• Spindle poisons effectively cease the production of new cells by interrupting the mitosis phase of cell division at the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells have developed various checkpoints to carry out mitosis with great accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early research concluded that spindle poisons, inserted to cells, caused a considerable reduction in the number of cells that exited mitosis, while the number of cells that entered mitosis dramatically increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells will either exit mitosis by a different pathway not normal to mitosis or they will apoptose. (wikipedia.org)
  • GR phosphorylation by an Aurora kinase-dependent pathway provides the mechanism explaining the tight coupling GSK1904529A of ligand-independent GR phosphorylation to cell cycle phase because the maximal activity of these kinases occurs in mitosis. (ap26113.com)
  • To examine the functional role of GR during mitosis we performed GR knockdown studies tracking cell division in real time and observed increased chromosome segregation errors with evidence of spindle defects. (ap26113.com)
  • Although we find tetraploid cells following GR loss (Movie S3) our data suggest that the majority of GR knockdown cells either progress through mitosis with errors or pass away in mitosis. (ap26113.com)
  • When cells pass from S to G 2 , the nuclei migrate toward the VZ surface where mitosis occurs. (jneurosci.org)
  • After mitosis, daughter cells can either remain proliferative and re-enter the cell cycle or become terminally postmitotic and migrate out of the VZ ( McConnell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
  • a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
  • In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Eukaryotic cell divisions can be classified as mitosis (equational division) and meiosis (reductional division). (mathisfunforum.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Cell division cycle associated 2 (CDCA2), a member of the cell division cycle associated proteins (CDCA) family, is crucial in the regulation of cell mitosis and DNA repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell division orientation is thought to result from a competition between cell geometry and polarity domains controlling the position of the mitotic spindle during mitosis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD (Neurod1) has been implicated in neuronal fate determination, differentiation and survival. (biologists.com)
  • They regulate 60% of all known human mRNAs and play key roles in cell physiology differentiation and carcinogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While some patients experience spontaneous regression or differentiation of the tumor, others are affected by rapid and fatal tumor progression despite increasingly intensive treatment strategies [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • The results, compiled in the Blood Proteoform Atlas (BPA), indicate that proteoforms better describe protein-level biology and are more specific indicators of differentiation than their corresponding proteins, which are more broadly expressed across cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • These cycling cells also progress through neuronal differentiation to axonal extension. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Finally quantification of the incidence of the phenotype in young and more mature neuroepithelium has CCT137690 allowed us to propose that once the transcriptional program assigning neural progenitor cells to a subtype of neurons is set up transgenic cells progress in their program of differentiation regardless of cell cycle exit. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Conclusion Our findings indicate that maintaining neural progenitor cells in proliferation is insufficient to prevent differentiation or alter cell-fate choice. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Furthermore our results indicate that the programs of neuronal specification and differentiation are controlled independently of cell cycle exit. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • In the developing nervous system two principal factors determine the fate of the differentiating neurons or glia: the position of the neural progenitor cell within the neuroepithelium and the timing of initiation of its differentiation. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • In the developing spinal cord the ventricular zone contains neural progenitor cells that are subdivided into groups destined for distinct neuronal differentiation [1]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • While oligodendrocytes retain the capacity to divide after leaving the neural progenitor domain neuronal progenitor cells exit the cell cycle prior to initiating migration and differentiation in the mantle layer. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Data indicate that cell cycle exit alone is insufficient to trigger neuronal differentiation [11 12 Conversely the onset of neuronal differentiation may be hindered by forcing neural progenitor cells to cycle CCT137690 [13]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • D-type cyclins (CyclinDs) are known to govern progression in G1 and forced expression of CyclinDs at early stages of spinal cord development keeps neural progenitor cells proliferating impeding neuronal differentiation [13]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
  • Conversely, we are investigating how complex mechanical cues influence important biological processes such as cell division, differentiation, or cancer progression. (stanford.edu)
  • We seek to understand how the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix regulate processes such as breast cancer progression, stem cell differentiation, and cell division. (stanford.edu)
  • Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitotic spindle is composed of microtubules (polymerized tubulin) that aid, along with regulatory proteins, each other in the activity of appropriately segregating replicated chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • By screening for proteins that colocalize with NHR-67 punctae, we identified new regulators of uterine cell fate maintenance: homologs of the transcriptional co-repressor Groucho (UNC-37 and LSY-22), as well as the TCF/LEF homolog POP-1. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • One of the critical factors for the control of the protein levels during the cell cycle is the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). This complex recognises proteins with specific signatures (or degrons) and targets them for degradation via the protein destruction machinery called the proteasome. (europa.eu)
  • The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Spindle Poisons and Cell Fate: A Tale of Two Pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phospho-site-specific analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic information elicited by Myc β-catenin and other mitotic pathways early in G1 are absorbed and balanced by anti-apoptotic signaling from AKT and NFκB in Dicer1-competent cells. (careersfromscience.org)
  • This poster summarizes the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and cell survival following death receptor activation, and highlights the influence of the molecular switch, cFLIP, on cell fate. (tocris.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the signature had close interactions with immune-related pathways and was closely related to CD8 T cells and monocytes in the tumor environment. (scielo.br)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prolonged mitotic arrest triggers partial activation of apoptosis, resulting in DNA damage and p53 induction. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Keywords: Dicer p21 cell cycle apoptosis HACAT miRNA signaling pathway p53 5 Introduction p53 is a versatile transcription factor which integrates information from unbalanced mitotic oncogenic or metabolic stress into graded cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest senescence DNA repair block of angiogenesis or apoptosis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • These cells may continue progressing through the cell cycle as tetraploid cells (Adaptation I), may exit G1 phase and undergo apoptosis or senescence (Adaption II), or may escape to G1 and undergo apoptosis during interphase (Adaptation III). (smpdb.ca)
  • There are two currently recognized forms of programmed cell death: apoptosis and necroptosis. (tocris.com)
  • Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Combining multiple databases and network pharmacology, we found that the mechanism of LCA inhibiting EC may be closely related to p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • LCA significantly up-regulated p53 protein and gene expression, thereby inducing apoptosis and cycle arrest. (bvsalud.org)
  • PCNA-mediated degradation of p21 coordinates the DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation in individual cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • This finding is of utmost importance since p53 is known to be key for p21 expression.2 The results reported here suggest that depletion of Dicer1 restores p21 expression in p53-mutated cells and that miRNA critically contributes to cell cycle regulation at least in part through intervening with the cyclin/CDK system and its inhibitors. (careersfromscience.org)
  • We propose a model in which association of NHR-67 with the Groucho/TCF complex suppresses the default invasive state in non-invasive cells, which complements transcriptional regulation to add robustness to the proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo . (elifesciences.org)
  • This valuable data study presents convincing data that expression of the C. elegans transcription factor NHR-67 is sufficient to drive an invasive fate, and that the alternative proliferative fate is associated with NHR-67 transcriptional down-regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
  • The Cdk5-AMT signal pathway involved in regulation of DDR by TIGAR defines a new role of TIGAR in cancer cell survival and it suggests that TIGAR may be a therapeutic target for cancers. (nature.com)
  • GR localizes to centrosomes in both interphase and mitotic cells (36) making a possible role for GR in controlling centrosome number in S-phase. (ap26113.com)
  • The TAL1/SCL transcription factor regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation in differentiating murine bone marrow monocyte precursors. (nih.gov)
  • Retinoblastoma cells activate the AKT pathway and are vulnerable to the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. (umn.edu)
  • Modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) may be part of the signaling pathway by which both local environmental factors and cell autonomous developmental programs influence corticogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Previous study revealed that the protective effect of TIGAR in cell survival is mediated through the increase in PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) flux. (nature.com)
  • Indeed, in DT40 cells, they found an epistatic relationship between Tdp2 and Ku70, a component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, in the repair of trapped Top2 covalent complexes. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • B lymphocytes from a family with GR haploinsufficiency ( A ) were analyzed for chromosome complement by metaphase spread assay ( B ). Chromosome counts show counts for 150 cells from three impartial passages (p5-p8). (ap26113.com)
  • In mitotic metaphase, typically the chromosomes (each with 2 sister chromatid that they developed due to replication in the S phase of interphase) arranged and sister chromatids split and distributed towards daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • How cells switch between proliferative and invasive states is not well understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we investigated this dichotomy in vivo by examining two cell types in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonad that derive from equipotent progenitors, but exhibit distinct cell behaviors: the post-mitotic, invasive anchor cell and the neighboring proliferative, non-invasive ventral uterine (VU) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • We show that the fates of these cells post-specification are more plastic than previously appreciated and that levels of NHR-67 are important for discriminating between invasive and proliferative behavior. (elifesciences.org)
