OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentGeographicals
DiphtheriaDiphtheria ToxoidCorynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheria ToxinDiphtheria AntitoxinDiphtheria-Tetanus VaccineDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineTetanusDiphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis VaccinesVaccines, CombinedTetanus ToxoidCommonwealth of Independent StatesPeptide Elongation Factor 2Poliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedWhooping CoughImmunization SchedulePertussis Vaccine
CutaneousVaccinationVaccinesTdapOutbreaksOutbreakResurgence of diphtheriaCorynebacteriumDTaPToxoid vaccineProtection against tetanus7,202 cases of diphtheriaInfectionWhooping coughDoses of the diphtheriaPertussis vaccineDeaths from diphtheriaNigeriaTransmission of diphtheriaSymptoms20182023Sore throatToxoidsInfectionsTreat diphtheriaNasal diphtheriaComplicationsDiphtheriae2022Bacteria2016InfectiousMeaslesGlobally2019KanoAirwayAntitoxinImmunisationLate 1940sStrainsIncidenceTonsilsPolioDiagnosisRespiratory diseaseVaccine protectsContagious bacterialDiseasesYemenInfantsSeverePotentially fatalAntibioticsWidespreadLaryngeal
Cutaneous13
  • Respiratory tract colonization or symptomatic infection and toxic complications occur in a minority of patients with cutaneous diphtheria. (medscape.com)
  • To determine whether hospitalization data, complemented with notifiable disease data, can describe the toxigenic respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria burden in Canada, and to assess if Canada is meeting its diphtheria vaccine-preventable disease-reduction target of zero annual cases of locally transmitted respiratory diphtheria. (canada.ca)
  • 23%). Cutaneous diphtheria accounted for 43% of records, and respiratory diphtheria accounted for 3%, with the remainder being other diphtheria complications or site unspecified. (canada.ca)
  • Case series from Canada, consistent with global surveillance, have found that the disease burden is increasingly attributed to cutaneous, non-pseudomembranous respiratory and systemic disease from toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans Footnote 2 Footnote 3 Footnote 4 Footnote 5 Footnote 6 Footnote 7 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • Diphtheria is a highly contagious and potentially life-threatening bacterial disease, which can present in respiratory or cutaneous forms. (socialnews.xyz)
  • The disease affects mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria), skin (cutaneous diphtheria), and occasionally mucous membranes at other sites (eyes, ears or vagina). (disease.lk)
  • Caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria, Diphtheria appears as an upper respiratory tract or cutaneous infection affecting the nose, throat and, in rare cases, the skin. (techpoint.africa)
  • Cutaneous diphtheria can be transmitted by contact with discharge from skin lesions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cutaneous diphtheria is common in tropical countries. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria have been reported in travelers, though rarely. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing suggests transmission of Corynebacterium diphtheriae -caused cutaneous diphtheria in two siblings, Germany, 2018. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers, led by Taisei Mushiroda, PhD, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan, explain that cutaneous adverse drug reactions with carbamazepine are common and problematic, and the most severe - Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) - can be fatal. (medscape.com)
  • The editorialists note that while the study did not have the statistical power to definitively demonstrate complete avoidance of the high morbidity and mortality from forms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SJS/TEN), the absence of clinical cases was noted. (medscape.com)
Vaccination34
  • This case highlights the risk for individual cases in undervaccinated subpopulations, despite high vaccination coverage in the general popula- The Study tion. (cdc.gov)
  • This report 1) describes the clinical features of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants, 2) reviews available evidence of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy as a strategy to prevent infant pertussis, 3) summarizes Tdap vaccination policy in the United States, and 4) presents recommendations for use of Td and Tdap vaccines among pregnant and postpartum women. (cdc.gov)
  • Pertussis results in substantial morbidity among adults and adolescents whose immunity to past childhood vaccination or B. pertussis infection might have waned and who have not received booster immunization for pertussis with adult tetanus, reduced diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Decennial booster vaccination with adult tetanus toxoid and reduced diphtheria toxoid (Td) vaccine has been largely responsible for reducing the average annual number of tetanus and respiratory diphtheria cases reported during 2000--2006 to 31 and less than one, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheritic croup is extremely rare in countries where diphtheria vaccination is customary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diphtheria is a deadly infectious disease but is entirely preventable by vaccination. (msf.org.uk)
