Fate pluripotent es cells embryonic cell differentiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Oct4: Oct4 is expressed in the ICM and participate in maintaining its pluripotency, a role that has been recapitulated in ICM derived mouse embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
We have recently identified a novel intrinsic factor, Neuronatin (Nnat), which acts as a neural initiator in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and also promotes the neural fate in Xenopus embryos (Lin et al, submitted). (jcmm.cz)
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic Oct4-GFP reporter mice with or without Sirt6 were used for reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride also inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6), promotes cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro and promotes neural differentiation of hPSCs as part of a chemical cocktail. (tocris.com)
Decreased proliferation and Nanog expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, with increased erythroid differentiation (Chae et al. (stemcell.com)
Here we test this model by evaluating the impact of MLL3/4 loss on chromatin and transcription during early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Application of various small molecules and recombinant proteins to mouse embryonic stem cells at specific time points in vitro has enabled recapitulation of developmental cues with subsequent formation of inner ear organoids. (springer.com)

Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)
We are particularly interested in the role the remodelling of chromatin - the machinery in the nucleus of which chromosomes are built, comprising histone proteins and DNA which wraps around them - plays in the function of pluripotent stem cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Chromatin is highly dynamic: in order to control accessibility to the genome, it condenses or decondenses, and moves throughout the nucleus as a a cell fulfils its function. (cam.ac.uk)
We seek a systematic understanding of how epigenetic processes reverberate through the cell at a system level , starting from structural changes to chromatin. (cam.ac.uk)
We have shown that pluripotency is affected by global condensation and decondensation of chromatin, and that this causes changes in cell and nuclear mechanics. (cam.ac.uk)
SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)
During development, various signaling cascades culminate in the activation of key transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes, which collectively establish and/or maintain gene expression programs controlling cell identity. (rajajothi.com)

Transcriptome analysis revealed the persistent expression of pluripotency genes and underexpression of developmental genes during differentiation in the absence of Kdm5b, suggesting that KDM5B plays a key role in cellular fate changes. (nih.gov)
Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. (nih.gov)
RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
In terms of the gene regulatory network defining cellular potency, Nanog has direct mutual interactions with two other core stem cell specific genes Oct4 and Sox2. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show that Jarid2 is a novel subunit of PRC2 that is required for the co-recruitment of PRC1 and RNAP to genes that regulate development in ES cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Jarid2-deficient ES cells showed reduced H3K4me2/me3 and H3K27me3 marking and PRC1/PRC2 recruitment, and did not efficiently establish Ser 5-phosporylated RNAP at target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
ES cells lacking Jarid2, in contrast to previously characterized PRC1 and PRC2 mutants, did not inappropriately express PRC2 target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Collectively, these data indicate that transcriptional priming of bivalent genes in pluripotent ES cells is Jarid2-dependent, and suggests that priming is critical for subsequent multi-lineage differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
Our studies also suggest that these hESC reporter lines will become valuable for investigators working on optimizing stem cell differentiation and culture for other tissues, as many of these reporter genes are not only restricted to HSC. (ca.gov)
The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)
The SNL 76/7 cell line is derived from a mouse fibroblast STO cell line transformed with neomycin resistance and murine LIF genes. (appliedstemcell.com)
Induces upregulation of the pluripotency network genes (Klf4, Klf2, Nanog, Oct4, Myc, Sox2) and epigenetic-associated proteins (Dnmt3a, Mbd3) in mouse ES cells, and inhibits retinoic acid-induced differentiation (Adamo et al. (stemcell.com)
In yet another coup for a research concept known as "big data," researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a computerized algorithm to understand the complex and rapid choreography of hundreds of proteins that interact in mindboggling combinations to govern how genes are flipped on and off within a cell. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
Successful development of ES cell-based therapies not only depends on our understanding of the genes and pathways that constitute the genetic network governing ES cell homeostasis, but also the mechanisms that maintain the intricate homeostatic balance between self-renewal and differentiation. (rajajothi.com)
Over the years, the group has successfully identified and characterized many genes with previously unknown roles in ES cell biology. (rajajothi.com)
Numerous studies have shown that viral vectors can be used to implant osteoinductive growth factor genes directly into the paraspinal muscles or into cells that can subsequently be implanted next to the spine. (medscape.com)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