  • During development of the hermaphroditic reproductive system, the proximal granddaughters of the Z1 and Z4 somatic gonad progenitors, Z1.pp and Z4.aa, give rise to four cells that will adopt one of two cellular fates: a proliferative ventral uterine (VU) cell or the terminally differentiated, invasive anchor cell (AC) ( Figure 1A ) ( Kimble and Hirsh, 1979 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic signals are likely to influence the proliferative potential and eventual fates of precursor cells within the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • An intrinsic mechanism that through the secretion of a specific molecule called Wingless by the neighbouring cells, instruct the receiving cells to keep their proliferative state. (europa.eu)
  • Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • Consequently we screened for expression of CDK inhibitors and found substantial upregulation of p21CIP1 in Dicer1-disrupted cells but not in Dicer1-competent (non-target siRNA) controls (Fig.?1B). (careersfromscience.org)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Elucidation of the mechanism of this association will not only allow us to test the importance of RanBP2 complex formation in a non-vertebrate system, but also provide a convenient alternative mechanism for formation of this complex that can be used to understand its importance in vertebrate cells. (nih.gov)
  • Gene knockouts have been described in (avian) DT40 cells [14] and mouse [15] , confirming etoposide sensitivity of vertebrate cells lacking Tdp2. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Are Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson's Disease Ready for the Clinic in 2016? (lu.se)
  • A second press release [2] has indicated stem cell source, resulting in widespread excitement that the program is planning to move forward very rapidly, with all of the patients being enrolled in the Correspondence to: Roger A. Barker, John van Geest Centre first quarter of 2016 and interim results being shared for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Univer- in October 2016. (lu.se)
  • The cells may then undergo one of several fates. (smpdb.ca)
  • The tetraploid cell may undergo unequal cell division producing aneuploid daughter cells. (smpdb.ca)
  • During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
  • Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
  • Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
  • In interphase cells, GTP-bound Ran (Ran-GTP) is the major form in nucleus while GDP-bound Ran (Ran-GDP) is the predominant form in cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • Tampering with this tightly monitored distribution system can result in the production of irregular chromosome content, within each cell, commonly referred to as aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several common birth defects, such as Down's syndrome, result from aneuploidy arising during meiotic cell divisions. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, aneuploidy arising from mitotic divisions is a hallmark of many types of solid tumors. (nih.gov)
  • While the observation that NHR-67 forms punctae associated with transcriptional repressors in non-invasive cells is intriguing, the work does not yet established a clear link between the formation and dissolution of NHR-67 condensates with the activation of downstream genes that NHR-67 is actively repressing. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • The majority of cell cycle regulators, including APC/C, as well as the genes regulating cells' responses to external cues, are very similar between Drosophila and mammals, although the genetic circuit in Drosophila is relatively simple and less complex compared to mammals. (europa.eu)
  • Here, we present the primary structures of ~30,000 unique proteoforms, nearly 10 times more than in previous studies, expressed from 1690 human genes across 21 cell types and plasma from human blood and bone marrow. (stanford.edu)
  • Independent experiments confirmed several target genes, including PLOD2 , HADH , LCOR and REEP1 as non-canonical target genes in various colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Disruption of RanBP2 association with kinetochores causes defective mitotic spindle assembly. (nih.gov)
  • Ran is a Ras-family GTPase that plays critical roles in multiple cellular processes including nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope assembly and mitotic spindle assembly. (nih.gov)
  • Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • Yet, whether and how cell geometry and polarity domains compete with each other not only to determine the orientation but also the centering of the mitotic spindle leading to equal or unequal cell divisions (UCDs) remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • Second, the strict correlation between the fate of a motor neuron with respect to its lineage and position in the ventral cord was disrupted, as manifested by the variable expression pattern of motor neuron fate specific markers. (biologists.com)
  • Our data suggest that cnd-1 may specify the identity of ventral cord motor neurons both by maintaining the mitotic competence of their precursors and by modulating the expression of neuronal type-specific determination factors. (biologists.com)
  • We also observed mitotic cells displaying all the features of differentiating motor neurons including axonal projection via the ventral root. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • At early CCT137690 developmental phases the ventral neural progenitor cells termed progenitors of engine neurons (pMNs) can create engine neurons while at later on phases they differentiate into oligodendrocytes. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • First, the number of motor neurons was reduced, possibly caused by the premature withdrawal of the precursors from mitotic cycles. (biologists.com)