  • But prior to the successful vaccination programme, diphtheria was very common and one of the leading causes of death in children. (msf.org.uk)
  • The historical book 'Vaccination- Social Violence and Criminality, the Medical Assault on the American Brain' by Harris Coulter, PhD was an eye opener which established the fact that the cases of Autism were nothing but the post-encephalitic syndrome resulting from childhood vaccination against whooping cough. (hpathy.com)
  • Today, because of widespread vaccination, tetanus is rare in the United States, with less than 30 cases reported annually. (familyeducation.com)
  • It noted that its Emergency Health Unit was deploying expert health and supply chain staff to help over-stretched clinics to detect and treat diphtheria cases and to support mass vaccination campaigns across the worst-hit areas. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease that has largely been eradicated across the world, although periodic outbreaks happen in places where large groups of children have missed this routine vaccination, such as the disruptions to vaccinations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • Save the Children is calling on donors to support the comprehensive response being launched by the government, UN, and aid agencies to support local health services to cope with the influx of diphtheria cases, procure more vaccines and to roll out a mass vaccination campaign. (savethechildren.net)
  • Canada has maintained a low incidence of toxigenic diphtheria since the 1990s, supported by continued commitment to publicly funded vaccination programs. (canada.ca)
  • As a result of vaccination, however, the number of cases reported decreased by more than 99% from the 1930s to the 1980s. (medscape.com)
  • Low vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy leave children vulnerable to outbreaks of potentially fatal diseases that can easily be prevented. (who.int)
  • underlying the outbreak is a low vaccination rate, with only 70 per cent of children having received their first dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. (socialnews.xyz)
  • The number of suspected cases in other countries in the region adds to the urgency of increasing access to antitoxin drugs and vaccination initiatives. (socialnews.xyz)
  • In a new health scare, a team of researchers from India, the UK and Russia, has found that Diphtheria, which is a relatively easily-preventable infection, has started to become resistant to several classes of antibiotics, and in future, it may even become immune to vaccination. (thenewswatch.in)
  • This graph shows the diphtheria death rate in the absence of mass vaccination and compares it to the leading causes of death in children under age 10 today. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Hence, in the absence of mass vaccination, the diphtheria death rate per 100,000 is 0.06 for children under age 10. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, but low vaccination rates in Nigeria have made the outbreak possible. (fellowpress.com)
  • The organization is deploying expert health and supply chain staff to help overstretched clinics detect and treat diphtheria cases and to support mass vaccination campaigns. (fellowpress.com)
  • The UK national vaccination schedule takes care of Diphtheria so you must be sure you are up to date with your immunisation schedule before travelling. (thetravelclinic.london)
  • Diphtheria occurs globally, particularly in countries with inadequate vaccination coverage, including Africa and Asia. (techpoint.africa)
  • In some cases, your health care provider may decide to postpone pneumococcal conjugate vaccination until a future visit. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Globally, diphtheria has been eradicated from most countries after systematic childhood vaccination campaigns, and it's become something of a neglected and forgotten disease. (gulfif.org)
  • The last case identified in the world was in 1977 in Somalia, thanks to a coordinated worldwide vaccination effort. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vaccination-and-vaccine-hesitancy-in-canada. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • [3] But Politifact, whose mission is hiding facts that contradict the Left's official narratives, failed to mention that the CDC has advised all public health, clinical, and reference laboratories that PCR testing for "breakthrough cases" should have a threshold of only 28 cycles of specimen amplification or lower , down from the pre-vaccination threshold of 35 cycles of amplifications or higher . (lifesitenews.com)
  • As Alex Berenson notes , at a cycle threshold (CT) of only 28, more than 90% of "cases" of COVID would not even be detected in the United States or anywhere else, which means there would not be even a colorable basis for mass vaccination. (lifesitenews.com)
  • This was shown in Part I by the example of Chile, a world leader in vaccination rates, which has experienced a post-vaccination "surge" in positive PCR test results misleadingly denominated "cases" of COVID, showing that viral transmission and the development of herd immunity are proceeding despite the vaccine campaign. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Yet medical hierarchy, intent on maintaining the 'status-quo', feeds the public a constant stream of propaganda promoting the case for vaccination. (whale.to)
