• Like these proteins, it is involved in forming transcription preinitiation complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In bacteria and eukaryotes, proteins TFIIB and sigma factor are involved in the initiation of transcription, where they facilitate preinitiation complex formation and specific RNA Polymerase-DNA binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • since TFB, TBP, and RNAP are located more closely to each other than in Eukarya, the tightness of the proteins and their interactions may provide more areas of contact to open the DNA as well as physically strain the DNA, which leads to an open transcription complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The GATA family of transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA sites with the consensus sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G), found within the regulatory region of a number of genes. (expasy.org)
  • Some other proteins contain a single zinc finger motif highly related to those of the GATA transcription factors. (expasy.org)
  • Herein, we report that BBAP and the human family of DTX proteins (DTX1, DTX2, and DTX3) function as E3 ligases based on their capacity for self-ubiquitination. (nih.gov)
  • Several coactivator proteins have been shown to bind steroid receptors and enhance their interaction with basal transcription factors, thereby amplifying the transcriptional activation potential of the receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sry-related high-mobility group box (SOX) proteins make up a large family of transcription factors that share a homologous high-mobility group (HMG) DNA-binding domain and are key regulators of many developmental and tissue-specific processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)
  • Both predicted proteins are highly conserved with other known homologous sequences, with the exception of two small domains present only in the Sof-RXR. (europa.eu)
  • This family consists of a the C terminal region of a number of eukaryotic hypothetical proteins which are homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein IWS1. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • virtually every tissue expresses at least one family member, consistent with a critical role for TEAD proteins in either cell proliferation or differentiation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The 72-amino acid TEA DNA binding domains in mTEAD-2, 3, and 4 are approximately 99% homologous to the same domain in mTEAD-1, and all four proteins bind specifically to the same DNA sequences in vitro with a Kd value of 16-38 nM DNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Indeed, the PBF (PROLAMIN BINDING FACTOR), one of the first DOF proteins characterised, controls the endosperm-specific expression of the zein genes in maize. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The expression of IFNs is governed by a family of transcription factors known as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) (24 64 In particular the transcription of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) relies on the activation of IRF-3 and IRF-7 highly homologous proteins that become activated via C-terminal phosphorylation (58). (health-ground.com)
  • DNA binding domain (DBD) is often highly conserved among homologous proteins in the protein family. (computabio.com)
  • The intact receptor lacks tyrosine kinase activity, but binding of GH and dimerization results in association with JAK2, a member of the Janus kinase family, which results in self-phosphorylation of the JAK2 and a cascade of phosphorylation of cellular proteins. (medscape.com)
  • The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)
  • The IGFBPs are a family of 6 structurally related proteins with a high affinity for binding IGF. (medscape.com)
  • More than 30 mammalian genes comprise the TGFβ superfamily of growth factors. (nature.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • The most relevant eleven candidate genes for layer-specific angle modification include those homologous to genes controlling leaf angle in rice and maize or genes associated with cell size/expansion, shape, and cell number. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that integration of two separate phylogenomic pipelines yields increased accuracy, suggesting that their sources of error are independent, and finally, we leverage the resulting annotation of homologous genes to study the functional impact of gene duplication and loss in the context of rich gene expression and functional genomic datasets of the modENCODE, mouse ENCODE, and human ENCODE projects. (biorxiv.org)
  • Formally, a gene family is defined to be a group of genes such that all genes in the family are evolutionarily derived from the same ancestral gene. (biorxiv.org)
  • For any given set of species, gene families are created by first identifying all the genes in all species and then clustering them based on their sequence similarities. (biorxiv.org)
  • A pair of genes from the same gene family is said to be homologous to each other, and the assumption is that homologous genes are likely to have similar biological functions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Once gene families are established, they immediately imply a coarse mapping between the genes of different species. (biorxiv.org)
  • Click gene/probe ID to show a list of genes that are homologous to the gene. (or.jp)