  • which switch cell-fate from motor neurons to oligodendrocytes with time. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Cellular conference call: external feedback affects cell-fate decisions. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that cell division and basement membrane invasion are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that cell cycle progression and invasion through a basement membrane are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors in both development and disease states (reviewed in Kohrman and Matus, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
  • Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
  • mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
  • A spindle poison, also known as a spindle toxin, is a poison that disrupts cell division by affecting the protein threads that connect the centromere regions of chromosomes, known as spindles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-type-specific processing of the amyloid precursor protein by Presenilin during Drosophila development. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • p53 arrests cells during G1 progression and G1/S transit by inducing the CDK-inhibitory protein p21CIP1 and microRNA cluster miR-34a. (careersfromscience.org)
  • In the nuclei of VU cells, residual NHR-67 protein is compartmentalized into discrete punctae that are dynamic over the cell cycle and exhibit liquid-like properties. (elifesciences.org)
  • The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • A tubulin-like protein, FtsZ plays a critical role in formation of a contractile ring for the cell division. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Emma Lundberg's group has a wealth of experience in using microscopy to yield biological images that paint a picture of this cell-to-cell heterogeneity of protein expression information, and joining her lab has deepened my expertise in integrating datasets to perform innovative analyses of single-cell protein expression. (stanford.edu)
  • The diversity of processes leading to trapping of topoisomerases suggested that cells might have specific mechanisms to repair the protein/DNA covalent complexes. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A key finding from the original identification of Tdp2 was that the protein was more active in processing 5′ phosphotyrosyl-linked oligonucleotides, and that siRNA knockdown of Tdp2 in mammalian cells resulted in sensitivity to etoposide, a drug targeting topoisomerase II, but not camptothecin, a drug that targets topoisomerase I. Recent work has greatly enhanced our understanding of the biochemistry and structural biology of Tdp2. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Because of this cell fate determining position within the cell's signalosome p53 is lost mutated or functionally inactivated in most human tumor cells. (careersfromscience.org)
  • However, under these microenvironmental conditions, only 15% of tumor cells assemble invadopodia at any given time, while the rest are non-motile. (biorxiv.org)
  • This can provide Ras-expressing tumor cells additional selective advantages under stress or damage. (aging-us.com)
  • This study investigated the role of TIGAR in DNA damage response (DDR) induced by genotoxic drugs and hypoxia in tumor cells. (nature.com)
  • Alternatively, mitotic catastrophe may occur and cause cell death. (smpdb.ca)
  • It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
  • Co-deleting Pten with Rb in retinal progenitor cells in mice results in fully penetrant bilateral retinoblastomas. (umn.edu)
  • Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
  • Background Through the development of the nervous system neural progenitor cells can either stay in the pool of proliferating undifferentiated cells or exit the cell cycle and differentiate. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Cycling cells located in the mantle zone do not retain markers of neural progenitor cells such as Sox2 or Olig2 but upregulate transcription factors involved in motor neuron specification including MNR2 and Islet1/2. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Background Embryonic neural stem cells can either proliferate thereby maintaining a pool of undifferentiated neural progenitor cells or differentiate into neurons or macroglial cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • To keep pMNs in the cell cycle we forced the expression of G1-phase regulators the D-type cyclins. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that the ligands Wnt5a/b are upstream regulators of the non-canonical signature and moreover regulate proliferation of cancer cells in a β-catenin-independent manner. (nature.com)
  • Though it continues to be unclear the way the aberrant mitotic phenotype takes place a model for the era of multipolar spindles indie of centrosome GSK1904529A amplification has been advanced which lists most likely causes as cohesion exhaustion fragmentation of pericentriolar materials or centriole disengagement (35). (ap26113.com)
  • According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Some spindle poisons: Mebendazole Colchicine Griseofulvin Vinca Alkaloids Paclitaxel (Taxol) Taxane Mitotic inhibitor Wood KW, Cornwell WD, Jackson JR. (2001) Past and future of the mitotic spindle as an oncology target. (wikipedia.org)
  • These agents, termed topoisomerase poisons, lead to the accumulation of cleavage complexes, transient intermediates in the enzyme reaction cycle where the DNA is cleaved and the enzyme is covalently bound to DNA via a 5′phosphotyrosyl linkage. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In the accompanying paper [11] , the authors characterize the effects of topoisomerase II poisons such as etoposide and doxorubicin in tdp2 -deficient cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • They confirm that tdp2 -deficient cells are hypersensitive to topoisomerase II poisons, but not other types of DNA damage. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The PD173955 mechanisms however by which miRNAs interfere with cell survival and programmed cell death in transformed cells are still obscure. (careersfromscience.org)