While more and more long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were identified to take important roles in both maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation, how these lincRNAs may define and drive cell fate decisions on a global scale are still mostly elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

However, it is still unclear to what extent hiPSC may be capable of recapitulating in vitro the cellular and molecular features of the native retina, especially regarding photoreceptor differentiation and functional maturation. (nature.com)
Instead, they show a severely compromised capacity for successful differentiation towards neural or mesodermal fates and failed to correctly initiate lineage-specific gene expression in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
These lines will serve as tools to identify factor combinations to improve the in vitro differentiation of hESCs to functional blood stem cells. (ca.gov)
Human somatic cells can also be reprogrammed, providing iPS cells both as tools for translational research such as for in vitro drug screens and for cell replacement therapy. (wisc.edu)
The difference is iPS cells are derived from adult cells, not in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic embryos. (lifecoderx.com)
Un rôle majeur des prostaglandines dans l'hématopoïèse, ainsi mis en évidence, a pu être étendu à la souris chez qui un traitement par la prostaglandine PGE2 provoque la multiplication des CSH in vivo et in vitro, un résultat qui génerera très probablement des applications cliniques. (hypotheses.org)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Therefore, the implantation of human cells reprogrammed in vitro represents an alternative strategy [ 16 - 19 ]. (thno.org)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. (mdpi.com)

The physical and functional separation of the inner cell mass from the trophectoderm (TE) is a special feature of mammalian development and is the first cell lineage specification in these embryos. (wikipedia.org)
There is primary interest in which transcription factors and signaling molecules direct blastomere asymmetric divisions leading to what are known as inside and outside cells and thus cell lineage specification. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, Oct4 expression is subsequently raised in these TE cells, indicating Cdx2 plays a role in suppressing Oct4 in this cell lineage. (wikipedia.org)
Deletion of Jarid2 leads to impaired orchestration of gene expression during cell lineage commitment. (sdbonline.org)
To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Jarid2 is a PRC2 component in embryonic stem cells required for multi-lineage differentiation and recruitment of PRC1 and RNA Polymerase II to developmental regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
3. Are there common principles in the reversion of differentiation that can be applied to switching the lineage between two differentiated cell types? (wisc.edu)
Jackson SA, Olufs ZP, Tran KA, Zaidan NZ, Sridharan R. (2016) Alternative Routes to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Revealed by Reprogramming of the Neural Lineage. (wisc.edu)
Overall, the group reported, ?our results suggest that the intermediate step of hESC differentiation into the NC [neural crest] lineage seems critical, skipping the NC induction results in a complete loss of hair-inducing activity. (lifecoderx.com)
During the process of differentiation, during which a cell commits to a particular lineage, physical alterations occur. (cam.ac.uk)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
However, they cannot form an organism because they are unable to give rise to extra embryonic tissue essential for normal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)

Sirt1, the mouse homologue of yeast Sir2 deacetylates several non-histone proteins and plays roles in many key functions, including energy metabolism, differentiation, aging, and tumor suppression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
ES and iPS, however, are not entirely similar and comparative studies show that iPS-GMO cells produced from adult cells by gene transfer coding for proteins acting directly at the DNA level have a number of characteristics. (istem.eu)
Previously, researchers could only analyze two to three proteins and DNA sequences at a time, and were unable to see the true complexities of the interactions among proteins and DNA that occur in living cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)

State-of-the art technologies are used to investigate global molecular changes that arise during neuronal fate specification and differentiation from pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. (yale.edu)
This research has been successful with the development of specific protocols for many specific neuronal populations, astrocytes, retinal cells, vascular smooth muscle, mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal muscle cells, keratinocytes, and the melanocytes of the epidermis, the dermal fibroblasts. (istem.eu)
Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)