  • If you or someone in your family has been injured by a vaccination, we will represent you to bring your case to the proper court where your circumstances can be heard. (richardharrislaw.com)
  • Call our office today to set up a no cost consultation to discuss your situation and our vaccination lawyers will review your potential case . (richardharrislaw.com)
Vaccines11
  • Both Tdap vaccines are licensed for single-dose use to add protection against pertussis and to replace the next dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td). (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccines preventing diphtheria became available in the late 1940s in Europe and North America. (msf.org.uk)
  • Serious reconsideration regarding vaccines emerged when the Homeopathic Practitioners around the world, following Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, the Founder of Homeopathy, in their case studies of Chronic Diseases met with very serious bad effects of Vaccinations. (hpathy.com)
  • The last known fatal case of diphtheria in Canada, described in a case report published in 2021, occurred in a traveller who was not up to date with relevant vaccines Footnote 10 . (canada.ca)
  • Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease that's easily preventable with vaccines, but can be deadly if the bacterial toxin enters the bloodstream, leading to heart failure and neurological illnesses. (humanosphere.org)
  • Even if the Maduro administration decided to address the issue directly, some experts say the crisis-stricken South American country lacks the ability to stem the spread of diphtheria with vaccines. (humanosphere.org)
  • The Tdap and DTaP vaccines both work by exposing the body to a very small amount of inactivated toxins that tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis bacteria produce. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Tdap vaccines are used to protect against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). (medicareabc.com)
  • The Tdap vaccine is a combination of three vaccines in one: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). (medicareabc.com)
  • Most of us have had at least one vaccine in our lifetimes, whether it was a polio vaccine, or measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, or tetanus shot after an accident, many dangerous and fatal diseases have been eradicated because of the widespread, responsible use of vaccines. (richardharrislaw.com)
  • It most commonly occurs after infections, but in rare cases can also occur after some vaccines. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Tdap10
Outbreaks6
  • Rohingya crisis: 'After measles and diphtheria outbreaks, what will be next? (msf.org.uk)
  • There is presently a resurgence of diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria. (who.int)
  • The Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) was notified of suspected diphtheria outbreaks in Lagos and Kano States, Nigeria, in December 2022 and has been issuing monthly reports since that time. (who.int)
  • Outbreaks of diphtheria are rare in the United States but are still widespread in less developed nations. (familyeducation.com)
  • Nonetheless, because of many local outbreaks, the number of cases reported in the United States increased by more than 2300% between 1976 and 2005. (medscape.com)
  • Nigeria must increase vaccinations to cover at least 80% of the population to prevent future diphtheria outbreaks, it added. (pedfire.com)
Outbreak19
  • Nigeria recorded 7,202 cases of diphtheria and 430 deaths since the outbreak started in May 2022. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • The statement said: "There have been 453 deaths confirmed since the outbreak started in May 2022, with most cases recorded in the past three months. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • Currently only 42% of children under 15 in Nigeria are fully protected from diphtheria, and in this most recent outbreak, 80% of the confirmed cases have been found to be people who are unvaccinated. (savethechildren.net)
  • The Venezuelan government's apparent denial of the resurgence of diphtheria, a dangerous respiratory disease, has prompted confusion over the scope of the outbreak and renewed criticism of the Ministry of Health's lack of transparency. (humanosphere.org)
  • Meanwhile, opposition lawmaker José Manuel Olivares, who told Fox Latino he has information of at least 20 diphtheria-related deaths since April, said members of the Intelligence Agency Sebin are "chasing" doctors in Bolivar to try to keep them quiet about the outbreak. (humanosphere.org)
  • A serious diphtheria outbreak is tearing through Nigeria , where thousands of people have been infected and hundreds more have died. (socialnews.xyz)
  • However, responding to the outbreak has proven challenging, due to a worldwide shortage of lifesaving diphtheria antitoxin used in treatment, caused by dwindling production capacity. (socialnews.xyz)
  • The outbreak has been particularly severe among children under 14, with three-quarters of cases (73.6%) in this age group. (fellowpress.com)