  • As a transcription factor, many of the functional cellular roles of the p53 protein are elicited through direct DNA binding to sequence-specific cis-regulatory elements [ 3 ] leading to the transactivation or transrepression of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The absence of genomic resources renders the search for paralogous cuttlefish genes dependent upon the presence of highly conserved protein motifs within genes of interest, thus we used a degenerate primer strategy to isolate partial coding sequence from the conserved domains specific to these families. (europa.eu)
  • These genes were uncovered on the basis of similarity to the DNA binding domain [ ( PUBMED:9504043 ) ] of Mus musculus (Mouse) Brachyury (T) gene product, which similarity is the defining feature of the family. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In humans, mutations affecting the genes of this family are associated with specific diseases. (sdbonline.org)
  • The audience will learn that the identification of microRNA genes in medicinal plants is important since only one microRNA family can target multiple genes in the human hosts. (traditionalmedicineconference.com)
  • We will then determine the function of their homologous genes in mice. (uconn.edu)
  • Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • CnA ( Figure 1 ) contains the catalytic domain, which is homologous to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases (4). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Pim-1, 2 and 3 (EC 2.7.11.1) make up a distinct and highly homologous family of serine/threonine kinases belonging to the Ca2+/ calmodulin -dependent protein kinase-related (CAMK) family. (axonmedchem.com)
  • It is homologous to eukaryotic TFIIB and, more distantly, to bacterial sigma factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)
  • Western blot analysis was used to measure eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As one of three primary UPR effectors, PERK directly phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which consequently inhibits initiation of general translation and reduces ER burden ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GATA-type zinc finger motif-containing sequences and chorion gene transcription factors of the silkworm Bombyx mori. (expasy.org)
  • These gene sequences are conservative through evolution (for example have homologous sequences in flies and in vertebrates) although they don't necessarily have the same function. (albertkharris.com)
  • It is a transcriptional activator which probably serves as a general 'switch' factor for erythroid development. (expasy.org)
  • Drosophila box A-binding factor (ABF) (also known as protein serpent (gene srp)) which may function as a transcriptional activator protein and may play a key role in the organogenesis of the fat body. (expasy.org)
  • We studied the transcriptional role of p53 during nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of the PC12 line into neuron-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional elongation is a generic function, but is also regulated to allow rapid transcription responses. (sdbonline.org)
  • Following the C-terminal phosphorylation of IRF-3 homodimeric complexes accumulate in the nucleus where an interaction with the transcriptional cofactor p300/CBP potentiates the transcription of IFN-β (30 40 75 human IFN-α1 (23 38 and murine IFN-α4 (58). (health-ground.com)
  • Archaeal transcription factor B (ATFB or TFB) is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation of RNA transcription in organisms that fall under the domain of Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nuclear transcription factor NF-κB is a dimer composed of Rel protein family members. (xcessbio.com)
  • Mechanistic Heterogeneity in Site Recognition by the Structurally Homologous DNA-Binding Domains of the ETS-Family Transcription Factors Ets-1 and PU.1Sang S, Linde MH, Carvalho V, Munde M, Wilson WD, Poon G, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2014) 289, 21605-16. (jnu.ac.in)
  • Structurally, Mage-D1 possesses the N-terminal sequence Mage homology domain 2 (MHD2), which is a highly conserved structure of the type II Mage gene family. (researchsquare.com)
  • IGF binding involves 3 basic types of receptors: the structurally homologous insulin receptor and type 1 IGF receptor and the distinctive type 2 IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor. (medscape.com)
  • They all contain a conserved Rel homologous domain (RHD) consisting of 300 amino acids at the N-terminus, which has multiple functions including DNA binding, homologous or heterologous dimerization, nuclear localization, and interaction with members of the IkB family. (xcessbio.com)
  • a heterologous COVID-19 with VE of a homologous booster following mRNA primary mRNA vaccine is preferred over a homologous (matching) series vaccination (i.e., 3 mRNA doses). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, regulation of breast cancer CSCs (BCSCs) occurs by CD44 standard splice isoform (CD44s)-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRb)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1)-activated sonic hedgehog (SHH), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1PR3-activated NOTCH pathways [ 10 - 13 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • Functions as activator of GCC box dependent transcription. (or.jp)
  • The targets mainly include androgen receptor (AR), ETS-related gene (ERG), MYC, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein TOX, topoisomerase II (Top2), as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (computabio.com)
  • Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand-receptor interactions. (nature.com)