Moreover, embryonic stem cells can be generated from Cdx2-null mice, demonstrating that Cdx2 is not essential for ICM specification. (wikipedia.org)
Like Cdx2-null embryos, the Tead4-null embryos can yield embryonic stem cells, indicating that Tead4 is dispensable for ICM specification. (wikipedia.org)
This project will shed light on the complex networks that regulate neural specification in human ES (hES) cells and may provide paradigms for the derivation of more homogenous NSC cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for stem cell replacement therapy. (jcmm.cz)
Very few studies have addressed the functional roles of the bimodal heterogeneity of Nanog expression in the differentiation and specification process of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The major shortcoming in generating functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from pluripotent stem cells is the lack of adequate markers for specification and maintenance of functional human HSCs. (ca.gov)
We seek to understand the mechanisms of cell fate specification, cell differentiation, and cell maturation during skeletal development, with a particular focus on epigenome dynamics and genomic targets of transcription factors. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

These findings provide functional insight into the role for KDM5B in regulating ES cell differentiation and as a barrier to the reprogramming process. (nih.gov)
We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution. (nih.gov)
Using these reporter lines to monitor the induction of HSC "stemless' program, we are making progress in optimizing differentiation conditions toward generating functional HSCs for transplantation. (ca.gov)
Multiple molecular and functional studies have shown that iPS cells are highly similar to ES cells. (wisc.edu)
Here we describe for the first time the derivation of functional DP-like cells human embryonic stem cells. (lifecoderx.com)
These organoids contain functional mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons, which phenocopy functional components of the inner ear responsible for detection of positional information. (springer.com)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The compound can also be used in protocols for the chemical reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs.Shown to induce autophagy in cancer cell lines via a mechanism independent of AMPK inhibition. (tocris.com)
Transcription factor- mediated reprogramming, initially demonstrated in mouse somatic cells, is the process by which the overexpression of a few transcription factors, usually, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 converts differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (wisc.edu)
Insights from these basic research studies may enable the rational development of more efficient methods of reprogramming somatic cells for use in therapeutic settings. (wisc.edu)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Exploring the genetic, molecular and biological features of neural differentiation process from embryonic and patient-specific stem cells may offer an unprecedented chance to understand normal and abnormal human brain development and diseases, with implications for drug development and potential cellular replacement therapy. (yale.edu)
This project is further to elucidate the role and the mechanism of NNAT in neural induction in human ES cells. (jcmm.cz)
Moreover, it has recently been shown that mouse and human ES cells can develop into a three-dimentional (3D) optic cup in culture that remarkably resembles the embryonic vertebrate eye 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
Here we have succeeded in inducing human iPSC to recapitulate the main steps of retinal development and to form fully laminated 3D retinal tissue by exploiting the intrinsic cues of the system to guide differentiation ( Supplementary Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. (nih.gov)
Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
RNA sequencing analysis was performed on a total of 15 samples, including haploid and diploid human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells at different differentiation states and cell cycle phases. (nih.gov)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
Our goal is to generate a toolbox of human embryonic stem cell lines to monitor blood forming (hematopoietic) stem cell development in culture. (ca.gov)
Currently, we lack markers that we can use to pinpoint the developmental stage of human ES cell derived candidate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and whether they have established the correct molecular machinery required for proper function. (ca.gov)
To help overcome these bottlenecks, we will generate a suite of human embryonic stem cell reporter lines that can be used to monitor key milestones in blood stem cell development. (ca.gov)
These tools will help translate the promise of stem cells to cell based therapies to treat human disease. (ca.gov)
The discovery of protocols to direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to a specific cell fate has been a priority goal of the I-Stem teams during the first ten years of the Institute's operation, because access to these cells clearly determined our ability to use them for our approaches to cell therapy, disease modeling, and pharmacology of monogenic diseases. (istem.eu)
These two populations of human pluripotent stem cells have the cardinal characteristics that underpin the interest, the ability to proliferate identically (each mother cell giving birth to two identical daughter cells) without limit, without ever entering senescence as all other cells in the body do, and the ability, under other culture conditions, to differentiate to give rise to any of the cellular phenotypes of the body. (istem.eu)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Based on multiple RNA-Seq datasets, we systematically identified 300 human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs (hES lincRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