  • Diarrhoea breaks out in so many countries aside from Bali, so you should come along with some general anti-diarrheal drugs in case there is an outbreak. (thetravelclinic.london)
  • In January 2023, the Nigerian government confirmed a Diphtheria outbreak in parts of the country. (techpoint.africa)
  • Previously, in 2011, a similar outbreak in Borno State resulted in 98 cases, 21 of which were fatal. (techpoint.africa)
  • The news came as cholera cases in Southern Africa continue to rise, with Malawi experiencing its most fatal outbreak yet, with over 1,300 deaths. (techpoint.africa)
  • More than 600 people, mostly children, have died of diphtheria in Nigeria since the current outbreak began in December 2022, officials say. (pedfire.com)
  • With 14,000 suspected cases, this outbreak is far worse than the last one in 2011 when 98 cases were reported. (pedfire.com)
  • Cases of cholera may have declined in Yemen , but the ongoing war and blockade are creating a new threat to public health as a suspected diphtheria outbreak takes hold. (gulfif.org)
  • Even in Yemen, the last diphtheria case was recorded in 1992, and the last outbreak in 1982. (gulfif.org)
  • The cumulative confirmed cases and deaths reported since the onset of the outbreak stood at 28,132 and 916 respectively. (africanews.com)
  • Ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Yemen: a cross-sectional and genomic epidemiology study. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela. (cdc.gov)
Resurgence of diphtheria1
  • Resurgence of Diphtheria in North Kerala, India, 2016: Laboratory Supported Case-Based Surveillance Outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Corynebacterium7
DTaP1
Toxoid vaccine3
Protection against tetanus1
7,202 cases of diphtheria2
  • ABUJA, 29 September - A staggering 7,202 cases of diphtheria, a highly contagious bacterial infection that can be fatal without treatment, were confirmed in Nigeria last week, with cases skyrocketing in recent months and children severely affected, said Save the Children. (savethechildren.net)
  • A staggering 7,202 cases of diphtheria, a highly contagious bacterial infection that can be fatal without treatment, were confirmed in Nigeria last week. (fellowpress.com)
Infection15
  • The symptoms of diphtheria usually begin two to seven days after infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diphtheria infection has also been observed in the external ear, the eye (usually the palpebral conjunctivae), and the genital mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic tests used to confirm diphtheria infection combine isolation of C diphtheriae on cultures with toxigenicity testing (which can be performed using the Elek test). (medscape.com)
  • However, diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can be fatal without treatment. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • Diphtheria is a now-rare vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) associated with a wide range of clinical illnesses, depending on the infection site and the toxigenicity of the bacteria. (canada.ca)
  • Diphtheria is a highly contagious infection. (thenewswatch.in)
  • Diphtheria is a bacterial infection. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Although diphtheria infection was widespread in the late 19th century, by the early 1940s, diphtheria had become a disease of low incidence - the annual risk of contracting diphtheria was about 1 in 7,500. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Tetanus is a bacterial infection that can cause severe muscle spasms and can be fatal if left untreated. (medicareabc.com)
  • Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that can cause difficulty breathing, heart failure, and paralysis. (medicareabc.com)
  • Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can cause severe coughing and can be fatal in some cases. (medicareabc.com)
  • This many deaths still sounds like a lot, but it's tiny compared to the number that died before we had antibiotics, when half of all deaths were caused by pneumonia, flu, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal infection and diphtheria. (mark-w-eather.com)
  • Diphtheria is a contagious and potentially fatal bacterial infection, mainly characterised by a thick grey membrane at the back of the throat or nose, sore throat and fever. (gulfif.org)
  • Rushing to stamp out the fire of vaccine dissent, the left-leaning Politifact labelled Risch's statement "Pants on Fire" based on the CDC's report of only 7,157 "breakthrough cases" of infection among "87 million fully vaccinated people. (lifesitenews.com)
  • and a previously unknown hantavirus, producing an often fatal lung infection, was linked to exposure to infected rodents. (cdc.gov)
Whooping cough3
  • The number of cases of pertussis, or whooping cough in California this year is approximately five-times the number of cases in 2013, according to the latest data released from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a respiratory disease that can be fatal, especially for infants. (cdc.gov)
  • Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a potentially fatal respiratory illness caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. (amsj.org)
Doses of the diphtheria2