  • This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
  • We have previously reported that TIGAR plays a pro-survival role in cancer cells through increase PPP flux 19 . (nature.com)
  • Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • However, mammalian cells in soft tissues function in 3D microenvironments, which are soft and viscoelastic, and in which cells are surrounded by neighboring cells and an extracellular matrix. (stanford.edu)
  • cnd-1 expression was first detected in neuroblasts of the AB lineage in 14 cell embryos and maintained in many neuronal descendants of the AB lineage during embryogenesis, diminishing in most terminally differentiated neurons prior to hatching. (biologists.com)
  • The NS-dividing cells were mostly Hu + and their daughters were also Hu + , suggesting their commitment to the neuronal lineage and supply of early neurons at a position much closer to their destiny than from the ventricular surface. (biologists.com)
  • Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that these events occurred primarily in precursor cells rather than in postmitotic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, upper layer neurons seem to be fated for superficial layers independent of environmental signals ( Frantz and McConnell, 1996 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)
  • Several academic and industry efforts are well under owned subsidiary Cyto Therapeutics, it had received way to produce dopaminergic neurons from stem approval by the Australian government to conduct a cells under conditions compliant with use in patients. (lu.se)
  • Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)
  • Through this process, a single mother cell divides to generate two genetically identical daughter cells. (europa.eu)
  • Whether and how such competition is also at work to determine unequal cell division (UCD), producing daughter cells of different size, remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is rare to find such a wide-ranging perspective on this topic in one volume and this collection of papers will be valuable to investigators interested in many aspects of cell biology, genetics, and cancer. (cshlpress.com)
  • Since this is a highly sought after clinical goal, we are elucidating the mechanisms of immune cell recruitment so they can be targeted to kill cancer cells. (umn.edu)
  • LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There were no sex-related differences in GR expression ( SI Appendix Fig. S19 A ) and no correlation between GR and estrogen receptor (ERα) expression across all breast malignancy subtypes or GSK1904529A with androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer ( SI Appendix Fig. S19 B ). Discussion The GR plays a key role in energy metabolism immunity and cell fate determination. (ap26113.com)
  • Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
  • Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. (degruyter.com)
  • Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • This is because cancer cells maintain high basal level of ROS, thus they are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS (Fig. 1 ). (degruyter.com)
  • ROS-modulation in normal vs. cancer cell. (degruyter.com)
  • Deregulated cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer 12 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
  • One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Results showed that TIGAR was increased and relocated to the nucleus after epirubicin or hypoxia treatment in cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • We recently demonstrated that mild DNA replication stress typically seen in cancer cells causes premature centriole disengagement in untransformed mitotic human cells, leading to transient multipolar spindles that favour chromosome missegregation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we aimed at identifying a β-catenin-independent Wnt target gene signature in order to understand the functional significance of non-canonical signaling in colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Our experiments indicate that colon cancer cells are dependent on both β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling routes for growth and proliferation. (nature.com)
  • The work will be of interest to developmental biologists studying transcriptional control of cell fate specification in animals, especially once issues around the functional significance of the NHR-67 contiaining punctae are resolved. (elifesciences.org)
  • Lilli plays a partially redundant function downstream of Raf in cell fate specification in the developing eye. (sdbonline.org)
  • Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Certain compounds affecting the mitotic spindle have proven highly effective against solid tumors and hematological malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a microtubule destabilizing agent, Vincristine stimulates mitotic spindle destruction and microtubule depolymerization at high concentrations. (smpdb.ca)
  • Hyper-activation of ATM upon DNA-PKcs inhibition modulates p53 dynamics and cell fate in response to DNA damage. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • We here show that this temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by inhibition of Dicer1 is synergistic and synthetic lethal to low-dose 5-FU chemotherapy in p53-mutated HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Finzel, A. and Grybowski, A. and Strasen, J. and Cristiano, E. and Loewer, A. Molecular Biology of the Cell 27 (15): 2360-2367. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell 23 (4): 567-576. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • I hope to extend this towards analyzing single-cell proteoform expression, understanding the heterogeneity and flux between these proteoforms in space and time, and digging into the fundamental insights about human biology these data may reveal. (stanford.edu)