Of which, one forth (78 out of 300) hES lincRNAs were further identified to be biasedly expressed in human ES cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As the first global profiling and annotating of human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs, this work aims to provide a valuable resource for both experimental biologists and bioinformaticians. (biomedcentral.com)
Combining a comprehensive collection of human embryonic stem cell RNA-Seq datasets with Human BodyMap 2, we validated that 295 previously annotated lincRNAs were expressed in multiple human embryonic stem cell samples and further identified five novel hES lincRNAs through de novo assembling. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we surveyed and manually screened published hES RNA-Seq datasets in several public repositories, resulting in a list of 31 wild-type human embryonic stem cell samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Generation and validation of a PITX2-EGFP reporter line of human induced pluripotent stem cells enables isolation of periocular mesenchymal cells. (appliedstemcell.com)
Inhibits proliferation and promotes osteogenic differentiation, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation, of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (Wu et al. (stemcell.com)
The group also noted they had more success with human ES cells than with human IPS cells. (lifecoderx.com)
The group believes that directing human ES cells to neural crest cells ?might limit the variety of mesenchymal cell types to the subset that is developmentally specified downstream from NC cells in skin (e.g. cephalic DP during development, melanocytes, cephalic bulge). (lifecoderx.com)
There are different types of stem cells that best can be described in the context of normal human development [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chambers S, Fasano C, Papapetrou E (2009) Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. (springer.com)
Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L et al (2012) Restoration of auditory evodked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. (springer.com)
Ding Q, Regan S, Xia Y, Oostrom L, Cowan C, Musunuru K (2013) Enhanced efficiency of human pluripotent stem cell genome editing through replacing TALENs with CRISPRs. (springer.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Recombinant human/mouse/rat BMP-2 (355-BM) induces alkaline phosphatase production in the ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cell line. (novusbio.com)
Abstract title:Stem cells from the mammalian blastocyst-How similar are mouse and human? (csh-asia.org)
We used Sharpr-MPRA to test 4.6 million nucleotides spanning 15,000 putative regulatory regions tiled at 5-nucleotide resolution in two human cell types. (wisc.edu)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
A new tumor model, combining human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and tumor cells, develops abundant human vessels. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that ovarian cancer cells will induce human ovarian TVM expression. (nih.gov)
Finally, our preliminary data suggest that the ESC-ovarian tumor model has human tumor vascular cells. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that the ESC ovarian tumor model, with human vascular cells, will provide an ideal microenvironment to support human stem cell growth. (nih.gov)
If successful, this will create a murine tumor model that nearly completely reproduces the human tumor microenvironment with human tumor stroma, vessels and tumor stem cells. (nih.gov)
Reprogramming roadmap is interesting for the steps involved in induced pluripotency but also reveals route to human induced trophoblast stem cells. (ipscell.com)
This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
Although possible, these strategies are often complicated to transfer to human cells due to technical issues (9 ), and only a few successful cases have been described ( 10, 11 ). (lu.se)
Here we describe how this system can be used for human embry- onic stem cells. (lu.se)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)

Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
A genetic or pharmacologic disruption of the O-GlcNAc-CK2-CSN2-CRL4COP1 axis abrogates glucose-induced p53 degradation and cancer cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)

A combination of fate-mapping studies with genetic loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments has been successfully used to uncover important molecular players in the development of the rodent telencephalon. (intechopen.com)
Since segregation of pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass from the remainder of the blastocyst is integral to mammalian development, considerable research has been performed to elucidate the corresponding cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process. (wikipedia.org)
Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarding drug discovery, several molecular mechanisms involved in various pathologies have been revealed by our cell studies derived from ES or iPS lineages. (istem.eu)
The homogeneity of the cell populations is an obligation for us because it is essential to carry out comparative studies of subtle molecular mechanisms, such as those that we explore in search of anomalies related to genetic diseases or potentially therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents that we test. (istem.eu)
Molecular Cell , 82 (1), 190-208. (axonmedchem.com)
Molecular cell, 82(1), 106-122. (axonmedchem.com)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
Molecular motors lie at the heart of biological processes from DNA replication to cell migration. (nih.gov)