  • RNA-differential display experiments identified a clone that encodes for a gene that is homologous to the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translation initiation factor (AmIF-2mt). (lookformedical.com)
  • CN has a number of targets but its most prominent are the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) transcription factors. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The lilli gene encodes a nuclear protein related to the AF4/FMR2 family. (sdbonline.org)
  • All these transcription factors contain a pair of highly similar 'zinc finger' type domains with the consensus sequence C-x2-C-x17-C-x2-C. (expasy.org)
  • Although BBAP has a unique N terminus, the C-terminal region is highly homologous to that of DTX family members. (nih.gov)
  • In this paper, we provide evidence that the Atropa belladonna aba-miRNA-9497 (miRBase conserved ID: bdi-miRNA-9497) is highly homologous to the CNS-abundant Homo sapiens miRNA-378 (hsa-miRNA-378) and both target the zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF-691 mRNA 3′-UTR to down-regulate ZNF-691 mRNA abundance. (traditionalmedicineconference.com)
  • The DOF TF family is characterised by a highly conserved DNA binding domain (DOF domain), consisting of a CX2C-X21-CX2C motif, which is able to form a zinc finger structure. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • We recently defined the secretory cell lineage at the single cell resolution and discovered that gland formation utilizes a conserved genetic program including the Notch signaling pathway, NR5A family member Hr39 (homologous to Lrh-1 in mammals), and Runt-domain transcription factor Lozenge [4] (See the video below). (uconn.edu)
  • In mammals the failure of expression of a transcription factor, MITF ( microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ), in the pigmented retina prevents this structure from fully differentiating. (wikidoc.org)
  • TFBN makes up approximately one third of the protein and contains both a B-finger motif (homologous to the TFIIB B-finger) and a zinc-finger motif, the latter of which is located at amino acids 2-34. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its structure includes several conserved motifs which interact with DNA and other transcription factors, notably the single type of RNA polymerase that performs transcription in Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
  • TFB is a single polypeptide, around 280 to 300 amino acids in length and 34 kDa in mass, that is required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to begin transcription, and it may also affect the transcription complex's structure during changes that occur before transcription, though specific mechanisms are unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. (zfin.org)
  • ATF4, CHOP and VEGF mRNA expression levels were assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2002. RNA polymerase II elongation factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a targeted proteomics approach. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • Following relatively long initiation and promoter clearance, RNA polymerase II can pause and then rapidly elongate following recruitment of positive elongation factors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Through de novo transcriptome assembly with the RNA-seq reads from whole organ samples of C. virgata at the germination stage (2 days after germination, DAG), early young development stage (8 DAG), young development stage (17 DAG), and adult development stage (28 DAG), we identified 21,589 unified transcripts (contigs) and found that 19,346 and 18,156 protein-coding transcripts were homologous to those in rice and Arabidopsis , respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Members of the DTX (Deltex) family act as Notch signaling modifiers and may also regulate transcription through interactions with specific transcription factors. (nih.gov)
  • Structure and evolution of a human erythroid transcription factor. (expasy.org)
  • Translocation carcinoma is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype that harbors a translocation involving a member of the microphthalmia transcription factor gene family. (medscape.com)
  • Crosslinking experiments have shown this domain is located close to the transcription start site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Probing the electrostatics and pharmacologic modulation of sequence-specific binding by the DNA-binding domain of the ETS-family transcription factor PU.1: a binding affinity and kinetics investigation. (jnu.ac.in)
  • The most effective enhancer in cleavage stage mouse embryos depends on DNA binding sites for TEF-1, the prototype for a family of transcription factors that share the same TEA DNA binding domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • We identified putative risk factors for ESCrE and CRE colonization among patients in 1 urban and 3 rural hospitals in Kenya. (cdc.gov)
  • The corresponding PBF (PROLAMIN BINDING FACTOR) gene was first isolated from maize and shown to encode a DOF protein that interacts with O2 (Opaque2) [ 28 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In mouse development, transcription is first detected in late 1-cell embryos, but translation of newly synthesized transcripts does not begin until the 2-cell stage. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • IWS1 is known to be an Pol II transcription elongation factor and interacts with Spt6 and Spt5. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 is a transcription factor with important roles in the control of fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. (cancerindex.org)
  • Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene. (expasy.org)
  • Levels of reproductive hormones in the pre-ovulatory follicular fluid and the expression levels of LHR (luteinizing hormone receptor), AR, SOX9, AMH, AR-associated protein 54(ARA54)and ARA70 were determined in granulosa-luteal cells by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Blobe, G. C., Schiemann, W. P. & Lodish, H. F. Role of transforming growth factor β in human disease. (nature.com)
  • Exposure of isolated human adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced a marked and specific decrease in the mRNA encoding the SREBP1c isoform and completely blocked the insulin-induced cleavage of SREBP1 protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Disruption of p53 activity through direct mutation or regulatory dysfunction is a demonstrated causal factor in a large proportion of human malignancies [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This is the first example of a human brain-enriched transcription factor, ZNF-691, targeted and down-regulated by a naturally occurring plant microRNA, with potential to modulate gene expression in the human CNS and thus contribute to the neurotoxicological-and-psychoactive properties of the Atropa belladonna species of the deadly nightshade Solanaceae family. (traditionalmedicineconference.com)
  • We identified risk factors potentially associated with human colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) in low-income urban and rural communities in Kenya. (cdc.gov)
  • Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Expression profiles following lilliputian and Suppressor of Triplolethal RNAi were nearly identical raising the possibility that they are obligatory co-factors. (sdbonline.org)
  • The MYB transcription factor family has been divided into subgroups based on the number of DNA-binding domains they contain, such as 1R-MYB, R2R3-MYB, 3R-MYB and 4R-MYB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • vaccine dose and 2 alternative booster dose strategies: 1) a CDC recommends that all persons aged 18 years receive a homologous booster (i.e., 2 Janssen doses) and 2) a heter- single COVID-19 vaccine booster dose 2 months after receipt ologous mRNA booster (i.e., 1 Janssen dose/1 mRNA dose). (cdc.gov)
  • It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • encodes a member of the DREB subfamily A-4 of ERF/AP2 transcription factor family. (or.jp)
  • Further studies confirmed that p75NTR participates in the regulation of tooth development maybe by changing the activity of the key factor distal-less homeobox/msh homeobox (Dlx/Msx), and melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1) seems to be play a role in the differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs 5 , 6 . (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, RPE cells proliferate and secrete various proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which serves an important role in AMD-associated CNV ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • On the other hand, the two factors also co-exist in a system, common working, mutual interaction and constraint. (inhibitorkits.com)
  • ATF4 induces expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which mediates PERK-induced apoptosis ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • runx1 expression in the lateral plate mesoderm co-localizes with the hematopoietic transcription factor scl , and expression of runx1 is markedly reduced in the zebrafish mutants spadetail and cloche . (biologists.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Thus, the onset of zygotic gene expression (ZGE) is regulated at the level of both transcription and translation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • BPBF has also been shown to interact with GAMYB, a barley transcription factor belonging to the R2R3 MYB family [ 31 ] , and to cooperatively induce expression of the Hor2 ( Hordein2) prolamin gene [ 31 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The T-box is defined as the minimal region within the T-box protein that is both necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding, all members of the family so far examined bind to the DNA consensus sequence TCACACCT. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • TFB is recruited by another translation factor, TBP, after it recognizes the TATA box and bends the DNA so transcription can initiate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mage-D1 (MAGE family member D1) is involved in a variety of cell biological effects. (researchsquare.com)
  • Panax ginseng , a member of the perennial herb genus Ginseng in the family of Araliaceae, has been used medicinally for millennia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutant embryonic fibroblasts fail to respond to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF) by the IGF-I-induced increase in cell number observed in wild-type cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
  • Model organisms can serve the biological and medical community by enabling the study of conserved gene families and pathways in experimentally-tractable systems. (biorxiv.org)
  • Importantly, multiple genomic innovations including gene losses, independent contraction and expansion of specific gene families and their associated regulatory networks likely moulded the evolution of the nautilus pinhole eye. (nature.com)
  • This usually begins by first establishing a set of gene families and then studying fine-scale evolutionary events within them. (biorxiv.org)