  • Journal of Cell Biology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Current Opinion in Cell Biology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Much of what we know about cell biology is based on studies of cells cultured on petri dishes, or rigid flat sheets of plastic. (stanford.edu)
  • Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • How mild replication stress accelerates the centrosome cycle at the molecular level remained, however, unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dynamics of the DNA damage response: insights from live-cell imaging. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Basal dynamics of p53 reveal transcriptionally attenuated pulses in cycling cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • We synchronized HACAT cells in G0 by serum starvation for 48 h and monitored the dynamics of cell cycle transition at PD173955 various time points after G1 release. (careersfromscience.org)
  • We are all individuals: causes and consequences of non-genetic heterogeneity in mammalian cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Furthermore, the Krebs cycle intermediates are replenished by uptake of glutamine, which leads to increased production of amino acid precursors [ 8 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our results caution that this coordination between invasion and cell cycle must be considered when designing effective chemotherapies. (biorxiv.org)
  • Wound healing and transwell assay showed that LCA can reduce the migration and invasion of EC cells, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). (bvsalud.org)
  • Several other nucleoporins that do not associate with kinetochores have also been shown to have important mitotic roles, including Nup214, Nup98, and TPR. (nih.gov)
  • Their findings provide a new perspective on the roles of cell polarity and shape in the control of spindle positioning, and are of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, using invadopodia- and cell cycle- fluorescent markers, we show in 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as in vivo , that breast carcinoma cells assemble invadopodia and invade into the surrounding ECM preferentially during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biorxiv.org)
  • Alternatively, it may exit the cell cycle without undergoing cell division, a process termed mitotic slippage or adaptation. (smpdb.ca)
  • Alternatively, all the cells may become specialised and stop producing new cells, which accelerates the degeneration of tissues or the ageing process. (europa.eu)
  • Therefore, understanding how the division of the cells, i.e. the cell cycle, is coordinated with their responses to the external clues is key to understanding the causes of the formation and progression of tumours as well as the pathology of degenerative disorders, which will ultimately help develop new therapeutic strategies to these diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Colorectal tissues lost GSTO1 expression but increased nuclear localization with pathology progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • The release of a cycling daughter cell to SVZ was achieved by collapse of the ventricular process of the cell, followed by its NS division. (biologists.com)
  • Using an intact cortical mantle and confocal laser microscopy, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations in neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) cells in situ . (jneurosci.org)
  • When imaging near the ventricular surface, synchronous spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i increases were frequently observed in pairs of adjacent cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Subsequently, we selected three common EC cell lines for in vitro validation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The p53 response in single cells is linearly correlated to the number of DNA breaks without a distinct threshold. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
  • In this project, I aimed to understand how the APC/C coordinates the cell cycle with the cell specialisation process using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism. (europa.eu)
  • During the natural developmental process of Drosophila, the developing eye shows a remarkable, tight coordination between cell proliferation and the steps for cell specialisation. (europa.eu)
  • This results in a sub-critical Plk1 kinase activity that primes the pericentriolar matrix for Separase-dependent disassembly but is insufficient for rapid mitotic entry, causing premature centriole disengagement in G2. (bvsalud.org)
  • These observations corroborate and extend published data indicating that miRNAs are required for stem cells to bypass the G1/S checkpoint.1 Figure?1. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Rat stem-cell leukemia gene expression increased during testis maturation. (nih.gov)
  • Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
  • Based on discussions held by a global collaborative initiative on translation of stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease, we have identified a set of key questions that we believe should be addressed ahead of every clinical stem cell-based transplantation trial in this disorder. (lu.se)
  • With this background information as a foundation, we then discuss each of the key questions in relation to the upcoming therapeutic trial and critically assess if the time is ripe for clinical translation of parthenogenetic stem cell technology in Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
  • Stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's dis- ogy company International Stem Cell Corporation ease (PD) are rapidly moving towards clinical trials. (lu.se)
  • Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
  • DNA damage in HepG2 cells after TIGAR knockdown with or without treatment of epirubicin or CoCl 2 was detected by Comet assay. (nature.com)