Set-up a paradigm for driving hESC to differentiate towards the neural stem cells nnd then neurons. (jcmm.cz)
Established the time windows for the occurrence of NES and neurons, which is important for delineating the underlying mechanism of NNAT in neural fate. (jcmm.cz)
For cell therapy, we used three main types of protocols to efficiently produce epidermal cells, striatal neurons and retinal pigment epithelium. (istem.eu)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
The inner ear contains sensory epithelia composed of mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons that work in concert to detect sound and positional information and transmit those signals to the brain. (springer.com)
We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)

These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
We have used RT-PCR to screen pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells to identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) potentially involved in the determination or differentiation of cell lineages during early mouse development. (silverchair.com)
These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)

However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. (amegroups.org)
We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
It can also be performed quickly and repeatedly to track how a cell responds to environmental changes or crucial developmental signals. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
Amanda's uses embryonic stem cell as a model system to investigate nuclear export protein CRM1's role in developmental gene regulation. (rajajothi.com)

There is variation between species of mammals as to the number of cells at compaction with bovine embryos showing differences related to compaction as early as 9-15 cells and in rabbits not until after 32 cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, due to the variability and regulative nature of mammalian embryos, experimental evidence for establishing these early fates remains incomplete. (wikipedia.org)
Initially only based on the rare ES cell lines derived from PGD embryos, this activity has vastly expanded based since 2008 on iPS lines that allow access to any of the pathologies. (istem.eu)
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)

RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)

Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. (nih.gov)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
ES cells can self-renew indefinitely and can differentiate into all derivatives of the three germ layers, attributes that make them an attractive model for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug and toxicity testing. (rajajothi.com)

Therefore, we decided to revisit the prevailing model including the epistatic relationship between MLL3/4 to H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and gene transcription in the context of ESCs transitioning from the naive to formative pluripotent states. (biomedcentral.com)

The inner cell mass (ICM) or embryoblast (known as the pluriblast in marsupials) is a structure in the early development of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
The inner cell mass forms in the earliest stages of embryonic development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report that hiPSC can, in a highly autonomous manner, recapitulate spatiotemporally each of the main steps of retinal development observed in vivo and form three-dimensional retinal cups that contain all major retinal cell types arranged in their proper layers. (nature.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)
Embryonic development is tightly controlled at the level of gene expression. (amegroups.org)
But neural crest cells transiently arise from the dorsal neural tube during development, and give rise to many tissues at that time, including hair follicle cells. (lifecoderx.com)
A few of the cells in the inner cell mass will develop into the foetus, whereas the rest will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
Pluripotent stem cells mediate development through a combination of factors, including regulating access to the genome. (cam.ac.uk)
The important question is: does this affect cell fate, and do these processes drive embryonic development? (cam.ac.uk)
BTX ) of Alameda, California, a company engaged in stem cell research and development. (blog4ever.com)
The development of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at the single-cell level has already led to profound new discoveries in biology, ranging from the identification of novel cell types to the study of global patterns of stochastic gene expression. (wisc.edu)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
The Jothi Lab is interested in understanding how transcription regulators and epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression programs during cellular development and differentiation. (rajajothi.com)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Our in vivo tracking tools will be broadly relevant and not restricted to studying the in vivo biology of blood forming cells. (ca.gov)
The physical phenotypes we will study focus on more big-picture views of cell behaviour to generate a broader understanding of changes in cell function and will impact both cell biology and medicine. (cam.ac.uk)
West has authored and co-edited books on topics such as animal cloning, aging, gerontology, stem cells, stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine. (blog4ever.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

