/v/v). ( C ) LSC quantification of extracted GPLs. (elifesciences.org)
Energy1
This results from the inability to oxidize fatty acids and generate ketones to provide energy during catabolic states. (medscape.com)
Type1
Les DE comprennent de nombreux produits différents qui peuvent être classés en diverses catégories telles que, par exemple, les ordinateurs portables (écrans LCD et LED), les téléviseurs (CRT, LCD et LED), les moniteurs (CRT, LCD et LED), les téléphones cellulaires et intelligents, les panneaux solaires photovoltaïques (PV), les disques durs traditionnels (HDD) et de type solid-state drive (SSD) et les tablettes électroniques. (inrs.ca)