  • Further doses of the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine are recommended every ten years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doctors recommend three doses of the diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccine before a child's first birthday, but according to Venezuela's former Minister of Health Jose Felix Oletta, Venezuela has had significant gaps in its immunization programs, El Pais reported. (humanosphere.org)
Pertussis vaccine3
Deaths from diphtheria2
Nigeria7
  • The vast majority of the confirmed cases (6,185) were recorded in Kano, the second most populous state in Nigeria, located in the north of the country. (thenationonlineng.net)
  • Nigeria has confirmed 557 cases of diphtheria across its states and 73 deaths since the beginning of 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported Wednesday. (laopdrnewsgazette.com)
  • We're currently seeing more than 700 people with suspected diphtheria and admitting more than 280 patients on a weekly basis in Kano state's two diphtheria treatment centres," says Dr Hashim Juma Omar, MSF emergency medical doctor in Nigeria. (socialnews.xyz)
  • Only 42% of children under 15 in Nigeria are fully protected from diphtheria. (fellowpress.com)
  • According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), 38 people, mostly children, died from the disease, and there were 123 clinically suspected cases. (techpoint.africa)
  • Kano state, in northern Nigeria, is the epicentre, recording more than 500 deaths, but there has been a recent decline in active cases. (pedfire.com)
  • The death toll has risen since 24 September, when the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) reported 453 fatalities, and 11,587 suspected cases. (pedfire.com)
Transmission of diphtheria2
  • Human-to-human transmission of diphtheria typically occurs through the air when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contact with any lesions on the skin can also lead to transmission of diphtheria, but this is uncommon. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms5
20184
  • In 2018, MSF teams continued to see cases of diphtheria across Yemen, treating 570 patients in Abs, Ad Dhale, Ibb and Taiz. (msf.org.uk)
  • In 2018, there were 16,651 reported cases, more than double the yearly average for 1996-2017 (8,105 cases). (thenewswatch.in)
  • The researchers used genomics to map the infections, including a subset from India, where over half of the globally reported cases occurred in 2018. (thenewswatch.in)
  • 2018. https://relief.unboundmedicine.com/relief/view/cdc-yellow-book/204032/all/Diphtheria. (unboundmedicine.com)
20234
  • From 2021 to 2023, Yemen reported 237 variant poliovirus type 2 cases - both circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). (who.int)
  • between May 2022 and early September 2023, over 6,000 confirmed cases were recorded. (socialnews.xyz)
  • Around 4,000 suspected cases were recorded in the country in August 2023 alone, with over three-quarters coming from Kano state. (socialnews.xyz)
  • For context, South Africa's health department announced on Thursday, February 23, 2023, that one person with no travel history died from cholera, bringing the country's total number of confirmed cases to five. (techpoint.africa)
Sore throat1
Toxoids1
Infections4
  • In most cases, the bacteria cause acute infections, driven by the diphtheria toxin - the key target of the vaccine. (thenewswatch.in)
  • However, non-toxigenic C. diphtheria can also cause disease, often in the form of systemic infections. (thenewswatch.in)
  • Diphtheria infections can usually be treated with several classes of antibiotics. (thenewswatch.in)
  • Molecular and epidemiological review of toxigenic diphtheria infections in England between 2007 and 2013. (cdc.gov)
Treat diphtheria2
  • To treat diphtheria, patients need to be isolated and receive antibiotics and anti-toxins. (msf.org.uk)
  • Save the Children's Emergency Health Unit will work side-by-side with local health workers to ensure they have the skills and equipment needed to detect and treat diphtheria cases and to conduct contract tracing and community education to help reduce the spread of the disease. (savethechildren.net)
Nasal diphtheria1
Complications7
  • 25% of pertussis cases in early infancy, when rates for complications and fatalities are highest ( 4--8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheria can also involve the skin, eyes, or genitals, and can cause complications, including myocarditis (which in itself can result in an abnormal heart rate), inflammation of nerves (which can result in paralysis), kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low levels of platelets. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diphtheria anti-toxin is the primary means of reducing mortality and the risk of other diphtheria-caused complications, such as myocarditis (damage to the heart muscle) and neuropathies (nerve damage). (msf.org.uk)
  • Classic respiratory diphtheria describes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous respiratory disease associated with inflammation in the throat, high fatality rates and severe complications affecting the heart and nervous system Footnote 1 . (canada.ca)