We also propose that over time these DNA lesions would also accumulate in stem/precursor cells impairing their replicative capacity, thereby contributing to the complex aging phenotype. (yale.edu)
They speculated the superior hair-creation capacity of their pluripotent cell derived DPs to most reported adult DPs may have to do with the resemblance of their cells to embryonic or neonatal DP precursor cells. (lifecoderx.com)
A) The DHM is a novel imaging technique we use to deduce refractive index, which gives us marker-free subcellular structure, as see in (B), which are refractive index distributions of three different differentiation routines in myeloid precursor cells. (cam.ac.uk)

Trophectoderm cells form extraembryonic tissues, which act in a supporting role for the embryo proper. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)

Metabolic regulation is integral to the proper functioning of innate lymphoid cells, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. (bvsalud.org)

Once individual lines have been validated, lines that contain multiple fluorescent reporters will be generated, and a multi factor screen will be performed to optimize conditions that induce these blood stem cell regulators. (ca.gov)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

Following fertilization in the oviduct, the mammalian embryo undergoes a relatively slow round of cleavages to produce an eight-cell morula. (wikipedia.org)
In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
A fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total, and as the fertilized egg divides all the cells in the embryo remain totipotent until the fertilized egg has reached the 8/16-cell stage. (biomedcentral.com)
In theory, and to some extent in practice, an 8-cell embryo can be divided into eight single cells, and each cell has the potential of generating an individual if implanted in a woman's uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
We think they do, almost certainly in cell sorting in the embryo (regulated by cell and nuclear mechanics), and also probably at the transcriptional level by mechanotransduction (the process by which forces are integrated by the cell and turned into changes in gene expression). (cam.ac.uk)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)

Although many key determinants of ES cell identity have been identified, it is not fully clear how ES cells maintain a stable program of self-renewal while also allowing alternate gene expression programs to induce differentiation. (rajajothi.com)

However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
We need to obtain specific cell populations homogeneously, or at least very predominantly. (istem.eu)
Although some tools for analysing RNA-seq data from bulk cell populations can be readily applied to single-cell RNA-seq data, many new computational strategies are required to fully exploit this data type and to enable a comprehensive yet detailed study of gene expression at the single-cell level. (wisc.edu)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

Dermal papilla cells regulate hair-follicle formation and growth cycle. (lifecoderx.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)

Systematical profiling and comprehensive annotation of embryonic stem cells lincRNAs may not only bring a clearer big picture of these novel regulators but also shed light on their functionalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms that coordinate the activities of master regulators, signaling pathways, and epigenetic features remain poorly understood, owing largely to incomplete characterization of the genetic network underlying ES cells. (rajajothi.com)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to divide indefinitely and to differentiate into any tissue under the correct set of chemical stimuli. (wisc.edu)
Through cell division, distributions of pluripotent stem cells self-renew while simultaneously transforming into the eventual tissue cells necessary for an organism. (cam.ac.uk)
We aim to understand cell fate determination processes in terms of gene regulation and epigenome dynamics and to provide proof-of-concept of the genome-inspired strategy for tissue regeneration and repair. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
Here, we show that disruption of exogenous proline uptake, either through dietary restriction or by deficiency of the proline transporter Slc6a7, in lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, impairs LTi activation and aggravates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. (bvsalud.org)
An immunologically identical cardiac tissue can be produced by direct reprogramming from the patients' tissue without the potential risk of tumorigenesis that occurs with induced pluripotent stem cells [ 2 ] and the ethical issue using embryonic stem cells. (thno.org)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)

These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)

Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)
One example of this is the process seen below, where an ES cell nucleus is transfected with histone H2B-RFP, and then bleached in the middle. (cam.ac.uk)
Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)
The pluripotent state of ES cells depends upon the coordinated activity of master transcription factors, key signaling pathways, and epigenetic features that include DNA methylation and histone modifications. (rajajothi.com)

1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

Resulting cultures become ?enriched in hair-inducing DP-like cells using relatively common mesenchymal-enriching conditions, such as differentiation in serum containing medium and selection for the adherent cell types. (lifecoderx.com)

Oct4 genetic knockout cells both in vivo and in culture display TE morphological characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
To track the location and quantity of transplanted cells in recipient small animal model, we will generate hESC lines with in vivo reporter system that combines bioluminescent or PET imaging, and serum-based assay. (ca.gov)
One challenge with characterizing tumor stem cells has been finding appropriate conditions for in vivo growth. (nih.gov)
We therefore propose (3) to isolate ovarian tumor stem cells and grow them in vivo using the ESC ovarian cancer model. (nih.gov)

Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)

Pengyi, a computational biologist, is intersted in understanding how signaling cascades instruct epigenetic and/or transcriptional networks regulating cell fate decisions. (rajajothi.com)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

however, the derivation of DP cells have not been reported? (lifecoderx.com)

Measured by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cells. (novusbio.com)

Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but as of yet not from humans. (nih.gov)

2015) . Jarid2 methylation via the PRC2 complex regulates H3K27me3 deposition during cell differentiation . (sdbonline.org)
We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Zaidan NZ, Sridharan R . HP1γ regulates H3K36 methylation and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. (wisc.edu)

Tran, K.A., Dillingham, C.D. and Sridharan, R. (2019) Coordinated removal of repressive epigenetic modifications during induced reversal of cell identity EMBO J- e101681. (wisc.edu)
Additionally, LTi cells deficient in Slc6a7 display downregulation of Cebpb and Kdm6b, resulting in compromised transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of interleukin-22. (bvsalud.org)

A recent study indicates that even adult humans might harbor cells resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

Baker C, Bronner-Fraser M (2001) Vertebrate cranial placodes I. Embryonic induction. (springer.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential for the modelling of these diseases or as potential therapeutic agents. (nature.com)

Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. (nih.gov)

Gene regulatory networks that drive cell fate are regulated spatiotemporally by cell-type-specific transcription factors (TFs). (biomedcentral.com)

This difference in cellular localization causes the ICM cells exposed to the fluid cavity to adopt a primitive endoderm (or hypoblast) fate, while the remaining cells adopt a primitive ectoderm (or epiblast) fate. (wikipedia.org)

Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach offers a general method for analyzing key regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
As these factors are localized in the nucleus, it is not possible to observe their expression using conventional methods without killing the cell. (ca.gov)
Cell-to-cell signalling is induced by specific ligands such as growth factors which activate their cognate receptor molecules. (amegroups.org)
However, many sites gain H3K27ac independent of MLL3/4 or H3K4me1 including enhancers regulating key factors in early differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
However, the dynamics and influencing factors of T cell activation remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we analyzed CD4 T cells that were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 under several conditions to explore the factors affecting T cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
These osteoinductive factors enhance the activation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to develop into mature bone. (medscape.com)

The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
There is no uniform definition of stem cells, but they are characterized by being i) undifferentiated, ii) having the potential to produce specialized differentiated cells for a long period of time, and iii) postulated to be capable of maintaining or expanding the number of stem cells (i.e. self-renew). (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy60

Organisms19

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Mouse embryonic7

Chromatin9

Genes24

Pluripotency and regulating diff1

Vitro12

Lineage16

Extra-embryonic3

Proteins7

Neuronal6

Specification7

Functional8

Somatic cells6

Human52

Proliferation4

Molecular9

Neurons8

Lineages4

Developmental5

Embryos4

Hematopoietic stem2

Germ layers3

ESCs1

Development21

Biology5

Precursor cells3

Tissues3

Underlying mechanisms1

Conditions that induce2

Embryo8

Induce differentiation1

Populations5

Regulate3

Regulators2

Tissue7

Adult stem4

Histone5

Progenitor3

Mesenchymal1

Vivo4

Differentiate7

Transcriptional networks2

Derivation1

Alkaline phosphatase1

Mammalian1

Regulates3

Epigenetic2

Humans2

Induction2

IPSCs1

Genome1

Gene regulato1

Endoderm1

Factors11

Self-renew2