  • Without treatment, they can lead to severe complications, and in some instances, they are fatal. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Early diagnosis and proper case management (tertiary prevention of complications and deaths). (disease.lk)
  • Patients with respiratory diphtheria require hospitalization to monitor response to treatment and manage complications. (unboundmedicine.com)
Diphtheriae4
  • Diphtheria toxin (DT) is produced only by C. diphtheriae infected with a certain type of bacteriophage. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to disease burden, other toxigenic Corynebacteria ( C. ulcerans or C. pseudotuberculosis ) and non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae may serve to maintain a reservoir for toxigenic respiratory diphtheria Footnote 2 Footnote 4 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • The main disease-causing component of C. diphtheriae is the diphtheria toxin, which is encoded by the `tox' gene. (thenewswatch.in)
  • C. diphtheriae is the bacterial agent that causes diphtheria. (disease.lk)
20222
  • Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)
  • The country's 29 health districts reported cholera cases since the confirmation of the first case in March 2022. (africanews.com)
Bacteria3
  • These samples will be examined to see whether the bacteria that cause diphtheria are present. (msf.org.uk)
  • Diphtheria is an infectious and communicable disease most commonly spread through bacteria from respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. (familyeducation.com)
  • In severe cases, the bacteria produce a toxin that can block the airway, causing difficulty breathing and swallowing. (fellowpress.com)
20162
  • Over 28,000 cases were reported, lasting from 2014 to 2016, due to intense transmission in urban areas. (techpoint.africa)
  • Review of the epidemiology of diphtheria-2000-2016. (unboundmedicine.com)
Infectious1
  • Concurrent national disease surveil ance systems, includ- · events with potential for disease importation ing those for COVID-19 and EBS for domestic events, are (occurrence above baseline, unexpected out- breaks of fatal infectious diseases) not described here. (who.int)
Measles1
  • Children are particularly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio, measles, pertussis and diphtheria," said Dr Arturo Pesigan, WHO Representative and Head of Mission in Yemen. (who.int)
Globally2
  • Globally, the decline of diphtheria in recent years was accompanied by a concrete loss of knowledge regarding its treatment," says Marc Poncin, MSF's emergency coordinator in Ibb, Yemen. (msf.org.uk)
  • The number of diphtheria cases reported globally has been increasing gradually. (thenewswatch.in)
20191
  • In response to the Rohingya refugee crisis, we have treated more than 7,000 people for diphtheria in Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar district as of the end of June 2019. (msf.org.uk)
Kano5
  • A humanitarian group, Save the Children International (SCI) has said it was launching a wide-scale health response against diphtheria in the three most impacted states of Kano, Yobe, and Katsina . (thenationonlineng.net)
  • While we provided 2,000 doses of diphtheria antitoxin last month in Kano, securing doses of the antitoxin has been one of the biggest challenges in this crisis," says Dr Omar. (socialnews.xyz)
  • In Kano state, our teams have seen 6,707 people with suspected or confirmed cases of the disease since January, working in treatment centres with a total bed capacity of 147. (socialnews.xyz)
  • Most cases have been recorded in Kano state, Nigeria's second most populous state. (fellowpress.com)
  • During a visit to a diphtheria isolation centre in Kano city on Wednesday, he added: "Witnessing the young children suffering from this entirely preventable disease at the centre today was profoundly heart-wrenching. (pedfire.com)
Airway6
  • In severe cases, a grey or white patch develops in the throat, which can block the airway, and create a barking cough similar to what is observed in croup. (wikipedia.org)
  • A tracheotomy is sometimes needed to open the airway in severe cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cases develop a barking cough, swelling of the neck, and airway obstruction. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Diphtheria can be treated with diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics (erythromycin or procaine penicillin G). Respiratory support and airway maintenance can also be used if needed. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • Extensive membrane formation may result in life-threatening or fatal airway obstruction. (disease.lk)
  • Fatal airway obstruction can result if the pseudomembrane extends into the larynx or trachea or if a piece of it becomes dislodged. (unboundmedicine.com)
Antitoxin2
Immunisation2
  • During the recovery phase, patients need to receive a full course of immunisation - having had diphtheria does not give automatic protection against it. (msf.org.uk)
  • In 2021, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported that diphtheria cases decreased from approximately 100,000 in 1980 to less than 10,000 due to widespread immunisation with a diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine. (techpoint.africa)
Late 1940s2
Strains1
  • Toxigenic strains of diphtheria still circulate in all regions of the world, and the disease can re-emerge if a population's overall protection decreases, as was the case in Eastern Europe in the 1990s. (msf.org.uk)
Incidence5
  • The incidence reached an all-time low in 1980 when only 623 cases were reported from the European region of the World Health Organization (WHO). (cambridge.org)
  • Hospital administrative data are consistent with the low incidence of diphtheria reported in CNDSS, and a low burden of respiratory diphtheria in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • 4 However, due to advancements in living conditions, sanitation, and nutrition, 5 the diphtheria case fatality rate declined to 4% in the 1970s, 6 and the incidence of diphtheria declined from 190 per 100,000 in 1921 7 to 13 per 100,000 in 1945 8 - about a 93% decline. (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
  • The last pertussis epidemic in California occurred in 2010, when approximately 9,000 cases were reported, including 808 hospitalizations and 10 infant deaths, for a statewide incidence of 24.6 cases per 100,000 population. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Whole Genome Sequencing for Surveillance of Diphtheria in Low Incidence Settings. (cdc.gov)
Tonsils1
  • The hallmark of respiratory diphtheria is a pseudomembrane that appears within 2-3 days of illness over the mucous lining of the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, or nares and that can extend into the trachea. (unboundmedicine.com)
Polio3
  • This is a booster dose for children who were immunized against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and polio at a younger age. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Speak with your health care provider if you or your child has had a life-threatening reaction to a previous dose of a tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis or polio vaccine, or any part of the vaccine, including neomycin, polymyxin B, or streptomycin. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Today, the Africa Regional Certification Commission certified the WHO African Region as wild polio-free after four years without a case. (who.int)
Diagnosis6
  • We made a clinical diagnosis of respiratory diphtheria. (cdc.gov)
  • A diphtheria diagnosis is confirmed by taking a sample of cells from the throat or nose, or from a wound on the skin. (msf.org.uk)
  • Of these, diphtheria was the most responsible diagnosis in 23. (canada.ca)
  • Two records with diphtheria as the most responsible diagnosis resulted in inpatient deaths. (canada.ca)
  • Recently, Priscilla Ibekkwe, official of the Nigerian Center for Disease Control, assured that, in order to contain a diphtheria spread, labs are increasing their capacity for early diagnosis. (laopdrnewsgazette.com)
  • AI could help hasten the diagnosis of new mpox cases. (medicaldaily.com)
Respiratory disease1
  • The bacterium that causes this potentially fatal respiratory disease is Bordetella pertussis . (peoplespharmacy.com)
Vaccine protects1
Contagious bacterial1
  • Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial disease that spreads through contact with droplets from coughing or sneezing. (breathinglabs.com)
Diseases1
  • The WHO said that only 57% of Nigerians are immunised with the pentavalent vaccine, which protects against five life-threatening diseases, including diphtheria. (pedfire.com)
Yemen2
  • Diphtheria cases have been recorded as a result of the war in Yemen and Rohingya refugees fleeing Myanmar . (msf.org.uk)
  • Humanitarian actors are also struggling to start diphtheria treatment and prevention activities due to the ongoing logistical difficulties in bringing specialised staff and needed supplies into Yemen and to areas where they're most needed. (gulfif.org)
Infants2
  • 12 months was 174.6 cases per 100,000 during January 1-November 26, 2014, and was significantly higher among Hispanic infants and lower among Asian/Pacific Islander infants than among white, non-Hispanic infants. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • 8] The Australian paediatric surveillance unit study of 110 hospitalised infants with pertussis demonstrated adults to be the source in 68% of cases, 60% of which were the parents of the infant in question. (amsj.org)
Severe4
  • The case-fatality ratio for severe YF is 20%-50% [Monath 2013]. (cdc.gov)
  • In rare cases, acetaminophen may cause a severe skin reaction that can be fatal. (astistrial.com)
  • In severe cases, cervical lymphadenopathy and soft-tissue swelling in the neck give rise to a "bull-neck" appearance. (disease.lk)
  • You can be easily susceptible if you are not vaccinated and severe cases of diphtheria can be fatal. (thetravelclinic.london)
Potentially fatal1
Antibiotics2
  • Diphtheria can be prevented in those exposed, as well as treated with the antibiotics erythromycin or benzylpenicillin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cases of travelers' diarrhea are mild and do not require either antibiotics or antidiarrheal drugs. (redplanet.travel)
Widespread1
  • Between 1900 and 1945, before widespread use of the diphtheria vaccine, the mortality rate of diphtheria dropped from 40.3 per 100,000 to 1.2 per 100,000 in the population, due to advancements in living conditions, sanitation, and nutrition - a 97% decline (Fig. 1). (physiciansforinformedconsent.org)
Laryngeal1